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Crisis Intervention Strategies

by: James, Richard K.

Crisis Intervention Strategies

by: James, Richard K.

ISBN 13:
9780534265946
ISBN 10:
0534265944
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 09/01/2000
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Summary

In his new edition of their best-seller, Richard K. James and Burl E. Gilliland present the latest research, theories, and techniques of this rapidly evolving field, along with case material based on real crisis situations. This unique combination gives s

PART ONE Crisis Intervention Theory and Application

(127)

Approaching Crisis Intervention

(28)

Definitions of Crisis

(1)

Characteristics of Crisis

(2)

Presence of Both Danger and Opportunity

(1)

Complicated Symptomology

(1)

Seeds of Growth and Change

(1)

No Panaceas or Quick Fixes

(1)

The Necessity of Choice

(1)

Universality and Idiosyncrasy

(1)

Applied Crisis Domains

(1)

Developmental Crises

(1)

Situational Crises

(1)

Existential Crises

(1)

Environmental Crises

(1)

Transcrisis States

(2)

Theories of Crisis and Crisis Intervention

(5)

Basic Crisis Intervention

(1)

Expanded Crisis Theory

(3)

Ecosystem Theory

(1)

Electronic Media Impact

(1)

Systemic Interdependency

(1)

A Macrosystemic Approach

(1)

Crisis Intervention Models

(2)

The Equilibrium Models

(1)

The Cognitive Model

(1)

The Psychosocial Transition Model

(1)

Eclectic Crisis Intervention Theory

(1)

Characteristics of Effective Crisis Workers

(4)

Life Experiences

(1)

Professional Skills

(1)

Poise

(1)

Creativity and Flexibility

(1)

Energy

(1)

Quick Mental Reflexes

(1)

Other Characteristics

(1)

Crises and the Personhood of Crisis Workers

(1)

Multicultural Perspectives in Crisis Intervention

(5)

Culturally Biased Assumptions

(2)

Culturally Effective Helping

(1)

Multicultural Issues in Outreach

(1)

Summary

(2)

References

(3)

Basic Crisis Intervention Skills

(50)

Introduction

(1)

The Six-Step Model of Crisis Intervention

(2)

Assessing

(1)

Listening

(1)

Defining the Problem

(1)

Ensuring Client Safety

(1)

Providing Support

(1)

Acting

(1)

Examing Alternatives

(1)

Making Plans

(1)

Obtaining Commitment

(1)

Assessment in Crisis Intervention

(3)

Assessing Client Functioning

(1)

Assessing in Crisis Intervention

(1)

Assessing the Severity of Crisis

(1)

The Triage Assessment System

(5)

Psychobiological Assessment

(1)

Assessing the Client's Current Emotional Functioning

(2)

Client's Current Acute or Chronic State

(1)

Client's Reservoir of Emotional Strength

(1)

Strategies for Assessing Emotional Status

(1)

Assessing Alternatives, Coping Mechanisms, and Support Systems

(1)

Assessing for Suicide/Homicide Potential

(1)

Summary of Assessment

(1)

Listening in Crisis Intervention

(13)

Open-Ended Questions

(1)

Closed-Ended Questions

(1)

Owning Feelings

(2)

Climate of Human Growth

(1)

Communicating Empathy

(3)

Communicating Genuineness

(2)

Communicating Acceptance

(1)

Facilitative Listening

(3)

Acting in Crisis Intervention

(8)

Collaborative Counseling

(1)

Nondirective Counseling

(1)

Directive Counseling

(1)

Action Strategies for Crisis Workers

(6)

Summary

(11)

References

(2)

Crisis Case Handling

(46)

Handling Crisis Cases Versus Long-Term Cases

(4)

Comparing What Crisis Workers and Long-Term Therapists Do

(1)

Comparison of Principles, Objectives, Client Functioning, and Assessment

(3)

Case Handling on Telephone Crisis Lines

(18)

The Telephone as a Crisis Tool

(2)

Telephone Counseling Strategies

(5)

Regular, Severely Disturbed, and Abusive Callers

(3)

Handling the Severely Disturbed Caller

(4)

Other Problem Callers

(4)

Case Handling at Walk-In Crisis Facilities

103

(5)

Types of Presenting Crises

103

(2)

