Counseling Children

by: Thompson, Charles L.; Henderson, Donna A.

ISBN 13:
9780495007753
ISBN 10:
0495007757
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 06/23/2006
Publisher: Brooks Cole
Newer Edition

Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)

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Summary

Unparalleled in its translation of theory into practice, COUNSELING CHILDREN covers the most practical and up-to-date methods for developing effective approaches to counseling children. The authors provide a comprehensive yet easy-to-read text that includes useful strategies and case studies from actual counseling sessions to present a realistic look at the field. COUNSELING CHILDREN presents a development approach to counseling that considers age and stage differences in counseling children, adolescents, and adults.

Preface

xxii

Author Biographies

xxv

PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING CHILDREN

(72)

Introduction to a Child's World

(31)

Indicators of Well-Being

(1)

What Causes Our Children's Problems?

(1)

A Changing World

(3)

The American Home

(1)

Societal Crises

(1)

Changing Values

(1)

Summary of Children's Difficulties

(1)

The Personal World of The Child

(3)

Child Development

(1)

A Child's Cognitive World

(4)

The Child's World of Social Development

(7)

Resilience

(3)

What Is Counseling?

(2)

How Does Counseling Differ from Psychotherapy?

(1)

What Is an Appropriate Working Definition of Counseling?

(1)

What Counseling Can Do

(5)

What Specific Types of Assistance Can Be Expected from the Counseling Session?

(3)

Who Are the Mental Health Professionals?

(2)

Summary

(4)

Introduction to a Child's World Video

(1)

Websites for Understanding a Child's World

(1)

References

(3)

The Counseling Process

(40)

Which Approaches to Counseling Are Effective?

(3)

Classifying Counseling Theories

(3)

Preparing for the Interview

(1)

What Are Some Things to Consider during the First Interview?

(5)

Children's Resistance to Counseling

(2)

Steps to Overcoming Children's Resistance

(2)

First Interview Goals and Observations

(1)

A General Model for Counseling

(3)

Step 1: Defining the Problem through Active Listening

(1)

Step 2: Clarifying the Child's Expectations

(1)

Step 3: Exploring What Has Been Done to Solve the Problem

(1)

Step 4: Exploring What New Things Could Be Done to Solve the Problem

(1)

Step 5: Obtaining a Commitment to Try One of the Problem-Solving Ideas

(1)

Step 6: Closing the Counseling Interview

(1)

Questions Counselors Ask

(21)

What Does the Counselor Need to Know about Counseling Records?

(1)

How Much Self-Disclosure Is Appropriate for the Counselor?

(2)

What Types of Questions Should the Counselor Use?

(2)

How Can Silences Be Used in Counseling?

(1)

Should Counselors Give Advice?

(2)

Should Counselors Give Information?

(1)

How Does the Counselor Keep the Client on Task during the Counseling Session?

(1)

What Limits Should Be Set in Counseling?

(1)

What about the Issue of Confidentiality?

(1)

Is This Child Telling Me the Truth?

(1)

What Can Be Done When the Interview Process Becomes Blocked?

(1)

When Should Counseling Be Terminated?

(1)

How Can Counseling Be Evaluated?

(1)

Goal Attainment Score Calculation: Level at Intake

(2)

Goal Attainment Score Calculation: Level at Follow-up

(2)

How Do Professional Counselors Work with Managed Health Care?

(4)

Step One: Problem Identification

(1)

Step Two: Problem Definition

(1)

Step Three: Goal Development

(1)

Step Four: Measurable Objectives

(1)

Step Five: Creating Interventions

(1)

Step Six: Diagnosing

(1)

Summary

(4)

The Counseling Process Video

(1)

Websites for the Counseling Process

(1)

References

(3)

PART 2 COUNSELING THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES

(340)

Psychoanalytic Counseling

(35)

The Nature of People

(2)

Theory of Counseling

(8)

Structural Concepts

(1)

Ego

(1)

Superego

(1)

Dynamic Concepts

(1)

Instinct

(1)

Cathexis

(1)

Anticathexis

(1)

Anxiety

(1)

Developmental Concepts

(1)

Defense Mechanisms

(3)

Psychosexual Stages and Erikson's Stages

(2)

Psychoanalytic Counseling and Development of Self-Esteem

(4)

Object Relations Theory

(3)

Counseling Methods

(14)

Catharsis

(1)

Free Association

(1)

Interpretation

(1)

Interpretation of Dreams

(2)

Parapraxia

(1)

Humor

(1)

Analysis of Transference

(1)

Analysis of Resistance

(1)

Analysis of Incomplete Sentences

(1)

Bibliocounseling

(1)

