Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

by: Pollock, Joycelyn M.

Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

by: Pollock, Joycelyn M.

ISBN 13:
9780495093435
ISBN 10:
0495093432
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 04/28/2006
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

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Summary

This text is designed to introduce students to ethical decision-making in the criminal justice system. Its greatest strengths are its balanced coverage of 1) all three segments of the CJ system-police, courts, and corrections-and 2) both philosophical principles/theories and hands-on criminal justice issues and applications.

Preface

1 Morality, Ethics, and Human Behavior

(30)

Why Study Ethics?

(5)

Defining Terms

(7)

Morals and Ethics

(1)

Making Moral Judgments

(3)

Duties

(1)

Values

(2)

Morality and the Law

(6)

Criminal Culpability/Moral Culpability

(3)

Regulations, Standards, and Guidelines

(2)

Morality and Behavior

(1)

Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(2)

Suggested Readings

(2)

2 Determining Moral Behavior

(36)

Ethical Systems

(2)

Deontological and Teleological Ethical Systems

(5)

Ethical Formalism

(3)

Utilitarianism

(2)

Other Ethical Systems

(11)

Religion

(3)

Natural Law

(1)

The Ethics of Virtue

(5)

The Ethics of Care 50

Egoism

(1)

Other Methods of Ethical Decision Making

(5)

Relativism and Absolutism

(1)

Toward a Resolution: Situational Ethics

(2)

Resulting Concerns

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Suggested Readings

(3)

3 Making Ethical Decisions

(26)

Theories of Moral Development

(10)

Biological Theories

(1)

Learning Theory

(2)

Developmental Theories

(6)

Ethics, Behavior, and Criminality

(8)

Predicting Behavior

(1)

Teaching Ethics

(4)

Morality, Criminology, and Offender Populations

(3)

Why Be Ethical?

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

4 The Origins and Concept Of Justice

(30)

Origins of the Concept of Justice

(1)

Components of Justice

(1)

Distributive Justice

(9)

Corrective Justice

108

(11)

Substantive Justice

108

(5)

Procedural Justice

113

(6)

Conclusion

119

(1)

Key Terms

119

(1)

Review Questions

120

(1)

Discussion Questions

120

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

121

(2)

Suggested Readings

123

(2)

5 Law and the Individual

125

(36)

Paradigms of Law

126

(6)

The Consensus Paradigm

127

(1)

The Conflict Paradigm

128

(3)

The Pluralist Paradigm

131

(1)

Justifications for Law

132

(4)

Legal Paternalism

132

(2)

Legal Moralism

134

(2)

Criminal and Moral Culpability

136

(7)

Punishing the Mentally Ill

136

(2)

Punishing Juveniles

138

(3)

Punishing White-Collar Criminals

141

(2)

Immoral Laws and the Moral Person

143

(4)

Victims' Rights

147

(6)

Media's Portrayal of Victims

148

(4)

Victim Precipitation

152

(1)

Restorative Justice

153

(3)

Conclusion

156

(1)

Key Terms

156

(1)

Review Questions

157

(1)

Discussion Questions

157

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

158

(1)

Suggested Readings

159

(2)

6 Ethics and the Criminal Justice Professional

161

(26)

Policy Making in Criminal Justice

162

(8)

Ideologies of Liberalism and Conservatism

163

(3)

Myths and Reality in Criminal Justice

166

(1)

Criminal Justice Researchers—Participants in Myth Making?

166

(4)

Balancing Law and Justice

170

(2)

The Criminal Justice Professional

172

(3)

Leadership and Training

175

(7)

Teaching Ethics in Criminal Justice

178

(1)

Avoiding Cynicism and Burnout

179

(3)

Conclusion

182

(1)

Key Terms

182

(1)

Review Questions

183

(1)

Discussion Questions

183

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

183

(2)

Suggested Readings

185

(2)

7 The Police Role in Society: Crime Fighter or Public Servant?

187

(36)

Crime Fighter or Public Servant?

189

(4)

Community Policing

192

(1)

Authority and Power

193

(2)

Formal Ethics for Police Officers

195

(3)

The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics

196

(2)

The Police Subculture

198

(7)

Themes and Value Systems

198

(5)

The Cop Code

203

(1)

A Different Culture?

203

(2)

Discretion, Duty, and Discrimination

205

(18)

Discretion

205

(3)

Discretion and Duty

208

(4)

Discretion and Discrimination

212

(11)

Crime Fighter and Pubic Servant?

223

(2)

Conclusion

225

(1)

Key Terms

226

(1)

Review Questions

226

(1)

Discussion Questions

227

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

227

(1)

Suggested Readings

228

(1)

Appendix

229

8 Corruption and the "Code"

223

(50)

Types of Corruption

235

(14)

Gratuities

235

(8)

On-Duty Use of Drugs and Alcohol

243

(1)

Graft

244

(1)

Sexual Harassment and Assault

245

(2)

Criminal Cops

247

(2)

Excessive Force

249

(10)

Culture of Force

253

(1)

Research on Excessive Force

254

(3)

Deadly Force

257

(1)

Summary

258

(1)

A Worldwide Problem

259

(5)

Measures of Corruption

262

(2)

Explanations of Deviance

264

(3)

Individual Explanations

264

(1)

Organizational Explanations

265

(1)

Societal Explanations

266

(1)

Conclusion

267

(1)

Key Terms

267

(1)

Review Questions

268

(1)

Discussion Questions

268

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

268

(2)

Suggested Readings

270

(3)