Case Handling at a Community Mental Health Clinic

105

(3)

Transcrisis Handling in Long-Term Therapy

108

(8)

Anxiety Reactions

108

(1)

Regression

109

(1)

Problems of Termination

110

(1)

Crisis in the Therapy Session

110

(1)

Psychotic Breaks

111

(1)

Manipulative Clients

112

(1)

Borderline Patients

113

(3)

Counseling Difficult Clients

116

(2)

Ground Rules for Counseling Difficult Clients

116

(1)

Confronting Difficult Clients

117

(1)

Confidentiality in Case Handling

118

(5)

Principles Bearing on Confidentiality

118

(1)

The Intent to Harm and the Duty to Warm

119

(3)

Legal, Ethical, and Moral Issues of Telephone Counseling

122

(1)

Summary

123

(1)

References

124

(3)

PART TWO Handling Specific Crises: Going into the Trenches

127

(342)

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

129

(66)

Background

129

(3)

Dynamics of PTSD

132

(4)

Diagnostic Categorization

132

(1)

Conflicting Diagnoses

133

(1)

The Question of Preexisting Psychopathology

134

(1)

Physiological Responses

135

(1)

Affective-State-Dependent Retention

136

(1)

Incidence, Impact, and Trauma Type

136

(8)

Incidence

136

(1)

Residual Impact

137

(1)

Importance of Trauma Type

137

(1)

Vietnam: The Archetype

138

(3)

Intrusive-Repetitive Ideation

141

(1)

Denial/Numbing

141

(1)

Increased Nervous Symptom Arousal

142

(1)

Dissociation

143

(1)

Family Responses

143

(1)

Maladaptive Patterns Characteristic of PTSD

144

(2)

Treatment of Adults

146

(16)

Assessment

146

(4)

Phases of Recovery

150

(1)

Initiating Intervention

150

(1)

Importance of Acceptance

151

(1)

Risks of Treatment

152

(1)

Individual Intervention

153

(1)

Emergency/Outcry

154

(1)

Extinguishing Intrusive Images

155

(1)

Numbing/Denial

155

(3)

Reflection and Transition

158

(3)

Integration

161

(1)

Group Treatment

162

(9)

The Life Adjustment Group

170

(1)

Family Treatment

170

(1)

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

171

(4)

Children and PTSD

175

(8)

Intervention Strategies

179

(2)

Therapy

181

(1)

Moving Beyond the Trauma

182

(1)

Summary

183

(2)

Resources

185

(1)

References

185

(10)

Crisis of Lethality

195

(34)

Background

195

(2)

The Many Faces of Lethality

195

(1)

The Scope of the Suicide Crisis

196

(1)

Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Terminal Illness

196

(1)

The Dynamics of Suicide

197

(3)

Characteristics of People Who Commit Suicide

197

(1)

Similarities Between Suicide and Homicide

198

(1)

Analyzing Suicide/Homicide Notes for Commonalities Between Suicide and Homicide

198

(2)

Myths About Suicide

200

(1)

Assessment Areas

201

(4)

Risk Factors

201

(2)

Suicide Clues

203

(1)

Cries for Help

203

(1)

Using the Triage Assessment Form in Addressing Lethality

204

(1)

Counseling Suicidal Clients

205

(8)

Developmental Crisis Counseling: Adult Age-Specific Examples

205

(8)

Intervention Strategies

213

(7)

Adults

213

(3)

Older Adults

216

(1)

Prevention

217

(1)

It's Everyone's Concern

217

(1)

Educating for Prevention

218

(1)

Four Methods of Prevention

218

(1)

When Prevention Fails

218

(1)

Psychological Autopsy: A Postvention Technique

218

(2)

When Crisis Intervention Fails

220

(2)

Worker Stress and Grief After Losing a Client

220

(1)

The Unique Nature of Grief over Suicide

221

(1)

Summary

222

(3)

Resources

225

(1)

References

226

(3)

Sexual Assault

229

(53)

Background

229

(1)

Rape, Sexual Abuse, and Assault: The Scope of the Problem

229

(1)

The Unique Situation of Sexual Abuse Survivours

229

(1)

Sexual Assault: A Pervasive Crime

230

(1)

Defining Rape

230

(1)

Fundamental Assumptions Regarding Rape and Sexual Abuse

230

(6)

