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Essentials of Sociology : A Down-to-Earth Approach
- ISBN 13:
9780205763122
- ISBN 10:
020576312X
- Edition: 9th
- Format: Paperback
- Copyright: 09/13/2010
- Publisher: Pearson
- Newer Edition
Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)
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Summary
Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach is heralded by students and instructors alike as the most friendly and inviting introduction to sociology available. James Henslin guides students on an intellectual voyage through the sociological imagination, helping them better understanding both themselves and their world. With humor, personal reflection and illuminating examples, he shares with readers his passion for sociology.
Six central themes run throughout the text: down-to-earth sociology, globalization, cultural diversity, critical thinking, the new technology and the influence of mass media on everyday life. Each of these themes is reflected in the central narrative, in boxed features throughout the text and in MySocLab. Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 9th edition is the first edition of Henslin's to feature integration with MySocLab.
MySocLab now features diagnostic quizzing, Social Explorer activities, The Way We Live video actitivies, links to The Social Lens blog, and over 100 primary source readings.
Author Biography
Read moreTable of Contents
Read moreIN THIS SECTION :
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Part I The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 2 Culture
Chapter 3 Socialization
Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction
Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control
Chapter 7 Global Stratification
Chapter 8 Social Class in the United States
Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity
Chapter 10 Gender and Age
Chapter 11 Politics and the Economy
Chapter 12 Marriage and Family
Chapter 13 Education and Religion
Chapter 14 Population and Urbanization
Chapter 15 Social Change and the Environment
Epilogue: Why Major in Sociology?
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS :
Part I The Sociological Perspective
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective
The Sociological Perspective
Seeing the Broader Social Context
The Global Context — and the Local
Origins of Sociology
Tradition Versus Science
Auguste Comte and Positivism
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism
Karl Marx and Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim and Social Integration
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
Sociology in North America
Sexism and Early Female Sociologists
Racism at the Time: W.E.B. Du Bois
Down-to-Earth Sociology: W.E.B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk
Jane Addams and Social Reform
Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory Versus Reform
The Continuing Tension: Basic, Applied, and Public Sociology
D own-to-Earth Sociology: Careers in Sociology: What Applied Sociologists Do
Cultural Diversity in the United States:
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Symbolic Interactionism
Functional Analysis
Conflict Theory
Putting the Theoretical Perspectives Together
Levels of Analysis: Macro and Micro
How Theory and Research Work Together
Doing Sociological Research
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Enjoying A Sociology Quiz: Sociological Findings Versus Common Sense A Research Model
Research
Surveys
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Loading the Dice: How Not to Do Research
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Gang Leader for a Day: Adventures of a Rogue Sociologist
Case Studies
Secondary Analysis
Documents
Experiments
Unobtrusive Measures
Gender in Sociological Research
Ethics and Values in Sociological Research
Ethics: Protecting the Subjects — The Brajuha Research
Ethics: Misleading the Subjects — The Humphreys Research
Values and Controversy in Research
Summary and Review
Chapter 2 Culture
What Is Culture?
Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Culture Shock: The Arrival of the Hmong
Practicing Cultural Relativism
Cultural Diversity Around the World: You Are What You Eat? An Exploration in Cultural Relativity
Components of Symbolic Culture
Gestures
Language
C ultural Diversity in the United States: Miami–Continuing Controversy Over Language
Language and Perception: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Race and Language: Searching for Self-Labels
Values, Norms, and Sanctions
Folkways and Mores
Many Cultural Worlds
Subcultures
Down-to-Earth Sociology: 2-D: A New Subculture and a Different Kind of Love
Countercultures
Values in U.S. Society
An Overview of U.S. Values
Value Clusters
Value Contradictions
Emerging Values
Culture Wars: When Values Clash
Values as Distorting Lens
“Ideal” Versus “Real” Culture
Technology in the Global Village
The New Technology
Cultural Lag and Cultural Change
Technology and Cultural Leveling
Summary and Review
Chapter 3 Socialization
Society Makes Us Human
Down-to-Earth Sociology:Heredity or Environment? The Case of Jack and Oscar, Identical Twins
Feral Children
Isolated Children
Institutionalized Children
Deprived Animals
Socialization into the Self and Mind
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
Mead and Role Taking
Piaget and the Development of Reasoning
Global Aspects of the Self and Reasoning
Learning Personality, Emotions, and Internal Control
Freud and the Development of Personality
Socialization into Emotions
Society Within Us: The Self and Emotions as Social Control
Socialization into Gender
Learning the Gender Map
Gender Messages in the Family
C ultural Diversity Around the World: Women Becoming Men: The Sworn Virgins
Gender Messages From Peers
Gender Messages in the Mass Media
Mass Media in Social Life: Lara Croft, Tomb Raider: Changing Images of Women in the Mass Media
Agents of Socialization
The Family
The Neighborhood
Religion
Day Care
The School and Peer Groups
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Immigrants and Their Children: Caught Between Two Worlds
The Workplace
Resocialization
Total Institutions
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Boot Camp as a Total Institution
Socialization Through the Life Course
Childhood (from birth to about age 12)
Adolescence (ages 13-17)
Transitional Adulthood (ages 18-29)
The Middle Years (ages 30-65)
The Older Years (about 65 on)
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?
Summary and Review
Chapter 4 Social Structure and Social Interaction
Levels of Sociological Analysis
Macrosociology and Microsociology
The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure
The Sociological Significance of Social Structure
Down-to-Earth Sociology:College Football as Social Structure
Culture
Social Class
Social Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institutions
Societies — and Their Tranformation
Sociology and the New Technology: Avatar Fantasy Life: The Blurring Lines of Reality
What Hold Society Together?
C ultural Diversity in the United States: The Amish: G emeinschaft Community in a Gesellschaft Society
The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Symbolic Interaction
Down to Earth Sociology: Looks: The Last Frontier of Socially Acceptable Discrimination?
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep, But Its Effects Go On Forever
Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
Mass Media in Social Life:You Can’t Be Thin Enough: Body Images and the Mass Media
Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions
The Social Construction of Reality
The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology
Through the Author's Lens: When a Tornado Strikes
Summary and Review
Chapter 5 Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Groups Within Society
Primary Groups
Seconary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Social Networks
New Group: Electronic Communities
Bureaucracies
The Characteristics of Bureaucracies
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The McDonaldization of Society
Goal Displacement and the Perpetuation of Bureaucracies
Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Group Pranking: Escaping the Boredom of Bureaucracy?
Working for the Corporation
Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes in the “Hidden” Corporate Culture
T hinking Critically: Managing Diversity in the Workplace
Group Dynamics
Effects on Group Size on Stability and Intimacy
Effects on Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior
Leadership
The Power of Peer Pressure: The Asch Experiment
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Power of Cascades: When Error Escalates
The Power of Authority: The Milgram Experiment
Thinking Critically:If Hitler Asked You to Execute a Stranger, Would You? The Milgram Experiment
Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink
Summary and Review
Chapter 6 Deviance and Social Control
What Is Deviance?
Cultural Diversity Around the World:Human Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
How Norms Make Social Life Possible
Sanctions
Competing Explanations of Deviance: Sociobiology, Psychology, and Sociology
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Differential Association Theory
Control Theory
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Shaming: Making a Comeback? Labeling Theory
Mass Media in Social Life:Pornography and the Mainstream: Freedom Versus Censorship
The Functionalist Perspective
Can Deviance Really Be Functional for Society?
Strain Theory: How Social Values Produce Deviance
Illegitimate Opportunity Structures: Social Class and Crime
Down-to-Earth Sociology:Islands in the Street: Urban Gangs in the United States
The Conflict Perspective
The Law as an Instrument of Oppression
Reactions to Deviance
Cultural Diversity Around the World: What Kind of Prison Is This?