9 Noble-Cause Corruption

273

(44)

Introduction

274

(2)

Investigation

276

(14)

Proactive Investigations

277

(3)

Police and the Media

280

(1)

The Use of Undercover Officers

280

(4)

The Use of Informants

284

(2)

Justifications for Undercover Operations

286

(4)

Interrogation

290

(4)

Loyalty and Whistleblowing

294

(6)

Teleological Arguments

296

(1)

Deontological Arguments

297

(1)

Loyalty

297

(1)

Sanctions Against Whistleblowers

298

(2)

Reducing Corruption

300

(12)

Education and Training

301

(2)

Integrity Testing

303

(2)

Internal Affairs and Civilian Review/Complaint Boards

305

(1)

Early Warning or Audit Systems

305

(2)

Other Methods

307

(1)

Ethical Leadership

308

(4)

Conclusion

312

(1)

Key Terms

312

(1)

Review Questions

312

(1)

Discussion Questions

313

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

313

(2)

Suggested Readings

315

(2)

10 Ethics and Legal Professionals

317

(40)

First, Let's Kill All the Lawyers

318

(2)

Ethical Issues for Legal Professionals

320

(6)

The Attorney–Client Relationship

322

(1)

Legal Agent Versus Moral Agent?

323

(2)

A Higher Standard of Behavior?

325

(1)

Ethical Issues for Defense Attorneys

326

(11)

Responsibility to the Client

328

(1)

Confidentiality

329

(4)

Conflicts of Interest

333

(1)

Zealous Defense

334

(3)

Ethical Issues for Prosecutors

337

(15)

Use of Discretion

337

(3)

Conflicts of Interest

340

(1)

Plea Bargaining

341

(2)

Media Relations

343

(1)

Expert Witnesses

344

(4)

Zealous Prosecution

348

(1)

Prosecutorial Misconduct

349

(3)

Conclusion

352

(1)

Key Terms

352

(1)

Review Questions

352

(1)

Discussion Questions

353

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

354

(1)

Suggested Readings

355

(2)

11 Justice and Judicial Ethics

357

(30)

Perceptions of Judicial Processing

358

(4)

Ethical Issues for Judges

362

(8)

Ethical Guidelines

362

(1)

Use of Discretion

363

(4)

Judicial Misconduct

367

(3)

Justice on Trial?

370

(8)

Judicial Independence and the Constitution

378

(3)

Conclusion

381

(1)

Key Terms

382

(1)

Review Questions

382

(1)

Discussion Questions

383

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

383

(1)

Suggested Readings

384

(3)

12 The Ethics of Punishment and Corrections

387

(32)

Rationales for Punishment and Corrections

389

(11)

Retribution

391

(3)

Prevention

394

(6)

Ethical Frameworks for Corrections

400

(4)

Utilitarianism

400

(2)

Ethical Formalism

402

(1)

Ethics of Care

403

(1)

Rawlsian Ethics

404

(1)

Punishment

404

(5)

Humane Punishment

405

(1)

Capital Punishment

406

(3)

Private Corrections

409

(4)

Conclusion

413

(1)

Key Terms

414

(1)

Review Questions

414

(1)

Discussion Questions

415

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

415

(1)

Suggested Readings

416

(3)

13 Ethics and Institutional Corrections

419

(38)

Correctional Professionals

420

(1)

Correctional Officers

421

(21)

The Correctional Officer Subculture

424

(2)

Relationships with Inmates

426

(3)

General Conduct and the "Good Officer"

429

(2)

Use of Force

431

(2)

Corruption

433

(4)

Loyalty and Whistleblowing

437

(2)

Jail Officers

439

(3)

Treatment Staff

442

(3)

Management Issues

445

(8)

Correctional Management and the Courts

446

(2)

Correctional Management and Unions

448

(1)

Cross-Sex Supervision

448

(3)

The Use of Supermax Prisons

451

(1)

Abu Ghraib: A Prison by Any Other Name

452

(1)

Conclusion

453

(1)

Key Terms

453

(1)

Review Questions

454

(1)

Discussion Questions

454

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

454

(1)

Suggested Readings

455

(2)

14 Ethics and Community Corrections

457

(24)

The Concept of Community Corrections

458

(2)

Probation and Parole Officers

460

(8)

The Use of Discretion

460

(2)

The Probation/Parole Officer Subculture

462

(2)

Caseload Supervision

464

(2)

Corruption

466

(1)

Parole

467

(1)

A New Paradigm of Corrections?

468

(3)

Reintegrative Shaming Versus Stigmatizing Shaming

471

(5)

Ethical Issues in Restorative Justice

473

(2)

Conclusion

475

(1)

Key Terms

476

(1)

Review Questions

476

(1)

Discussion Questions

477

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

478

(1)

Suggested Readings

479

(2)

15 Ethical Choices and the "War on Terror"

481

(22)

The Threat of Terrorism

482

(8)

The "Just War" Debate

483

(1)

The Response to 9/11

484

(6)

Crime Control and "Means—End" Thinking

490

(3)

Crime Control, Human Rights, and the War on Terror

493

(6)

A License to Commit Crime?

496

(3)

Conclusion

499

(1)

Key Terms

500

(1)

Review Questions

500

(1)

Discussion Questions

501

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

501

(1)

Suggested Readings

502

(1)

Bibliography

503

(24)

Name Index

527

(6)

Subject Index

533

(4)

Table of Cases

537

Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

9780495093435

0495093432

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

Ethical Dilemmas And Decisions In Criminal Justice

9780495093435

0495093432

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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