Storytelling

(1)

Psychoanalytic Play Therapy and the Expressive Arts

(2)

Case Studies

(5)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Psychoanalytic Counseling

104

(1)

Psychoanalytic Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

105

(1)

Summary

105

(4)

Websites for Psychoanalytic Counseling

106

(1)

References

106

(3)

Reality Therapy: Counseling with Choice Theory

109

(24)

The Nature of People

110

(5)

Choice Theory and the Nature of People

111

(4)

Theory of Counseling

115

(1)

Counseling Method

116

(4)

Reality Therapy Process

120

(3)

Case Study

123

(3)

The Ten Step Reality Therapy Consultation Model

126

(3)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Reality Therapy

129

(1)

Reality Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

130

(1)

Summary

130

(3)

Introduction to Reality Therapy

131

(1)

Websites for Reality Therapy

131

(1)

References

131

(2)

Brief Counseling: Solution-Focused and Paradoxical Counseling Strategies

133

(26)

Background

133

(1)

Solution-Focused Brief Counseling

134

(16)

The Nature of People

134

(1)

Theory of Counseling

135

(2)

Counseling Method

137

(1)

Orientation Statement

137

(1)

Statement of the Problem

138

(1)

Setting Counseling Goals

138

(1)

The Skeleton Key Question/Statement for Goal Setting

139

(1)

Working with Unproductive Client Goals

139

(1)

Using the Miracle Question to Formulate Goals

140

(2)

Case Study

142

(4)

Reviewing the Steps in Solution-Focused Brief Counseling

146

(1)

Orientation to the Solution-Focused Brief Counseling Process

146

(1)

Setting Goals for Counseling

146

(1)

Active Listening

146

(1)

Working with Negative Goals

147

(1)

Working with Positive Goals

147

(1)

The Miracle Question

147

(1)

Relationship Questions

147

(1)

Exceptions to the Problem Situation

148

(1)

Positive Blame

148

(1)

Scaling Progress toward Goal

148

(1)

Ten Percent Improvements

148

(1)

Flagging the Mine Field

148

(1)

Closing the Session

148

(1)

Writing the Note

149

(1)

Ericksonian Play Therapy

150

(1)

Paradoxical Counseling Strategies

150

(3)

The Nature of People

150

(1)

Theory of Counseling

150

(1)

Counseling Method

151

(1)

Case Examples

152

(1)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Brief Counseling

153

(1)

Brief Counseling: Accountability and Managed Health Care

154

(1)

Summary

155

(4)

Introduction to Brief Counseling Video

156

(1)

Websites for Brief Counseling

156

(1)

References

156

(3)

Person-Centered Counseling

159

(24)

The Nature of People

161

(1)

Theory of Counseling

161

(3)

Counseling Method

164

(8)

Case Study

170

(2)

Person-Centered Counseling and the Development of Self-Esteem

172

(3)

Integrating Self-Esteem-Building Activities with the Child's Life

173

(2)

Child-Centered Play Therapy

175

(1)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Person-Centered Counseling

176

(2)

Person-Centered Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

178

(1)

Summary

178

(5)

Introduction to Person-Centered Counseling Video

180

(1)

Websites for Person-Centered Counseling

180

(1)

References

181

(2)

Gestalt Therapy

183

(24)

The Nature of People

185

(2)

Theory of Counseling

187

(1)

Counseling Method

188

(12)

Gestalt Techniques

189

(1)

``I'' Language

189

(1)

Substituting Won't for Can't

190

(1)

Substituting What and How for Why

190

(1)

No Gossiping

190

(1)

Changing Questions into Statements

190

(1)

Taking Responsibility

190

(1)

Incomplete Sentences

190

(1)

Bipolarities

191

(2)

My Greatest Weakness

193

(1)

Resent, Demand, and Appreciate: The Integration of Opposing Thoughts, Feelings, and Beliefs

193

(1)

Fantasy Games for Creating Awareness

194

(1)

Dreamwork

195

(1)

Gestalt Play Therapy

196

(1)

Confidence Courses for Play Therapy

197

(1)

Case Study

197

(3)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Gestalt Therapy

200

(1)

Gestalt Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

201

(2)

Summary

203

(4)

Introduction to Gestalt Therapy Video

204

(1)

Websites for Gestalt Therapy

204

(1)

References

204

(3)

Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

207

(31)

The Nature of People

208

(2)

Theory of Counseling

210

(4)

Counseling Method

214

(6)

Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Education

219

(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

220

(6)

Case Study

223

(3)

Applications of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

226

(4)

Aggression

226

(1)

Anxiety

227

(1)

Depression

227

(1)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

228

(1)