The Dynamics of Rape

232

(2)

Myths About Rape

234

(2)

Long-Term Consequences of Sexual Abuse of Children

236

(7)

Psychological Trauma and Sequelae

236

(4)

Phases of Child Sexual Abuse

240

(1)

Pervasiveness, Blame, and Prediction in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

241

(2)

Date and Acquaintance Rape

243

(2)

Dominant Perspectives on Date and Acquaintance Rape

243

(1)

Date Rape Risk

243

(1)

Preventing Date, Acquaintance, and Other Forms of Rape

244

(1)

Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Childhood

245

(1)

Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Families

246

(1)

Intergenerational Transmission of Sexual Abuse

246

(1)

Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse

247

(1)

False Memories

247

(1)

Doubts and Controversy

247

(1)

Intervention Strategies with Children

248

(3)

Individual Therapy for Children

248

(1)

Affirmation and Safety Needed

249

(1)

Regaining a Sense of Control

250

(1)

Education

250

(1)

Prevention

251

(1)

Intervention Strategies for Rape and Battery: The Case of Jeanette

251

(3)

Immediate Aftermath

251

(1)

The Following Three Months

252

(2)

Intervention Strategies for Child Sexual Abuse: The Case of Susie

254

(9)

Disclosure

254

(1)

Immediate Aftermath

255

(2)

Interviewing the Child

257

(2)

Preparing the Child for Testimony

259

(1)

Aftermath

259

(1)

Counseling

260

(1)

Boundary Issues

261

(1)

Home Visits

262

(1)

Preventing Revictimization

262

(1)

Treatment of Offenders

263

(1)

Support and Therapy Groups for Adult Survivors

263

(1)

Intervention Strategies for Adult Survivors: The Case of Pearl

264

(7)

Assessment

265

(1)

Treatment of Adults

266

(1)

Discovery and Admission

266

(1)

Psychoeducation

267

(1)

Validation

267

(1)

Extinguishing Trauma

268

(1)

Cognitive Restructuring

269

(1)

Catharsis

270

(1)

Grief Resolution

270

(1)

Changing Behavior Through Skill Building

271

(1)

Summary

271

(3)

Resources

274

(1)

References

275

(7)

Partner Violence

282

(61)

The Incidence of Domestic Violence

283

(1)

Emerging Approaches to Partner Violence

284

(2)

Dynamics of Partner Violence

286

(10)

Psychosocial and Cultural Dynamics

286

(4)

Psychological Factors

290

(1)

Stressors

291

(1)

Myths About Battering

292

(1)

Profiling the Batterer

293

(1)

The Cycle of Violence

294

(1)

Realities for Abused Women

295

(1)

Intervention Strategies

296

(12)

Assessment

296

(3)

Components of Intervention

299

(9)

Shelters

308

(5)

Counseling Women at Shelters

308

(4)

Follow-Up

312

(1)

Intervention with Children

313

(1)

Courtship Violence

314

(1)

Gay and Lesbian Violence

315

(3)

Crisis Intervention Involving Gay and Lesbian Violence

316

(2)

Treating Batterers

318

(13)

Treatment Goals

319

(1)

Assessment

320

(1)

The Intake Interview

321

(1)

Motivation

322

(1)

A Typical 24-Session Anger Management Group

322

(7)

Program Success

329

(2)

If you Are in an Abusive Relationship

331

(1)

Summary

331

(3)

Resources

334

(1)

References

334

(9)

Chemical Dependency: The Crisis of Addiction

343

(77)

Sociocultural Determinants of Substance Abuse

344

(1)

Alcohol: Number One Abused Substance

345

(2)

Models of Addiction

347

(4)

The Model Controversy

349

(2)

Definitions of Commonly Used Terms

351

(2)

The Dynamics of Addiction

353

(6)

Defense Mechanisms

353

(3)

Enabling and Codependency

356

(3)

Children in Alcoholic Families

359

(8)

Family Rules in Alcoholic Families

361

(2)

Adult Children of Alcoholics

363

(4)

Multivariate Diagnosis

367

(1)

Intervention Strategies

368

(11)

Assessment

369

(6)

Crisis Points in Chemical Dependency Treatment

375

(3)

Detoxification

378

(1)

