Bridge Engineering : Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges

ISBN 13:
9780071459037
ISBN 10:
0071459030
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 09/28/2006
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional
Newer Edition

Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)

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Summary

U.S. Audience: architects (113,000), civil engineers (228,000), and universities and colleges offering structural engineering programs Updated to reflect the latest bridge design code changes and the newest ASCE [American Association of Civil Engineers] design methods SI units throughout for international usage

Design Examples and Perspectives

xvii

Preface

xix

Preface to First Edition

xxi

The Structure

(38)

Use and Functionality

(14)

Terminology and Nomenclature

(1)

Superstructure

(2)

Substructure

(3)

Appurtenances and Site-Related Features

(1)

Miscellaneous Terms

(2)

Structure Types and Applications

(1)

Slab-on-Stringer

(1)

One-Way Slab

(1)

Steel and Concrete Box Girder

(1)

Cable-Stayed

(1)

Suspension

(1)

Steel and Concrete Arch

(2)

Truss

(1)

Origins of the Modern Highway Bridge

(2)

Bridge Designers and Their Projects

(2)

The Bridge Engineering Lexicon

(18)

References

(2)

Project Inception

(34)

Project Funding

(3)

User Fees

(1)

Nonuser Fees

(1)

Special Benefit Fees

(1)

Private Financing

(1)

Debt Financing

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Types of Design Standards

(4)

General Specifications

(1)

Material-Related Design Codes

(1)

Steel

(1)

Concrete

(1)

Timber

(1)

Use of Design Standards

(1)

Site Inspection

(15)

The Scoping Inspection

(1)

Recording the Inspection

(1)

Rating Substructure Elements

(1)

Joints

(1)

Bearings, Bridge Seats, and Pedestals

(2)

Concrete Elements

(1)

Steel Elements

(1)

Timber Elements

(1)

Embankment

(1)

Rating Superstructure Elements

(1)

Deck and Wearing Surface

(1)

Primary and Secondary Members

(1)

Rating Appurtenance and Site-Related Elements

(1)

Railing

(1)

Drainage Systems

(1)

Utilities

(1)

Lighting and Signing

(1)

Inspecting for Scour

(1)

The Channel

(2)

The Substructure

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Site Survey

(3)

Topography

(1)

Planimetry

(1)

Structure Features

(1)

Physical Testing

(2)

Coring

(1)

Delamination Testing

(1)

Testing for Cover

(1)

Measuring Steel Thickness

(1)

Detecting Fatigue Cracks

(1)

The Inspection Team

(2)

As-Built Plans and Other Record Data

(2)

Supplementing As-Built Plans

(1)

Guard Railing

(1)

Drainage Facilities

(1)

Traffic Barriers

(1)

Miscellaneous Elements

(1)

Other Sources

(1)

Conclusions

(3)

References

(2)

The Superstructure

(296)

Superstructure Types

(11)

Steel Superstructures

(1)

Rolled Beam

(1)

Rolled Beam with Cover Plate

(1)

Plate Girder

(1)

Box Girder

(1)

Steel Rigid Strut Frame

(1)

Large Structures

(1)

Concrete Superstructures

(1)

Prestressed Concrete Girder

(2)

Concrete Box Girder

(1)

Concrete Slab

(1)

Adjacent Prestressed Slab

(1)

Concrete Rigid Frame

(1)

Concrete Strut Frame

(1)

Concrete Arch

(1)

Timber Superstructures

(1)

Glulam Timber

(1)

Stressed-Laminated Timber Deck

(1)

Trestle

(1)

Truss

(1)

Secondary Members

(1)

Diaphragms

(3)

Lateral Bracing

(1)

Portal and Sway Bracing

(1)

Deck Types

(3)

Noncomposite and Composite Decks

(1)

Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab

(1)

Precast, Prestressed Concrete Panels

(1)

Steel Orthotropic Plate

(1)

Steel Grid

(1)

Timber

(1)

Corrugated Metal

(1)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

(1)

Wearing Surface Types

(1)

Asphalt Concrete

(1)

Latex Modified Concrete

(1)

High Density-Low Slump Concrete

(1)

Integrated Wearing Surface

(1)

Deck Joint Types

(6)

Open Joints

(1)

Filled Joints

(1)

Compression Seal Joints

(1)

Strip Seal Joints

(1)

Modular Joints

(1)

Finger Plate Joints

(1)

Sliding Plate Joints

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Design Loads

(25)

Background and History

(1)

Permanent Loads

(1)

Dead Load

(1)

Superimposed Dead Load

(1)

Pressures

(1)

Temporary Loads

(1)

Vehicle Live Load

(3)

Earthquake Loading

100

(4)

Wind Loading

104

(1)

Channel Forces

105

(3)

Longitudinal Forces

108

(1)

Centrifugal Forces

109

(1)

Impact (Dynamic Load Allowance)