Street Crime and Prisons
T hinking Critically:“Three Strikes and You're Out!” Unintended Consequences of Well-Intended Laws
The Decline in Crime
Recidivism
The Death Penalty and Bias
Down-to-Earth Sociology:The Killer Next Door: Serial Murderers in Our Midst
Legal Change
T hinking Critically:Changing Views: Making Hate a Crime
The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness
The Need for a More Humane Approach
Summary and Review
Chapter 7 Global Stratification
Systems of Social Stratification
Slavery
Mass Media in Social Life:What Price Freedom? Slavery Today
Caste
Estate
Class
Global Stratification and the Status of Females
The Global Superclass
What Determines Social Class?
Karl Marx: The Means of Production
Max Weber: Property, Power, and Prestige
Why Is Social Stratification Universal?
The Functionalist View: Motivating Qualified People
The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce
Resources
Lenski's Synthesis
How Do Elites Maintain Stratification?
Soft Control Versus Force
Comparative Social Stratification
Social Stratification in Great Britain
Social Stratification in the Former Soviet Union
Global Stratification: Three Worlds
The Most Industrialized Nations
The Industrializing Nations
Thin king Critically:Open Season: Children As Prey
The Least Industrialized Nations
Through the Author's Lens: The Dump People: Working and Living and Playing in the City Dump of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
How Did the World's Nations Become Stratified?
Colonialism
World System Theory
T hinking Critically:When Globalization Comes Home: Maquiladoras South of the Border
Culture of Poverty
Evaluating the Theories
Maintaining Global Stratification
Neocolonialism
Multinational Corporations
Technology and Global Domination
Strains in the Global System
Summary and Review
Chapter 8 Social Class in the United States
What Is Social Class?
Property
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Super-Rich Live
Power
Prestige
Status Inconsistency
Down-to-Earth Sociology:The Big Win: Life After the
Lottery
Sociological Models of Social Class
Updating Marx
Updating Weber
Consequences of Social Class
Physical Health
Mental Health
T hinking Critically: Mental Illness and Inequality in Medical Care
Family Life
Education
Religion
Politics
Crime and the Criminal Justice
Social Mobility
Three Types of Social Mobility
Cultural Diversity in the United States:Social Class and the Upward Mobility of African Americans Women in Studies of Social
Mobility
Poverty
Drawing the Poverty Line
Do wn-to-Earth Sociology: Taking Another Fun Quiz: Exploring Stereotypes About the Poor
Who Are the Poor?
Children of Poverty
T hinking Critically: The Nation's Shame: Children in
Poverty
The Dynamics of Poverty
Why Are People Poor?
Welfare Reform
Where Is Horatio Alger? The Social Functions of a Myth
Summary and Review
Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity
Laying the Sociological Foundation
Race: Myth and Reality
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Tiger Woods: Mapping the Changing Ethnic Terrain
Ethnic Groups
Minority Groups and Dominant Groups
How People Construct Their Racial-Ethnic Identity
Prejudice and Discrimination
Learning Prejudice
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Racist Mind
Individual and Institutional Discrimination
Theories of Prejudice
Psychological Perspectives
Sociological Perspectives
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Man in the Zoo
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Genocide
Population Transfer
Internal Colonialism
Segregation
Assimilation
Multiculturalism (Pluralism)
Racial-Ethnic Relations in the United States
European Americans
Latinos (Hispanics)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Illegal Travel Guide
African Americans
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Stealth Racism in the Rental Market: What You Reveal by Your Voice
Asian Americans
Native Americans
Looking Toward the Future
The Immigration Debate
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Glimpsing the Future: The Shifting U.S. Racial-Ethnic Mix
Summary and Review
Chapter 10 Gender and Age
INEQUALITIES OF GENDER [SUPER A HEAD]
Issues of Sex and Gender
Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture?