Obesity

228

(1)

Children of Alcoholics

229

(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy

229

(1)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

230

(1)

Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

231

(1)

Summary

232

(6)

Websites for Rational-Emotive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

234

(1)

References

234

(4)

Behavioral Counseling

238

(31)

The Nature of People

239

(1)

Theory of Counseling

240

(4)

Behavior Analysis

241

(1)

Why People Behave as They Do

241

(1)

Steps in Behavior Analysis

242

(1)

Principles of Behavior

242

(2)

Schedules of Reinforcement

244

(1)

Fixed Interval Schedule

244

(1)

Variable Interval Schedule

244

(1)

Fixed Ratio Schedule

244

(1)

Variable Ratio Schedule

244

(1)

Counseling Goals

244

(1)

Counseling Methods

245

(9)

Contingency Contracts

245

(1)

Example 1

246

(1)

Example 2

247

(1)

Self-management

248

(1)

Shaping

249

(1)

Behavioral Momentum

249

(1)

Biofeedback

250

(1)

Modeling

250

(1)

Token Economies

251

(1)

Behavior-Practice Groups

251

(1)

Role-playing

252

(1)

Role-playing to Define a Problem

252

(1)

Role Reversal

252

(1)

Role-playing Used as Behavior Rehearsal

253

(1)

Counseling Homework Assignments

253

(1)

Assertiveness Training

254

(1)

Classical Conditioning Methods

254

(9)

Ivan Pavlov (1849--1936)

254

(1)

Systematic Desensitization

255

(3)

Flooding

258

(1)

Hypnosis

259

(1)

Counterconditioning

259

(1)

Aversive Conditioning

259

(1)

Case Study

260

(3)

Applications of Behavioral Counseling

263

(2)

Response Cost

264

(1)

Eating Disorders

264

(1)

Multimodal Approaches

264

(1)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Behavioral Counseling

265

(1)

Behavioral Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

266

(1)

Summary

266

(3)

Introduction to Behavioral Counseling

267

(1)

Websites for Behavioral Counseling

267

(1)

References

267

(2)

Transactional Analysis

269

(30)

The Nature of People and Theory of Counseling

270

(13)

Structural Analysis

271

(1)

Parent

271

(1)

Adult

272

(1)

Child

272

(1)

Transactional Analysis

273

(2)

Script Analysis

275

(1)

Game Analysis

276

(1)

Life Positions

277

(1)

Games Clients Play

278

(2)

The Pursuit of Strokes

280

(1)

Structuring Time

281

(2)

Rackets

283

(1)

Counseling Method

283

(12)

Case Studies

293

(2)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Transactional Analysis

295

(1)

Transactional Analysis, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

296

(1)

Summary

297

(2)

Websites for Transactional Analysis

297

(1)

References

297

(2)

Individual Psychology

299

(36)

The Nature of People

301

(8)

The Need for Success

302

(1)

Goals of Behavior

302

(1)

Lifestyle

303

(1)

Social Interest

303

(2)

The Family Constellation

305

(1)

Only Children

305

(1)

Firstborn Children

305

(1)

Second-Born Children

306

(1)

Middle Children

306

(1)

Youngest Children

306

(1)

The Family Atmosphere

307

(2)

Theory of Counseling

309

(5)

Goals of Misbehavior

311

(1)

Attention

311

(1)

Power

312

(1)

Revenge

312

(1)

Inadequacy or Withdrawal

312

(2)

Counseling Method

314

(13)

Early Recollections

317

(1)

Understanding

318

(1)

Confrontation

318

(1)

Stages

319

(1)

Interventions for the Four Goals of Misbehavior

319

(2)

Sequence of the ``Could It Be . . .?'' Questions

321

(1)

Encouragement

322

(1)

Praise

323

(1)

Bribery

323

(1)

Natural and Logical Consequences

323

(1)

Natural Consequences

323

(1)

Logical Consequences

324

(1)

Case Study

324

(3)

Adlerian Play Therapy

327

(1)

Adlerian Family Counseling

328

(2)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Individual Psychology

330

(2)

Individual Psychology, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

332

(3)

Introduction to Individual Psychology

333

(1)

Websites for Individual Psychology

333

(1)

References

333

(2)

Family Counseling

335

(50)

How Does Family Counseling Differ from Individual Counseling?

335

(1)

What Defines a Family?

336

(1)

How Does General Systems Theory Relate to Families?