109

(1)

Construction Loads

110

(1)

Deformation and Response Loads

110

(1)

Creep

111

(1)

Shrinkage

111

(1)

Settlement

112

(1)

Uplift

112

(1)

Thermal Forces

113

(1)

Group Loading Combinations

114

(1)

AASHTO Standard Specifications

115

(1)

AASHTO LRFD Specifications

116

(3)

Design Methods

119

(7)

Working Stress Design

120

(2)

Limit States Design

122

(1)

Background and History

123

(2)

The Many Names of Working Stress and Limit States

125

(1)

Allowable Stress Design

125

(1)

Service Load Design

125

(1)

Load Factor Design

125

(1)

Strength Design

125

(1)

Ultimate Strength

126

(1)

Load and Resistance Factor Design

126

(1)

Internal Forces

126

(2)

Bending Force

127

(1)

Shear Force

127

(1)

Torsional Force

127

(1)

Axial Force

128

(1)

Load Distribution

128

(9)

How Loads Are Distributed

129

(5)

Different Types of Load Distribution

134

(1)

Interior Longitudinal Members

134

(1)

Exterior Longitudinal Members

134

(1)

Transverse Members

135

(1)

Multibeam Concrete Decks (Concrete Panels)

136

(1)

Conclusions

137

(1)

Concrete Deck Slabs

137

(25)

Effective Span Length

139

(1)

Calculation of Bending Moment

140

(1)

Main Reinforcement Perpendicular to Traffic

141

(1)

Main Reinforcement Parallel to Traffic

142

(2)

Dead Load Moments

144

(1)

Total Factored Moment

144

(1)

Distribution Reinforcement

144

(2)

Minimum Slab Thickness

146

(1)

Railing Loads

146

(2)

AASHTO LRFD Method

148

(1)

Slab Reinforcement Details

149

(1)

Construction, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance

149

(1)

Increased Slab Thickness and Cover

149

(1)

Coated Reinforcement

150

(1)

Waterproofing Membrane

150

(1)

Drainage

151

(3)

Snow and Ice Removal

154

(1)

Patching

154

(3)

Sealing

157

(1)

Cathodic Protection

158

(2)

Conclusions

160

(2)

Composite Steel Members

162

(54)

Composite Action

162

(4)

Shored and Unshored Construction

166

(1)

Effective Flange Width

167

(2)

The Transformed Section

169

(1)

Effects of Creep

170

(2)

Choosing a Rolled Section

172

(1)

Compute Design Moments and Shear Forces

172

(4)

Total Factored Moment and Shear Forces

176

(1)

Choosing a Section

177

(1)

Composite Section Strength - LFD Method

178

(4)

Composite Section Strength - LRFD Method

182

(5)

Conclusions

187

(1)

Shear Connector Design

188

(1)

Fatigue

188

(5)

Additional Geometric Constraints

193

(1)

Effect of Stay-in-Place Forms

194

(1)

Ultimate Strength

194

(6)

Cover Plates

200

(1)

Advantages of a Cover Plate

201

(1)

Cover Plate Area

202

(1)

Cover Plate Length

202

(2)

Fatigue - AASHTO Standard Specifications

204

(4)

Fatigue - AASHTO LRFD Specifications

208

(1)

Welds

208

(2)

Problems with Cover Plates

210

(1)

Bearing Stiffeners with Rolled Beams

211

(1)

Deflections

212

(2)

Camber

214

(2)

Plate Girders

216

(16)

Hybrid Girders

217

(1)

Elements of a Plate Girder

217

(1)

Flange Plate Thickness

217

(1)

Flange Plate Economy

218

(1)

Web Thickness

218

(1)

Web Plate Economy

219

(1)

Transverse Intermediate Stiffeners

220

(5)

Transverse Intermediate Stiffener Economy

225

(1)

Bearing Stiffeners

225

(1)

Longitudinal Stiffeners

226

(2)

Longitudinal Stiffener Economy

228

(1)

Miscellaneous Economy Issues

228

(1)

Lateral Bracing for Plate Girders

229

(1)

Where Bracing Is Located

229

(1)

Bracing as a Function of Span Length

230

(1)

Placement and Types of Lateral Bracing

230

(1)

Eliminating Lateral Bracing

231

(1)

Economy of Lateral Bracing

231

(1)

Cross-Frames for Plate Girders

231

(1)

Continuous Beams

232

(50)

Advantages of Continuous Beams

232

(1)

Rolled Sections as Continuous Beams

233

(1)

Moment Distribution

234

(1)

Overview

234

(1)

Fixed End Moments

235

(1)

Relative Beam Stiffness

235

(1)

Fixity Factor

236

(1)

Stiffness Factor

236

(1)

Distribution Factor

236

(1)

Carry Over Factor

236

(1)

Method Synopsis

237

(1)

Influence Lines

237

(5)

General Moment Support Equation

242

(1)

