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Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

by: Lyman, Michael D.

Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

by: Lyman, Michael D.

ISBN 13:
9780131198777
ISBN 10:
0131198777
Edition: 4th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Summary

This book presents crime detection as a dynamic field relying heavily on the past experiences of investigators as well as recent practical and technological innovations. It explores the many external variables that can influence the investigator's success and the specific methods of crime detection and prosecution of law available today. The book also presents, in a logical flow, the steps and considerations observed in an actual criminal investigation.A six-part organization covers the fundamentals of criminal investigation, the investigation process, interpersonal violence, property crimes, vice crimes and related offenses, and prosecution.For anyone interested in thinking like a detective, and understanding the who, what, whyand more, behind a crime scene investigation.

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

About the Author

xxi

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

(32)

Criminal Investigation: An Overview

(19)

Introduction

(1)

The Romance and Reality of Crime Solving

(2)

Criminal Investigation and Our English Heritage

(3)

The Bow Street Runners

(1)

The London Metropolitan Police

(1)

The Creation of Scotland Yard

(1)

Criminal Investigation in America

(3)

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency

(1)

Prohibition

(1)

The Creation of the FBI

(1)

The Increase of Forensic Science Crime Detection

(1)

Criminal Investigation Research

(3)

The RAND Corporation Study

(2)

The PERF Study

(1)

The Objectives of Criminal Investigation

(1)

The Emergence of the Police Specialist

(1)

Types of Investigations

(1)

Crime Scene Investigators (CSIs)

(1)

Major Case Task Forces

(1)

Modes of Investigation

(1)

The Role of the Criminal Investigator

(3)

Characteristics of the Investigator

(1)

Gathering Information

(1)

Field Operations

(1)

Arrests

(1)

Patrol Investigations

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

The Preliminary Investigation

(13)

Introduction

(1)

Performing the Preliminary Investigation

(1)

The Role of Evidence at the Crime Scene

(2)

Types of Evidence

(1)

The First Officer's Responsibilities

(5)

Arrival at the Scene

(1)

Identification and Separation of Witnesses

(2)

Determining the Size of the Crime Scene

(1)

Entry into the Crime Scene

(1)

When a Suspect Is Still on the Scene

(1)

Broadcasting a Flash Description

(1)

Managing Emergency Situations

(1)

Securing the Scene

(1)

Handling Special Situations at the Scene

(2)

Dead Body

(1)

Hanging Victim

(1)

Firearms

(1)

Contacting the Medical Examiner

(1)

Conducting a Neighborhood Canvass

(1)

Performing the Follow-up Investigation

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

PART 2 THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS

(191)

Documenting the Crime Scene

(25)

Introduction

(1)

Field Notes and Reports

(5)

The Role of Field Notes

(1)

When to Take Notes

(1)

What to Write Down

(2)

Developing a Note-Taking System

(1)

Field Interview Cards

(1)

Putting Field Notes to Work

(1)

Storage of Field Notes

(1)

Using a Tape Recorder

(1)

Using Field Notes in the Courtroom

(1)

Writing the Official Police Report

(2)

Factuality

(1)

Thoroughness

(1)

Getting to the Point

(1)

Word Choice

(1)

The Structure of the Report

(3)

The Initial Complaint

(2)

Supplemental Reports

(1)

Photographing the Crime Scene

(4)

What to Photograph

(1)

Other Hints

(2)

Admissibility of Photographic Evidence

(1)

Identification of Photographs

(1)

Surveillance Photographs

(1)

Capturing the Crime Scene on Digital Video

(1)

The Crime Scene Sketch

(4)

Reasons to Sketch

(1)

Putting It Together

(1)

Measurement

(1)

Rough and Finished Sketches

(1)

Choosing the Best Method

(2)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

Search and Seizure

(37)

Introduction

(1)

Due Process and the Constitution

(1)

Legal Guidelines for Searches

(1)

The Probable Cause Requirement

(1)

The Exclusionary Rule

(3)

The Fruit of the Poisoned Tree Doctrine

(1)

Search Incident to Lawful Arrest

(2)

Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule

(2)

The Good Faith Exception

(1)

The Inevitable Discovery Doctrine

(1)

The Computer Errors Exception

(1)

Searches with a Warrant

(5)

Advantages of Searching with a Search Warrant

(1)

Structuring the Warrant

(1)

The Affidavit

(2)

The Search Warrant

(1)

The Search Warrant Return

(1)

Execution of the Warrant

(2)

Warrantless Searches

(11)

Search by Consent

(3)

Emergency Searches

(1)

Searches Incident to Arrest

(1)

Stop-and-Frisk Searches

(1)

Plain-View Searches

(3)

Automobile Searches

(2)

Open-Field Searches

(1)

Beginning the Search

(2)

Search Patterns

(1)

Searching the Scene

(1)

Rules for Collecting Evidence

(1)

Gathering and Preserving Evidence

(4)

The Chain of Custody

(1)

Marking the Evidence

(2)

Special Cases in Evidence Handling

(5)

Infected Evidence

(1)

Firearms

(1)

Bullets, Cartridges, and Empty Cases

(1)

Stains

(1)

Glass

(1)

Impressions

(1)

Drugs

(1)

Plant Material

(1)

Powdered Material

(1)

Liquid Material

(1)

Tablets or Capsules

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

(1)

Important Cases to Remember

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Class Project

(1)

Identification of Criminal Suspects

(36)

Introduction

(1)

The Role of the Crime Laboratory

(4)

Trace Evidence

(1)

Questioned Documents

(1)

Forensic Chemistry

(1)

DNA Analysis

(1)

Ballistics

(1)

Latent Prints

(1)

Forensic Photography

100

(1)

Specialized Laboratory Equipment

100

(1)

Fingerprinting

100

(7)

The History of Fingerprinting

101

(2)

Types of Prints

103

(1)

Types of Patterns

104

(2)

Searching for Prints

106

(1)

Developing Latent Fingerprints

107

(7)

Powders

107

(1)

Iodine

108

(1)

Ninhydrin

109

(1)

Silver Nitrate Solution

109

(2)

Superglue Fuming

111

(1)

Lasers

111

(1)

Preservation of Fingerprints

112

(1)

Prints from Gloves

113

(1)

Computerized Fingerprints: The AFIS System

114

(1)

How AFIS Works

114

(1)

The Genetic Fingerprint: DNA

114

(4)

What Is DNA?

