The Challenge of Third World Development

ISBN 13:
9780205791231
ISBN 10:
0205791239
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 02/05/2010
Publisher: Pearson
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Preface	p. xv
Understanding Underdevelopment	p. 1
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment	p. 2
Economic Underdevelopment	p. 3
Social Underdevelopment	p. 7
Political Underdevelopment	p. 11
Some Relationships between the Components of Development	p. 13
The Causes of Underdevelopment	p. 15
Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values	p. 15
Dependency Theory: The Core and the Periphery	p. 19
Modernization and Dependency Theories Compared	p. 21
Contemporary Perspectives	p. 22
How Much (or How Little) Progress Has Been Made?	p. 25
Discussion Questions	p. 26
Notes	p. 26
Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy	p. 28
Democracy Defined	p. 30
Democratic Transition and Consolidation	p. 32
Authoritarian Beginnings	p. 33
Justifying Authoritarian Rule	p. 34
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World	p. 36
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave	p. 38
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries	p. 40
Social and Economic Modernization	p. 40
Class Structure	p. 41
Political Culture	p. 43
The Curse of Oil Wealth	p. 47
How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared	p. 48
Democratic Consolidation	p. 50
Improving the Quality of Democracy	p. 51
Conclusion	p. 53
Discussion Questions	p. 55
Notes	p. 55
Religion and Politics	p. 58
The Meeting of Church and State	p. 59
Great Religions of the Third World	p. 60
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization	p. 61
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations	p. 64
Islam	p. 64
Catholicism	p. 65
Hinduism and Buddhism	p. 66
Religious Fundamentalism and Islamism	p. 67
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism	p. 68
Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative	p. 69
The Iranian Revolution: Radical Islamism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization	p. 70
Al Qaeda and Militant Islamism	p. 73
Islamist Terrorists in Western Europe: A New Frontier	p. 78
Turkey and Moderate Islamism	p. 79
The Strengthening of Moderate Islam	p. 83
The Progressive Catholic Church	p. 83
The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World	p. 86
Conclusion: Religion and Democracy	p. 88
Discussion Questions	p. 90
Notes	p. 91
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict	p. 94
Defining Ethnicity	p. 97
Ethnic and State Boundaries	p. 99
Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions	p. 100
Nationality	p. 100
Tribe	p. 102
Race	p. 104
Religion	p. 106
Dependency, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict	p. 113
Levels of Interethnic Conflict	p. 115
Relative Harmony	p. 115
Uneasy Balance	p. 115
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance)	p. 117
Systematic Violence	p. 118
Outcomes and Resolutions	p. 119
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism	p. 119
Secession	p. 121
Outside Intervention	p. 122
Outside Intervention in Iraq: The Effect of the U.S. Occupation on Kurdish Autonomy	p. 126
Settlement through Exhaustion	p. 127
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict	p. 127
Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy	p. 128
Discussion Questions	p. 130
Notes	p. 130
Women and Development	p. 133
The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women	p. 135
Modernization and the Economic Status of Women	p. 138
Women in the Economy: Rural and Urban	p. 139
Women and Politics	p. 142
Women's Political Activism at the Grass Roots	p. 143
Women as National Political Leaders	p. 145
Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament and the Cabinet	p. 149
Women and Revolutionary Change	p. 155
The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type	p. 158
Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society	p. 160
Discussion Questions	p. 163
Notes	p. 163
Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change	p. 166
Rural Class Structures	p. 167
Peasant Politics	p. 168
The Politics of Agrarian Reform	p. 171
Patterns of Land Concentration	p. 172
The Case for Agrarian Reform	p. 173
Types of Agrarian Reform	p. 175
Externally Imposed Reform	p. 176
Revolutionary Transformation	p. 177
Moderate Reformism	p. 179
The Limits of Agrarian Reform	p. 181
Other Approaches and Issues	p. 184
Crop Pricing	p. 184
Integrated Rural Development	p. 185
Conclusion: Democracy and Rural Reform	p. 186
Discussion Questions	p. 188
Notes	p. 188
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor	p. 191
The Third World's Urban Explosion	p. 191
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth	p. 195
The Search for Employment	p. 195
The Urban Poor's Struggle for Housing	p. 199
Public Housing and the Role of the State	p. 200
Spontaneous Housing	p. 202
Sites-and-Services Programs	p. 203
The Problem of Urban Crime	p. 204
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images	p. 206
Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor	p. 210
Individual Political Behavior	p. 210
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services	p. 211
Radical Political Behavior	p. 214
Conclusion: Future Urban Growth and Democratic Politics	p. 215
Discussion Questions	p. 216
Notes	p. 216
Revolutionary Change	p. 219
Defining Revolution	p. 220
Underlying Causes of Revolution	p. 222
Inexorable Historical Forces	p. 222
Regime Decay	p. 223
Challenges from Below	p. 225
Causes of Revolution: A Summary	p. 228
Levels of Popular Support	p. 230
Peasants as Revolutionaries	p. 232
Why Peasants Rebel	p. 233
Which Peasants Rebel	p. 233
Revolutionary Leadership	p. 234
Revolutionaries in Power	p. 236
Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy	p. 239
Discussion Questions	p. 242
Notes	p. 242
Soldiers and Politics	p. 244
The Causes of Military Intervention	p. 246
The Nature of the Armed Forces	p. 246
The Nature of Civil Society	p. 247
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives	p. 250
The Types and Goals of Military Regimes	p. 253
Personalistic Regimes	p. 253
Institutional Military Regimes	p. 254
The Accomplishment and Failures of Military Regimes	p. 259
Combating Corruption	p. 259
Defending Military Interests	p. 260
Patterns in Military Spending	p. 261
Establishing Stability	p. 264
Improving the Economy	p. 266
Military Withdrawal from Politics	p. 267
New Roles for the Armed Forces	p. 270
Improved Civil-Military Relationships	p. 271
Conclusion: Democracy and the Military	p. 272
Discussion Questions	p. 273
Notes	p. 273
The Political Economy of Third World Development	p. 276
The Role of the State	p. 277
The Command Economy	p. 278
Latin American Statism	p. 281
East Asia's Developmental State	p. 284
The Neoclassical Ideal	p. 286
Finding a Proper Role for the State	p. 289
Industrialization Strategies	p. 289
Import-Substituting Industrialization	p. 290
Export-Oriented Industrialization	p. 292
Growth with Equity	p. 293
Economic Development and the Environment	p. 295
The Costs of Growth	p. 296
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem	p. 296
Third World Environmental Decay and Global Warming: A Global Problem	p. 297
The Search for Sustainable Development	p. 298
Some Signs of Progress	p. 300
Finding the Right Mix	p. 302
The Effects of Globalization on Developing Nations	p. 302
Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development	p. 307
Discussion Questions	p. 308
Notes	p. 308
Glossary	p. 311
Index	p. 320
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