Principles of Treatment

379

(24)

Evolving Treatment Approaches

379

(3)

Treatment Goals

382

(1)

Treatment Protocol

383

(1)

Individual Therapy

383

(2)

The Treatment Group

385

(1)

Learning Relationship Skills

386

(1)

Accepting Responsibility

387

(1)

Getting Past Denial

388

(1)

Confrontation

389

(2)

Limit Testing

391

(1)

Treatment Secrets

391

(1)

Disrupting Irrational Mental Sets

392

(1)

Overcoming Environmental Cues That Lead to Drinking

393

(2)

Treating the Family

395

(5)

Aftercare

400

(2)

Relapse

402

(1)

Intervention with the ACOA

403

(5)

Assessment

404

(2)

Education

406

(1)

The Counseling Group

407

(1)

Pitfalls

407

(1)

Summary

408

(2)

Resources

410

(1)

References

410

(10)

Personal Loss: Bereavement and Grief

420

(49)

Dynamics of Bereavement

422

(1)

Cultural Dynamics

422

(1)

Sociocultural Mores

422

(1)

Conceptual Approaches to Bereavement

423

(4)

The Kubler-Ross Model: The Dying Patient's Stages of Grief

423

(2)

The Schneider Model: The Transformational Stages of Grief

425

(2)

A Counterpoint to Traditional Models: The Dutro Model

427

(1)

Types of Loss

427

(8)

Death of a Spouse

427

(1)

Death of a Child

428

(1)

Bereavement Following a Suicide

428

(1)

Bereavement in Childhood

429

(1)

Bereavement in Adolescence

430

(1)

Separation and Divorce

431

(1)

Death of a Pet

432

(1)

Bereavement in Elderly People

433

(1)

AIDS: A Modern Dilemma

434

(1)

Intervention Strategies

435

(26)

Clues for Identifying Grief Reaction

435

(2)

Applied Stages of Survivor Grief: An Operational Concept

437

(1)

The Crisis Worker's Own Grief

438

(1)

Death of a Spouse

439

(3)

Death of a Child

442

(3)

Bereavement Following a Suicide

445

(2)

Bereavement in Childhood

447

(2)

Bereavement in Adolescence

449

(2)

Separation and Divorce

451

(3)

Death of a Pet

454

(1)

Bereavement in Elderly People

455

(2)

Loss Related to HIV Infection and AIDS Disease

457

(2)

Bereavement in HIV-Infected Clients

459

(2)

Summary

461

(1)

Resources

462

(3)

References

465

(4)

PART THREE Crisis in the Human Services Workplace

469

(178)

Violent Behavior in Institutions

471

(44)

Precipitating Factors

471

(1)

Institutional Culpability

472

(1)

Staff Culpability

473

(1)

Legal Liability

473

(1)

Dynamics of Violence in Human Services Settings

474

(4)

Assessment

474

(1)

Bases for Violence

474

(4)

Intervention Strategies

478

(20)

Security Analysis and Planning

478

(2)

Training

480

(3)

Precautions in Dealing with the Physical Setting

483

(2)

Stages of Intervention

485

(13)

The Violent Geriatric Client

498

(9)

Mild Disorientation: The Case of Cliff

498

(7)

Severe Disorientation: The Case of Grace

505

(2)

Follow-Up with Staff Victims

507

(1)

Summary

508

(1)

Resources

509

(1)

References

509

(6)

Crises in Schools

515

(56)

The New-Millennium, Violence-Proof School Building

515

(3)

Gangs

518

(9)

Types of Gangs

518

(2)

Emergence of Suburban and Rural Gangs

520

(1)

What the Problems Are in School Systems

521

(1)

Gang Intervention/Prevention Programs

522

(2)

A Comprehensive Gang Prevention and Intervention Model Named SARA

524

(3)

The Estranged Violent Juvenile Offender

527

(10)

A Profile Comparison of Traits and Characteristics of SVJOs and EVJOs

527

(5)

Screening the EVJO

532

(1)

Interviewing the Potential EVJO

533

(3)

Acting

536

(1)

School-Based Suicide Prevention and Intervention

537

(10)

Myths of Child Suicide

537

(1)

Child and Adolescent Cases of Suicidal Ideation

538

(8)

Clustering of Suicides: Contagion

546

(1)