Opening the Door to Biology
Gender Inequality in Global Perspective
Through the Author's Lens: Work and Gender: Women at Work in India
Mass Media in Social Life: Women in Iran: The Times Are Changing, Ever So Slowly
The Origins of Patriarchy
Global Violence Against Women
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Female Circumcision
Gender Inequality in the United States
Fighting Back: The Rise of Feminism
Gender Inequality in Health Care
D own-to-Earth Sociology: Cold-Hearted Surgeons and Their Women Victims
Gender Inequality in Education
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Affirmative Action for Men
Gender Inequality in the Workplace
Sexual Harassment–and Worse
Violence Against Women
The Changing Face of Politics
Glimpsing the Future–With Hope
INEQUALITIES OF AGING [SUPER A HEAD]
Aging in Global Perspective
The Social Construction of Aging
Industrialization and the Graying of the Globe
The Graying of America
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Shifting Meanings of Growing Old
The Influence of the Mass Media
Mass Media in Social Life: Shaping Our Perceptions of the Elderly
The Functionalist Perspective
Disengagement Theory
Activity Theory
Continuity Theory
The Conflict Perspective
Fighting for Resources: Social Security Legislation
Intergenerational Competition and Conflict
Do wn-to-Earth Sociology: Senior Citizen Discounts: Stirrings of Resentment
Looking Toward the Future
New Views of Aging
Summary and Review
Chapter 11 Politics and the Economy
POLITICS: ESTABLISHING LEADERSHIP [SUPER A HEAD]
Power, Authority, and Violence
Authority and Legitimate Violence
Traditional Authority
Rational-Legal Authority
Charismatic Authority
The Transfer of Authority
Types of Government
Monarchies: The Rise of the State
Democracies: Citizenship as a Revolutionary Idea
Dictatorships and Oligarchies: The Seizure of Power
The U.S. Political System
Political Parties and Elections
Voting Patterns
Lobbyists and Special-Interest Groups
Who Rules the United States?
The Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism
The Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite
Which View is Right?
War and Terrorism: Implementing Political Objectives
Why Nations Go to War
Terrorism
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Who Are the Suicide Terrorists? Testing Your Stereotypes
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Child Soldiers
THE ECONOMY: WORK IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE [SUPER A HEAD]
The Transformation of Economic Systems
Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality
Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine
Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age
Biotech Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics
Implications for Your Life
Cultural Diversity Around the World: The Child Workers
World Economic Systems
Capitalism
Socialism
Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism
Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism
The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism
Cultural Diversity Around the World: The New Capitalism in China
The Globalization of Capitalism
A New Global Structure and the Global Oppression of Workers
Through the Author’s Lens: Small Town USA
Stagnant Paychecks
The New Economic System and the Old Divisions of Wealth
The Global Superclass
A New World Order?
Trends Towards Unity
Strains in the Global System
Summary and Review
Chapter 12 Marriage and Family
Marriage and Family in Global Perspective
What Is a Family?
What Is Marriage?
Common Cultural Themes
Sociology and the New Technology: Finding a Mate: Not the Same as It Used to Be
Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective: Functions and Dysfunctions
The Conflict Perspective: Struggles Between Husbands and Wives
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Gender, Housework, and Child Care
The Family Life Cycle
Love and Courtship in Global Perspective
Marriage
Childbirth
Child Rearing
Family Transitions
Diversity in U.S. Families
African American Families
Latino Families
Asian American Families
Native American Families
One-Parent Families
Families Without Children
Blended Families
Gay and Lesbian Families
Trends in U.S. Families
Postponing Marriage and Childbirth
Cohabitation
Down-to-Earth Sociology: “You Want Us to Live Together? What Do You Mean By That?”
Divorce and Remarriage
Ways of Measuring Divorce
Down-to-Earth Sociology: “What Are Your Chances of Getting Divorced?”
Children of Divorce
Grandchildren of Divorce
The Absent Father and Serial Fatherhood
The Ex-Spouses
Remarriage
Two Sides of Family Life
The Dark Side of Family Life: Battering, Child Abuse, Marital Rape, and Incest
Down-to-Earth Sociology: “Why Doesn't She Just Leave?” The Dilemma of Abused Women
The Bright Side of Family Life: Successful Marriages
Symbolic Interactionism and the Misuse of Statistics
The Future of Marriage and Family
Summary and Review
Chapter 13 Education and Religion
EDUCATION: TRANSFERRING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS [SUPER A HEAD]
Education and Industrialization
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Community Colleges Old and New Education in the Most Industrialized Nations: Japan
Education in the Industrializing Nations: Russia
Education in the Least Industrialized Nations: Egypt
The Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits
Teaching Knowledge and Skills
Cultural Transmisssion of Values
Social Integration
Gatekeeping (Social Placement)
Replacing Family Functions
The Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality
The Hidden Curriculum
Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ
Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding
The Bottom Line: Family Background
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Teacher Expectations
The Rist Research
How Do Teacher Expectations Work?