Unit Loads

243

(1)

Influence Data at Intermediate Points

243

(2)

Predefined Tables

245

(2)

Using Influence Lines

247

(2)

Area under an Influence Line

249

(1)

Conclusions

250

(3)

Alternate Method for Analysis of Continuous Beams

253

(9)

Live Load on Continuous Beam Structures

262

(1)

Negative Moment Using Influence Lines

263

(1)

Special Load Points

264

(2)

Maximum Shear

266

(1)

Impact for Continuous Beams

266

(1)

Composite Section in Negative Bending

267

(1)

AASHTO Standard Specifications

267

(1)

AASHTO LRFD Specifications

268

(4)

Conclusions

272

(1)

Beam Splices

272

(1)

Required Strength

273

(1)

Welded Splices

274

(1)

Bolted Splices

275

(3)

Bolted Web Splices

278

(1)

Bolted Flange Splices

278

(2)

Hanger Assemblies

280

(2)

Protecting Steel Superstructures

282

(33)

Protective Coating Systems

282

(1)

Background and History

282

(2)

The Nature of Steel Corrosion

284

(2)

Inhibitive Primers

286

(1)

Sacrificial Primers

286

(2)

Barrier Coatings

288

(1)

Surface Preparation

288

(6)

Overcoating

294

(1)

Micaceous Iron Oxide (MIO) Coatings

295

(2)

Conclusions

297

(1)

Containment and Disposal of Paint Waste

298

(1)

Background and History

299

(1)

Containment Devices

300

(5)

Recycling Abrasives

305

(1)

Disposal Methods

306

(1)

Conclusions

307

(2)

Weathering Steel

309

(1)

Background and History

309

(1)

Material Properties of Weathering Steel

309

(1)

Environmental Considerations

310

(1)

Maintenance of Weathering Steel

310

(1)

Inspection of Weathering Steel

311

(1)

Rehabilitation of Weathering Steel

312

(1)

Conclusions

312

(1)

Galvanizing

313

(1)

Overview

313

(1)

Benefits and Drawbacks

314

(1)

Conclusions

314

(1)

Load Rating

315

(9)

Inventory and Operating Ratings

315

(1)

Field Measurements and Inspection

316

(1)

Loading the Structure

316

(1)

Working Stress Method

317

(1)

Steel and Wrought Iron

318

(1)

Conventionally Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete

319

(1)

Timber

319

(1)

Load Factor Method

319

(2)

LRFD Method

321

(1)

Overview

322

(1)

The Concept of Safe Evaluation

322

(1)

Conclusions

323

(1)

Prestressed Concrete

324

(29)

Overview of Prestressed Concrete

325

(1)

Pretensioned Beams

326

(1)

Posttensioned Beams

327

(1)

Application of Pre-and Posttensioned Concrete

328

(1)

Prestressing Steels

328

(2)

Concrete for Prestressing

330

(1)

Composite Beams

330

(1)

Advantages

330

(2)

Effective Flange Width

332

(2)

Horizontal Shear

334

(2)

Required Prestress Force

336

(6)

Loss of Prestress

342

(1)

Elastic Shortening of Concrete

342

(2)

Shrinkage of Concrete

344

(2)

Creep of Concrete

346

(1)

Friction

346

(3)

Relaxation of Prestressing Steel

349

(1)

Total Loss

350

(1)

Estimated Losses

350

(1)

Allowable Stresses

350

(1)

Flexural Strength

351

(2)

Prestressed Concrete Maintenance

353

(16)

Overview

353

(1)

Deterioration of Prestressed Concrete

354

(1)

Cracking

355

(1)

Other Forms of Concrete Corrosion

356

(1)

Deterioration of Prestressing Steel

356

(1)

Inspection of Prestressed Concrete

356

(2)

Rehabilitation of Prestressed Concrete

358

(1)

Patching

359

(1)

Permanent Formwork

359

(1)

Crack Injection

360

(1)

Sealers

361

(1)

Strengthening

361

(1)

Conclusions

361

(1)

References

362

(7)

The Substructure

369

(70)

Abutments

370

(31)

Types of Abutments

370

(1)

Gravity Abutment

371

(1)

U Abutment

371

(1)

Cantilever Abutment

371

(1)

Full Height Abutment

372

(1)

Stub Abutment

372

(1)

Semi-Stub Abutment

372

(1)

Counterfort Abutment

372

(1)

Spill-through Abutment

373

(1)

Pile Bent Abutment

373

(1)

MSE Systems

374

(1)

Coulomb Earth Pressure Theory

375

(5)

Abutment Stability - Service Load Design Method

380

(2)

Load Factor Design Method

382

(1)

Load and Resistance Factor Design Method

382

(1)

Bridge Engineering : Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges

9780071459037

0071459030

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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Bridge Engineering : Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges

9780071459037

0071459030

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Write a Review

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