337

(1)

Systems Approach to Family Therapy

337

(9)

Murray Bowen (1913--1990)

337

(1)

The Spousal Relationship

338

(1)

Differentiation of Self

339

(1)

Detriangulation of Self from the Family Emotional System

340

(1)

Nuclear Family Emotional Process

340

(1)

Family Projection Process

340

(1)

Multigenerational Transmission Process

341

(1)

Sibling Position

341

(1)

Emotional Cutoff

341

(1)

Emotional Process in Society

341

(4)

Emotional Systems of the Family

345

(1)

Modeling Differentiation

345

(1)

Structural Family Therapy

346

(5)

Salvador Minuchin's Contributions to Structural Family Therapy

347

(4)

Strategic Family Therapy

351

(6)

Paradoxical Interventions

351

(1)

Contributions of Milton Erickson, Jay Haley, and Cloe Madanes to Strategic Family Therapy

352

(5)

The Communications Approach to Family Therapy

357

(18)

John Gottman's Behavioral Interview Method

357

(2)

Virginia Satir's Conjoint Family Therapy

359

(1)

The Nature of People

360

(2)

Theory of Counseling

362

(5)

Counseling Method

367

(1)

An Example of Satir's Method

368

(1)

The Importance of Including Children

368

(2)

Three Keys to Satir's System

370

(1)

Satir's Technique

370

(1)

Simulated Family Game

371

(1)

Systems Games

371

(1)

Communication Games

372

(1)

The Counselor's Role

372

(1)

Case Studies

373

(2)

Play Therapy with Families

375

(3)

Dynamic Family Play Therapy

376

(1)

Filial Therapy

376

(1)

Strategic Family Play Therapy

377

(1)

Theraplay

378

(1)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Family Counseling

378

(1)

Family Counseling, Accountability, and Managed Health Care

379

(1)

Summary

380

(5)

Introduction to Family Counseling

381

(1)

Websites for Family Counseling

381

(1)

References

381

(4)

Personality Types

385

(28)

The Nature of People

386

(1)

Theory of Counseling

387

(19)

Psyche

387

(1)

Psychic Energy

387

(1)

Consciousness

388

(1)

The Personal Unconscious

388

(1)

The Ego

388

(1)

The Ego Gatekeeper

389

(2)

Complexes

391

(1)

Individuation

391

(1)

Dreams

391

(1)

Progression and Regression

392

(1)

The Collective Unconscious

392

(1)

Archetypes

392

(1)

The Self

392

(1)

The Anima and Animus

393

(1)

The Shadow

393

(1)

The Persona

393

(1)

Word Association

394

(1)

Psychological Types

394

(3)

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®)

397

(5)

The Type Table™

402

(1)

Dominance

402

(1)

Temperament

402

(1)

Preferences in Learning

403

(1)

Psychological Diversity in Children

404

(1)

Usefulness in Counseling

405

(1)

Theory of Type Development

406

(1)

Counseling Method

406

(5)

Case Study

407

(4)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Jung

411

(1)

Summary

411

(2)

Websites for Jungian Counseling

411

(1)

References

412

(1)

PART 3 COUNSELING WITH CHILDREN: SPECIAL TOPICS

413

(216)

Play Therapy

414

(43)

Defining Play Therapy

414

(1)

Advantages of Play Therapy

415

(2)

Empirical Support for Play Therapy

417

(2)

Cross-Cultural Applications of Play Therapy

419

(1)

Play Therapy Approaches

420

(7)

Applications of Play Therapy

420

(1)

Group Play Therapy

420

(2)

Prescriptive Play Therapy

422

(1)

Play Therapy with Families

423

(1)

Filial Therapy

423

(2)

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy

425

(2)

Play Therapy with Specific Child Populations and Problems

427

(5)

Children Experiencing Adjustment Difficulties in School

427

(2)

Children Witnessing Domestic Violence

429

(1)

Children Facing Persistent Illness and Children in the Hospital

429

(1)

Autistic Children

430

(1)

Children Experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

431

(1)

Play Therapy in Combination with Other Interventions

432

(1)

Considerations in Play Therapy

433

(1)

Therapist

433

(1)

Appropriate Clients

434

(1)

Play Stages

435

(1)

Play Therapy and Managed Health Care

436

(1)

Play Therapy Media and Strategies

436

(9)

Basic Skills of Play Therapy

438

(1)

Art

439

(1)

Puppets

440

(1)

Sand

441

(2)

Case Study

443

(2)

Summary

445

(12)

Introduction to Play Therapy

446

(1)

Websites for Play Therapy

446

(1)

References

446

(11)

Cultural Factors in Counseling Children

457

(30)

Competence

459

(1)

Multicultural Counseling Competencies

459

(9)

Awareness

460

(1)

Knowledge

461

(3)

Ethnic Identity Development

464

(1)

Acculturation

465

(1)