Problems in U.S. Education–and Their Solutions
Mediocrity
Cheating
Violence
Mass Media in Social Life: School Shootings: Exploring a Myth
Technology and Education
Sociology and the New Technology: Internet University: No Walls, No Ivy, No All Night Parties
RELIGION: ESTABLISHING MEANING [SUPER A HEAD]
What Is Religion?
The Functionalist Perspective
Functions of Religion
Dysfunctions of Religion
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Religious Symbols
Rituals
Through the Author’s Lens: Holy Week in Spain
Beliefs
Religious Experience
The Conflict Perspective
Opium of the People
A Legitimation of Social Inequalities
Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism
Types of Religious Groups
Cult
Sect
Church
Ecclesia
Variations in Patterns
Religion in the United States
Characteristics of Members
Characteristics of Religious Groups
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Human Heads and Animal Blood: The Toleration of Religion
The Future of Religion
Mass Media in Social Life: God on the Net: The Online Marketing of Religion
Summary and Review
Chapter 14 Population and Urbanization
POPULATION IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE [SUPER A HEAD]
A Planet with No Space for Enjoying Life?
The New Malthusians
The Anti-Malthusians
Who Is Correct?
Why Are People Starving?
Population Growth
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the 2004 Tsunami Can Help Us to Understand Population Growth
Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children
Implications of Different Rates of Growth
The Three Demographic Variables
Problems in Forecasting Population Growth
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Killing Little Girls: An Ancient and Thriving Practice
URBANIZATION [SUPER A HEAD]
Through the Author's Lens: A Walk Through El Tiro in Medellin, Columbia
The Development of Cities
The Process of Urbanization
U.S. Urban Patterns
D own-to-Earth Sociology: Reclaiming Harlem: A Twist in the Invasion — Succession Cycle
The Rural Rebound
Models of Urban Growth
The Concentric-Zone Model
The Sector Model
The Multiple-Nuclei Model
The Peripheral Model
Critique of the Models
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Why City Slums Are Better Than the Country: Urbanization in the Least Industrialized
Nations
City Life
Community in the City
Who Lives in the City?
The Norm of Noninvolvement and the Diffusion of Responsibility
Urban Problems and Social Policy
Surburbanization
Disinvestment and Deindustrialization
The Potential of Urban Revitalization
Summary and Review
Chapter 15 Social Change and the Environment
How Social Change Transforms Social Life
The Four Social Revolutions
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft
The Industrialization Revolution and Capitalism
Conflict, Power, and Global Politics
Theories and Processes of Social Change
Evolution From Lower to Higher
Natural Cycles
Conflict Over Power
Ogburn's Theory
How Technology Changes Society
The Social Significance of Technology
Sociology and the New Technology: From Electronic Toy to Political Weapon: Twittering in the Digital Age
Social Movements as a Source of Social Change
Types of Social Movements
Propaganda and the Mass Media
Down-to-Earth Sociology: “The Tricks of the Trade” — Deception and Persuasion in Propaganda
The Stages of Social Movements
Resurgence
Thinking Critically: Which Side of the Barricades? Prochoice and Prolife as a Social Movement
The Growth Machine Versus the Earth
Environmental Problems in the Most Industrialized Nations
Environmental Problems in the Industrializing and Least Industrialized Nations
Cultural Diversity Around the World: The Rainforests: Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge
The Environmental Movement
Thinking Critically: Ecosabatage
Environmental Sociology
Summary and Review
Epilogue: Why Major in Sociology?
