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Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

by: Szklo, Moyses

Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

by: Szklo, Moyses

ISBN 13:
9780834206182
ISBN 10:
0834206188
Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 10/01/1999
Publisher: JONES & BARTLETT PUB
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Summary

Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Intermediate text discussing key epidemiologic concepts and basic methods. For students and epidemiologists. Topics include cohort and nested case-control studies, birth cohort analysis, ecological studies, cumulative incidence, measures of association, confounding, and interaction. Expanded-outline format. Softcover.

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I---INTRODUCTION

(52)

Basic Study Designs in Analytical Epidemiology

(50)

Introduction: Descriptive and Analytical Epidemiology

(1)

Analysis of Age, Birth Cohort, and Period Effects

(13)

Ecologic Studies

(6)

Studies Based on Individuals as Observation Units

(30)

PART II---MEASURES OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE AND ASSOCIATION

(70)

Measuring Disease Occurrence

(36)

Introduction: Basic Elements of Epidemiologic Inference---Defining and Counting Disease Outcomes

(3)

Measures of Incidence

(27)

Measures of Prevalence

(2)

Odds

(4)

Measuring Associations Between Exposures and Outcomes

(32)

Introduction

(1)

Measuring Associations in a Cohort Study

(14)

Cross-Sectional Studies: Point Prevalence Rate Ratio

105

(1)

Measuring Associations in Case-Control Studies

106

(12)

Assessing the Strength of Associations

118

(5)

PART III---THREATS TO VALIDITY AND ISSUES OF INTERPRETATION

123

(132)

Understanding Lack of Validity: Bias

125

(52)

Overview

125

(3)

Selection Bias

128

(7)

Information Bias

135

(18)

Combined Selection/Information Biases

153

(16)

Biases in Reporting Study Results: Publication Bias

169

(8)

Identifying Noncausal Associations: Confounding

177

(34)

Introduction

177

(3)

The Nature of the Association Between the Confounder, the Exposure, and the Outcome

180

(10)

Assessing the Presence of Confounding

190

(7)

Additional Issues Related to Confounding

197

(12)

Conclusion

209

(2)

Defining and Assessing Heterogeneity of Effects: Interaction

211

(44)

Introduction

211

(1)

How Is Effect Measured?

212

(1)

Strategies To Evaluate Interaction

213

(10)

Assessment of Interaction in Case-Control Studies

223

(10)

More on the Interchangeability of the Definitions of Interaction

233

(2)

Which Is the Relevant Model: Additive Versus Multiplicative Interaction?

235

(2)

The Nature and Reciprocity of Interaction

237

(4)

Interaction, Confounding Effect, and Adjustment

241

(2)

Statistical Modeling and Statistical Tests for Interaction

243

(1)

Interpreting Interaction

243

(6)

Interaction and Search for New Risk Factors in Low-Risk Groups

249

(2)

Interaction and ``Representativeness'' of Associations

251

(4)

PART IV---DEALING WITH THREATS TO VALIDITY

255

(150)

Stratification and Adjustment: Multivariate Analysis in Epidemiology

257

(86)

Introduction

257

(1)

Stratification and Adjustment Techniques To Disentangle Confounding

258

(7)

Adjustment Methods Based on Stratification

265

(15)

Multiple Regression Techniques for Adjustment

280

(48)

Incomplete Adjustment: Residual Confounding

328

(3)

Overadjustment

331

(2)

Conclusion

333

(10)

Quality Assurance and Control

343

(62)

Introduction

343

(1)

Quality Assurance

344

(6)

Quality Control

350

(12)

Indices of Validity and Reliability

362

(39)

Regression to the Mean

401

(4)

PART V---ISSUES OF REPORTING

405

(26)

Communicating Results of Epidemiologic Studies

407

(24)

Introduction

407

(1)

What To Report

407

(6)

How To Report

413

(16)

Conclusion

429

(2)

Appendix A---Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and Hypothesis Testing for Selected Measures of Risk and Measures of Association

431

(28)

Appendix B---Test for Trend (Dose Response)

459

(4)

Appendix C---Test of Homogeneity of Stratified Estimates (Test for Interaction)

463

(4)

Appendix D---Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures Manual for Blood Pressure Measurement and Blood/Urine Collection in the ARIC Study

467

(12)

Appendix E---Calculation of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient

479

(4)

Index

483

(12)

About the Authors

495

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

9780834206182

0834206188

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

Epidemiology : Beyond the Basics

9780834206182

0834206188

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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