Legal and Ethical Issues of Potentially Violent Behavior

547

(2)

Planning for a Crisis

549

(4)

The Crisis Response Planning Committee

550

(1)

The Crisis Response Team (CRT)

551

(2)

Implementing the Crisis Plan

553

(5)

Physical Requirements

554

(1)

Logistics

554

(1)

Responding to the Crisis

555

(3)

Bereavement in Schools

558

(2)

Transcrisis Intervention

560

(3)

Summary

563

(2)

Resources

565

(1)

References

565

(6)

Hostage Crises

571

(38)

Dynamics of Hostage Taking

572

(10)

Types of Hostage Takers

572

(1)

The Mentally Disturbed

573

(5)

Stages and Dynamics of a Hostage Situation

578

(4)

Intervention Strategies

582

(14)

Communication Techniques

582

(1)

Containing the Scene

583

(1)

Gathering Information

583

(1)

Stabilizing the Situation

584

(2)

Persuading the Hostages Taker to Give Up

586

(3)

Negotiating in a Hostage Situation: The Case of James

589

(6)

The Crisis Worker as Consultant

595

(1)

If You Are Put in the Role of Negotiator

596

(1)

If You Are Held Hostage

596

(2)

Intervention After Release

598

(6)

Crisis Intervention with Hostage Survivors

601

(3)

Summary

604

(2)

Resource

606

(1)

References

607

(2)

Human Services Workers in Crisis: Burnout

609

(38)

Helping Professionals: Prime Candidates

609

(1)

Defining Burnout

610

(1)

Dynamics of Burnout

611

(1)

Cornerstones of Burnout

612

(1)

Research on Burnout Dynamics

613

(1)

Myths That Engender Burnout

614

(1)

Symptoms of Burnout

615

(1)

Levels of Burnout

615

(2)

Stages of Burnout

617

(1)

Worker-Client Relationships and Burnout

618

(2)

Countertransference

618

(1)

Vicarious Traumatization/Compassion Fatigue

619

(1)

The Culpability of Organizations

620

(1)

Self-Recognition of Burnout

621

(1)

Intervention Strategies

622

(7)

Assessment

622

(1)

Intervention Through Training

623

(1)

Intervention with the Organization

623

(6)

Private Practitioners and Burnout

629

(12)

Intervention with the Individual

630

(11)

Summary

641

(1)

Resources

642

(1)

References

643

(4)

PART FOUR New Directions

647

(38)

Off the Couch and into the Streets

649

(36)

The Evolution of the Crisis Intervention Subspecialty

649

(5)

The Grassroots Movement

649

(1)

The Importance of Volunteerism

650

(1)

The Need for Trained Professional Consultants

651

(1)

The Quest for Maturity and Power

651

(2)

The Societal Impetus for Crisis Intervention

653

(1)

Job-Related Impetus for Crisis Intervention

653

(1)

Proactive and Preventive Models of Crisis Intervention

654

(2)

Crisis Intervention in the Real World

654

(1)

Cost and Managed Care Considerations

655

(1)

Collaborating/Networking

655

(1)

Prevention Programs

656

(1)

Emerging Trends in Crisis Intervention

656

(7)

Crisis Stabilization Programs

657

(1)

Outreach Programs and Crisis Response Teams

657

(3)

Multicultural Issues in Outreach

660

(3)

Psychiatric Emergency Services

663

(1)

The Ecosystem Approach

663

(2)

Debriefing the Crisis Worker

665

(5)

Electronic Outreach Services

668

(2)

Police and Crisis Intervention

670

(6)

Police and the Mentally Ill/Mentally Disturbed

670

(1)

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Program

671

(3)

The Family Trouble Center (FTC) Program

674

(2)

Community Development of Proactive-Preventive Crisis Intervention Services

676

(2)

The Importance of Multidisciplinary Thinking

676

(1)

The Need for Innovative Alliances

676

(1)

A Blueprint for the Future

677

(1)

Last Words

678

(1)

Summary

678

(1)

Resources

679

(2)

References

681

(4)

Index

685

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Crisis Intervention Strategies

Crisis Intervention Strategies

9780534265946

0534265944

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Crisis Intervention Strategies

Crisis Intervention Strategies

9780534265946

0534265944

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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