Ethics : Theory and Practice

ISBN 13:
9780130314086
ISBN 10:
0130314080
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2001
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Summary

For freshman/sophomore-level courses in Introduction to Ethics. Using a clear, jargon-free style and a flexible organization, this text introduces students with little or no background in philosophy or ethics to traditional and contemporary ethical theory. An abundance of examples and case studies illustrates for students how to set up their own systematic, rational ethics and how to apply ethical theories to traditional and contemporary moral issues.

Preface

What Is Morality?

(34)

Objectives

(1)

What Is Philosophy and Ethics' Relationship to It?

(1)

Key Terms

(4)

Approaches to the Study of Morality

(2)

Morality and Its Applications

(5)

Where Does Morality Come From?

(4)

Customary or Traditional and Reflective Morality

(1)

Morality, Law, and Religion

(6)

Why Should Human Beings Be Moral?

(4)

Chapter Summary

(3)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality

(20)

Objectives

(1)

Psychological Egoism

(2)

Ethical Egoism

(5)

Utilitarianism

(5)

Difficulty with Consequentialist Theories in General

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Nonconsequentiatist (Deontological) Theories of Morality and Virtue Ethics

(28)

Objectives

(1)

Act Nonconsequentialist Theories

(3)

Rule Nonconsequentialist Theories

(7)

General Criticisms of Nonconsequentialist Theories

(2)

Virtue Ethics

(6)

Conclusions

(1)

Chapter Summary

(4)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(2)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Absolutism versus Relativism

(18)

Objectives

(1)

The Meanings of Absolute

(1)

The Meanings of Relative

(1)

Cultural Relativism and Cultural Absolutism

(2)

Propositions and Truth

(7)

Conclusion

(2)

Chapter Summary

(1)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Freedom versus Determinism

101

(20)

Objectives

101

(1)

The Meaning of Determinism

102

(1)

Types and Theories of Determinism

102

(6)

Fatalism and Hard and Soft Determinism

108

(2)

Indeterminism

110

(1)

Criticisms of Hard Determinism and Arguments for Freedom

111

(3)

Conclusion: Soft Determinism

114

(1)

Chapter Summary

115

(3)

Exercises for Review

118

(1)

Discussion Questions

118

(1)

Notes

119

(1)

Supplementary Reading

119

(2)

Reward and Punishment

121

(32)

Objectives

121

(1)

Definition of Key Terms

122

(1)

Reward and Punishment in Relationship to Justice

122

(1)

Elements of Justice

123

(1)

Reward

124

(6)

Theories of How to Reward

130

(1)

Punishment

131

(2)

Theories of Punishment

133

(10)

Is a Synthesis Possible?

143

(2)

Chapter Summary

145

(5)

Exercises for Review

150

(1)

Discussion Questions

150

(1)

Notes

151

(1)

Supplementary Reading

151

(2)

Setting Up a Moral System: Basic Assumptions and Basic Principles

153

(28)

Objectives

153

(1)

Conflicting General Moral Issues

154

(1)

Basic Assumptions

155

(5)

Basic Principles, Individual Freedom, and Their Justification

160

(10)

Priority of the Basic Principles

170

(1)

A General Way of Determining Priority--Two Categories

170

(4)

How the System of Humanitarian Ethics Works

174

(1)

Conclusion

175

(2)

Chapter Summary

177

(1)

Exercises for Review

178

(1)

Discussion Questions

179

(1)

Note

179

(1)

Supplementary Reading

179

(2)

The Taking of Human Life

181

(32)

Objectives

181

(1)

The Taking of Human Life

182

(1)

Suicide

182

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

185

(1)

Defense of the Innocent (the Self Included)

186

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

187

(1)

War

188

(3)

Terrorism

191

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

192

(1)

Capital Punishment

193

(5)

Cases for Study and Discussion

198

(1)

Chapter Summary

199

(3)

Exercises for Review

202

(1)

Views of Major Ethical Theories on the Taking of Human Life

203

(1)

Suicide

203

(2)

Defense of the Innocent

205

(1)

War and Terrorism

206

(2)

Capital Punishment

208

(2)

Reader Reactions

210

(1)

Notes

210

(1)

Supplementary Reading

210

(3)

Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

213

(56)

Objectives

213

(1)

Definition of Terms

214

(1)

Current Legal Status of Mercy Death and Mercy Killing

215

(2)

Allowing Someone to Die

217

(28)

Cases for Study and Discussion

245

(2)

Mercy Death

247

(8)

Cases for Study and Discussion

255

(1)

Mercy Killing

256

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

259

(2)

Chapter Summary

261

(4)

Exercises for Review

265

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

266

(1)

Notes

266

(1)

Supplementary Reading

267

(2)

Abortion

269

(26)

Objectives

269

(1)

Introduction to the Abortion Issue

270

(3)

When Does Human Life Begin?