115

(1)

DNA's History

116

(2)

Analyzing DNA

118

(4)

Admissibility of DNA as Evidence

119

(2)

Other Uses of DNA

121

(1)

Handwriting Analysis

122

(3)

Collection of Exemplars

123

(1)

The Writing Medium

124

(1)

The Writing Area

125

(1)

Criminal Composites

125

(1)

Personality Profiling

125

(2)

Police Lineups

127

(2)

The Photo Lineup

129

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

129

(1)

Discussion Questions

129

(1)

Class Project

130

(1)

The Criminal Intelligence Function

131

(13)

Introduction

131

(1)

Overt and Covert Intelligence Collection

131

(1)

Criminal Intelligence and Criminal Investigation

132

(1)

Defining Criminal Intelligence

132

(1)

Types of Intelligence

133

(1)

Procedures for Intelligence Gathering

133

(4)

Phase 1: Target Selection

134

(2)

Phase 2: Data Collection

136

(1)

Phase 3: Data Collation and Analysis

137

(1)

Phase 4: Dissemination

137

(1)

Analyzing the Information

137

(4)

Link Analysis

138

(1)

Flowcharting

139

(2)

The RISS Projects

141

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

142

(1)

Discussion Questions

142

(1)

Class Project

143

(1)

Undercover and Surveillance Operations

144

(22)

Introduction

144

(1)

Overview

145

(1)

Undercover Operations

146

(2)

Preparing for Undercover Assignments

148

(1)

Personnel Considerations

148

(1)

Functions of UC Officers

149

(1)

Equipment

149

(1)

Vehicles

150

(1)

Support Officer Vehicles

150

(1)

Undercover Officer Vehicles

150

(1)

The Undercover Working Environment

150

(5)

The Cover Story

151

(1)

Protecting the Undercover Officer's Cover

151

(2)

Infiltration

153

(2)

Surveillance Operations

155

(9)

Preparing for the Surveillance

155

(1)

Foot Surveillance

156

(2)

Difficulties in Surveillance Operations

158

(1)

Vehicle Surveillance

159

(1)

Fixed Surveillance

160

(1)

Satellite Assisted Surveillance

161

(3)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

164

(1)

Discussion Questions

164

(1)

Class Project

164

(2)

Making an Arrest

166

(16)

Introduction

166

(1)

Defining Arrest

166

(4)

What Is an Arrest?

167

(1)

The Legal Arrest

167

(1)

Detention versus Arrest

168

(1)

Investigatory Stops

169

(1)

When Is a Person Under Arrest?

170

(2)

Use of Force

172

(5)

Defining Use of Force

174

(1)

Understanding Reasonableness

175

(1)

Levels of Force

176

(1)

Deadly Force

177

(2)

The Fleeing-Felon Rule

177

(1)

The Deadly Force Triangle

178

(1)

Off-Duty Arrests

179

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

180

(1)

Discussion Questions

180

(1)

Class Project

180

(2)

Interviews and Interrogations

182

(28)

Introduction

182

(1)

Interview versus Interrogation

182

(1)

The Interview Process

183

(5)

Interviewing Witnesses, Citizens, and Victims

183

(5)

The Suspect Interrogation Process

188

(1)

Goals of the Interrogation

188

(1)

Legal Requirements of the Interrogation

189

(1)

Safeguarding Against Police Misconduct

189

(5)

Coercion and Duress

190

(1)

Unreasonable Delay in Arraignments

190

(1)

The Suspect's Right to Legal Counsel

190

(4)

Preparation for the Interrogation

194

(1)

The Interrogation Setting

194

(1)

The Interrogation Procedure

195

(3)

Interrogation Styles

196

(1)

Verbal Symptoms of Deception

196

(2)

Why Suspects Cooperate and Confess

198

(2)

Searching for Information

199

(1)

Closing the Communication Gap

199

(1)

Admission versus Confession

200

(1)

Written Statements

200

(1)

Structuring the Written Statement

201

(1)

Tape-Recorded Statements

201

(2)

The Recording Procedure

202

(1)

Videotaped Confessions

203

(1)

Recap Bias

203

(1)

Framing the Tapes

204

(1)

Use of the Polygraph

204

(3)

Accuracy of the Polygraph

205

(1)

Administration of the Polygraph Exam

205

(1)

Admissibility of Polygraph Results

206

(1)

The Voice Stress Analyzer

207

(1)

Do You Recognize These Terms?

208

(1)

Discussion Questions

208

(1)

Class Project

208

(2)

Development and Management of Informants

210

(14)

Introduction

210

(3)

Who Are Informants?

213

(2)

Utilizing the Informant

214

(1)

Informant Motivations

215

(1)

Documenting Your ``Source''

216

(2)

Maintaining Control of the Informant

218

(1)

Protecting the Informant's Identity

219

(1)

Legal Considerations

219

(2)

Federal Protection of the Informant

221

(1)

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

9780131198777

0131198777

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

Criminal Investigation: The Art And The Science

9780131198777

0131198777

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Excerpts

Write a Review

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