Skills

466

(2)

Children

468

(12)

African American Children

470

(3)

American Indian and Alaskan Native Children

473

(2)

Asian American Children

475

(2)

Latino Children

477

(2)

Multiracial Children

479

(1)

Summary

480

(7)

Websites for Cultural Factors in Counseling Children

480

(1)

References

480

(7)

Consultation and Collaboration

487

(23)

Consultation

488

(11)

Models of Consultation

489

(1)

Mental Health Consultation

489

(1)

Process Consultation

489

(2)

Behavioral Consultation

491

(2)

Cross-Cultural Consultation

493

(1)

Consulting Process

494

(2)

Combinations

496

(1)

Consultation Interventions

497

(1)

Role Shift

497

(1)

Listing of Behaviors

497

(1)

Logical Consequences

498

(1)

Isolation Techniques

498

(1)

Collaboration

499

(7)

Teaming

502

(1)

Assessment as a Consulting and Counseling Intervention

502

(1)

The Interview

502

(2)

Case Histories

504

(1)

Behavioral Observations

504

(1)

Formal Psychological and Educational Tests

504

(1)

Intelligence Tests

504

(1)

Projective Techniques

505

(1)

Achievement Tests

505

(1)

Aptitude Tests

505

(1)

Other Tests

505

(1)

Summary

506

(4)

Websites for Consultation and Collaboration

507

(1)

References

507

(3)

Group Counseling with Children

510

(28)

Definition of Group

511

(1)

Types of Groups

511

(2)

Theoretically Oriented Group Counseling

513

(2)

Group Leadership Skills

515

(1)

Getting Started

516

(5)

Group Focus

516

(3)

Selecting Group Members

519

(1)

Forming a Group

519

(1)

Screening Interview

520

(1)

Size of Group

521

(1)

Group Setting

521

(1)

Group Stages

521

(2)

Group Counseling Process

523

(8)

The First Session

523

(1)

Guidelines for the Remaining Sessions

524

(1)

Implications for Different Ages

525

(2)

Evaluation of Groups

527

(1)

Group Counseling Example

528

(2)

Classroom Meetings

530

(1)

Group Crisis Intervention

531

(2)

Summary

533

(5)

Websites for Group Counseling with Children

534

(1)

References

534

(4)

Counseling Children with Special Concerns

538

(50)

Child Maltreatment

538

(10)

Physical Abuse and Neglect

541

(3)

Child Sexual Abuse

544

(1)

General Counseling Strategies for Working with Children Who Have Been Abused

545

(2)

Children's Memories of Abuse

547

(1)

Children in Chemically Dependent Families

548

(3)

Interventions for Children from Chemically Dependent Families

550

(1)

Death and Bereavement

551

(5)

Interventions for Children Who Are Grieving

553

(3)

Depression and Suicide

556

(6)

Interventions for Depression

557

(1)

Suicide

558

(2)

Interventions for Suicide

560

(1)

Postsuicide Interventions

561

(1)

Family Structures

562

(18)

Children of Divorce

562

(6)

Children in Stepfamilies

568

(2)

Children in Single-Parent Homes

570

(1)

Homeless Children

571

(2)

Children and Violence

573

(4)

Gangs

577

(3)

Summary

580

(8)

Websites for Counseling Children with Special Concerns

580

(1)

References

580

(8)

Counseling with Children with Special Needs

588

(21)

The Situation

588

(1)

History

589

(1)

Categories of Exceptionality

590

(3)

Methods for Counseling with Children Who Have Special Needs

593

(1)

Children with Behavioral-Emotional Disorders

593

(2)

The Child with a Learning Disability

595

(3)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder

598

(2)

The Child with Mental Retardation

600

(2)

The Child with a Physical Disability

602

(1)

General Ideas

603

(1)

Counseling with Parents of Exceptional Children

604

(1)

Summary

605

(4)

Websites for Counseling with Exceptional Children

605

(1)

References

606

(3)

Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors

609

(20)

Ethical, Professional, and Legal Issues

609

(13)

Decision-Making Models

611

(1)

Counseling Minors

612

(1)

Competence

613

(1)

Informed Consent

614

(1)

Confidentiality

615

(3)

Confidentiality of Files

618

(2)

Breaching Confidentiality

620

(1)

Duty to Protect

621

(1)

Confidentiality in Groups

621

(1)

Child Abuse Reporting

622

(1)

An Ethical Decision-Making Process

622

(3)

Summary

625

(4)

Websites for Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors

625

(1)

References

625

(4)

Appendices

629

(66)

Name Index

695

(10)

Topical Index

705

Counseling Children

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Summary

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