273

(2)

Arguments Against Abortion

275

(4)

Arguments for Abortion

279

(4)

The More Moderate Positions on Abortion

283

(4)

Cases for Study and Discussion

287

(1)

Chapter Summary

288

(3)

Exercises for Review

291

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Abortion

292

(1)

Notes

292

(1)

Supplementary Reading

293

(2)

Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

295

(34)

Objectives

295

(1)

Introduction

296

(1)

Definitions of Key Terms

296

(1)

Nonconsequentialist and Consequentialist Views

297

(2)

Lying

299

(7)

Cases for Study and Discussion

306

(1)

Cheating

307

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

310

(1)

Breaking Promises

311

(5)

Cases for Study and Discussion

316

(1)

Stealing

317

(4)

Cases for Study and Discussion

321

(1)

Chapter Summary

322

(3)

Exercises for Review

325

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

326

(1)

Notes

326

(1)

Supplementary Reading

327

(2)

Morality, Marriage, and Human Sexuality

329

(33)

Objectives

329

(1)

Major Aspects of Human Sexuality

330

(1)

The Meaning and Purposes of Human Sexuality

330

(5)

Premarital Sex

335

Sex in Marriage-Type Relationships (Including Nonlegal)

333

(13)

Masturbation

346

(1)

Pornography

347

(2)

Prostitution

349

(1)

Sexual Perversion or ``Unnatural'' Sexual Activity

350

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

351

(1)

Chapter Summary

352

(6)

Exercises for Review

358

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Morality, Human Sexuality, and Marriage

359

(1)

Notes

359

(1)

Supplemetary Reading

359

(3)

Bioethics-Ethical Issues in Medicine

362

(32)

Objectives

362

(1)

Introduction and Definition of Terms

363

(1)

Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families--Rights and Obligations

363

(5)

Truth Telling and Informed Consent

368

(5)

Confidentiality

373

(1)

Guilt and Innocence in Treating Patients

374

(1)

Ethical Issues in Medicine

375

(5)

Cases for Study and Discussion

380

(2)

Chapter Summary

382

(7)

Exercises for Review

389

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Bioethical Issues

390

(1)

Notes

390

(1)

Supplementary Reading

391

(3)

Business and Media Ethics

394

(32)

Objectives

394

(1)

Introduction

395

(1)

Rights and Obligations in Business

395

(1)

Two Ways of Approaching Rights and Obligations in Business

396

(2)

The Moderate Position

398

(1)

Justice, Truth Telling, and Honesty in Business

399

(1)

Ethical Issues in Business

400

(6)

Sexual Harassment

406

(3)

Media Ethics

409

(4)

Cases for Study and Discussion

413

(4)

Chapter Summary

417

(6)

Exercises for Review

423

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Business and Media Ethics

424

(1)

Notes

424

(1)

Supplementary Reading

424

(2)

Environmental Ethics

426

(29)

Objectives

426

(1)

Key Terms

427

(1)

Nature and Morality

427

(1)

Environmental Ethical Issues

428

(2)

Our Attitude Toward Nature and What Lies Behind it

430

(3)

Arguments for Use and Exploitation of the Natural Environment

433

(1)

Arguments Against the Use and Exploitation of Nature

434

(2)

Moderate Position

436

(1)

Criteria for Animal Rights

436

Ways of Dealing with Animal Rights

429

(9)

Use of Animals for Food

438

(2)

Use of Animals for Experimentation

440

(1)

Killing Animals for Sport

441

(3)

Protection of Endangered Species

444

(1)

Conclusion

444

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

445

(2)

Chapter Summary

447

(5)

Exercises for Review

452

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Environmental Ethics

452

(1)

Notes

453

Supplementary Reading

443

(12)

Appendixes

455

(67)

Introduction

455

(1)

Appendix 1: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of the Taking of Human Life

456

(11)

Appendix 2: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

467

(9)

Appendix 3: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Abortion

476

(11)

Appendix 4: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

487

(9)

Appendix 5: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Human Sexuality

496

(6)

Appendix 6: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Medicine (Bioethics)

502

(48)

Appendix 7: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Business (Business and Media Ethics)

550

Appendix 8: Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Environmental Ethics

517

(5)

Glossary

522

(11)

Index

533

Ethics : Theory and Practice

9780130314086

0130314080

Summary

Table of Contents

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Ethics : Theory and Practice

9780130314086

0130314080

Summary

Table of Contents

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