9780321994196

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0321994191 / 9780321994196 Breaking Through: College Reading

For courses in Introductory Reading (6-9 grade level).

Guides students in how to read, comprehend, and retain college-level material
The lower-level (roughly grades 6-9) text in Brenda Smith’s two-book series, Breaking Through: College Reading, Eleventh Edition motivates and helps equip students with the skills they need to achieve their academic and career goals. The text emphasizes the building of prior knowledge — or schemata — one of the most critical elements in helping developing readers achieve.

The use of actual college textbook passages offers immediate modeling and application of study and reading skills at a realistic level. Students first apply each skill to short textbook passages. They then build toward applying multiple skills to the longer academic selections that conclude most chapters.

Also Available with MyReadingLab™
This title is also available with MyReadingLab–an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them develop their reading skills and promotes transference of those skills to college-level work. The three selections found at the conclusion of most chapters — including the apparatus built around them — are now available in MyReadingLab, giving students and instructors an even easier way of doing, evaluating, and tracking the course work.

Preface

Chapter 1 SUCCESSFUL READING

Think Success

Set Goals • Create a Positive Attitude • Persevere

READING 1 • “Bouncing Back From Failure ” (890 L/367 words)
by Marelisa Fábrega, 5 Tips for Overcoming Failure

“There’s an old Japanese proverb that counsels: ‘Fall seven times, stand up eight.’ But how do you get back up when you’ve fallen flat on your face?”

Act Successful

Manage Your Time • Study the Course Syllabus • Preview Your Textbooks • Mark Your Textbooks

Test Smart on Reading Comprehension

Before the Test: Prepare Mentally and Physically • During the Test: Relax and Focus • After the Test: Assess Your Preparation and Learn from Test Results

Recognize Common Types of Comprehension Questions

READING 2 • “Saltwater Slaves ” (1170 L/704 words)

from Created Equal: A History of the United States, Fourth Edition, by Jacqueline Jones, et al.

“Pregnant mothers gave birth or miscarried; women were subjected to abuse and rape by the crew. Sailors threw the dead to the sharks and even used corpses as bait, catching sharks that they fed to the captives.”

Main Idea Questions • Detail Questions • Inference Questions • Author’s Purpose Questions • Vocabulary Questions • Essay Questions

Read Efficiently

Match Rate to Purpose • Increase Reading Rate

READING 3 • “Children May Be Hazardous to Your Happiness ” (1220L/472 words) 22
from Development Across the Lifespan, Sixth Edition, by Robert S. Feldman

“Research shows that not only does having children not necessarily produce increased happiness, but also it may actually reduce it.”

Be Aggressive—Attack! • Concentrate • Stop Regressions • Avoid Vocalization • Expand Fixations • Use a Pen as a Pacer • Preview Before Reading • Set a Time Goal for an Assignment • Practice

Summary Points

Everyday Reading Skills Using Mnemonics

Chapter 2 STAGES OF READING

What Is the Reading Process?

Stages of Reading

Stage One: Preview • Stage Two: Integrate Knowledge • Stage Three: Recall

Assess Your Progress as a Learner

Levels of Reading Comprehension

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“Was Eric Clark Insane or Just Troubled?” (1040L/1361 words)
from Pauline Arrillaga, The Associated Press

“Should Clark be imprisoned, treated for his mental illness, or both?”

SELECTION 2 • ESSAY "Run the Race . . . It’s Yours to Run” (1270L/834 words)
from Calvin Mackie, PhD, The Black Collegian

“When I graduated from high school with an 800 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) score and began Morehouse College in remedial reading, there were not too many people betting that four years later I would graduate number one in mathematics. . . .”

SELECTION 3 • ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

“Plastics” (840L/480 words)
by E. Andrew Boyd, in Houston Public Radio’s Engines of our Ingenuity

“Recycling plastic isn’t as simple as just melting it down and forming it into something new. . . .”

VOCABULARY LESSON: Not, Not, and Not

Everyday Reading Skills Selecting a Book

Chapter 3 TEXTBOOK LEARNING

Expect to Learn from Reading

Annotate

When to Annotate • How to Annotate Take Notes When to Take Notes • The Cornell Method of Note Taking • Summarizing • Outlining • Mapping

Take Organized Lecture Notes

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • BUSINESS

“Marketing Online: The Web Knows What You Want” (1430L/1137 words)
from Marketing: An Introduction, Eleventh Edition, by Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler

“Thanks to the growing world of blogs, social networks, and other Internet forums, marketers now have near real-time access to a flood of online consumer information.”

SELECTION 2 • COMMUNICATION

“Eye Communication” (1180L/1114 words)
from The Interpersonal Communication Book, Thirteenth Edition, by Joseph A. DeVito

“In much of the United States, direct eye contact is considered an expression of honesty and forthrightness. But the Japanese often view eye contact as a lack of respect.”

SELECTION 3 • HEALTH

“Behavior Change” (1190L/1294 words)
from Health: The Basics, Fifth Edition, by Rebecca J. Donatelle

“On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and resolve to begin to change a given behavior ‘today.’”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON: For or Against?

Everyday Reading Skills Reading News and Feature Stories in the Newspaper

Chapter 4 VOCABULARY

Expanding Vocabulary

Unlocking Meaning While Reading • Remembering New Words

Types of Context Clues

Definition • Elaborating Details • Elaborating Examples • Comparison • Contrast • Multiple Meanings of a Word

Word Parts

Roots • Prefixes • Suffixes

Dictionaries

Guide Words • Pronunciation • Spelling • Word Meaning • Parts of Speech • Word History • Word Origins

Thesaurus

Textbook Glossary

Analogies

Easily Confused Words

Enriching Your Vocabulary

Summary Points

VOCABULARY LESSON: Before and After

Everyday Reading Skills Getting Information from News Web Sites and Online Communities

Chapter 5 TOPIC, MAIN IDEA, AND SUPPORTING DETAILS

What Is a Topic? What Is a Main Idea?

What Are Major and Minor Supporting Details?

Identifying Topics

Recognize General and Specific Words • Recognize General and Specific Phrases • Recognize the General Topic for Sentences

Identifying Topics and Main Ideas

Recognize General and Supporting Sentences • Differentiate Topic, Main Idea, and Supporting Details

Answering Topic and Main Idea Test Questions

Differentiate Distractors in Test Questions About the Topic

Questioning for the Main Idea

Establish the Topic • Identify the Key Supporting Details • Focus on the Message of the Topic • Stated Main Ideas • Unstated Main Ideas • Getting the Main Idea of Longer Selections

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • HEALTH

“The Dark Side of Food Science” (1240L/1843 words)
by Catherine Guthrie, in Experience Life Magazine

“Commercial foods like chicken nuggets, French fries, chips, crackers, cookies and pastries are designed to be virtually irresistible. And, for a lot of reasons most of us don’t fully understand, they are.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 2 • PSYCHOLOGY

“Sleep” (1230L/1364 words)
from Mastering the World of Psychology, Fifth Edition, by Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise Boyd

“In fact, consistent sleep habits are probably important to getting good grades. Why?”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 3 • HISTORY

“The Dream of Nonviolent Reform” (1210L/878 words)
in From These Beginnings, Sixth Edition, Volume Two, by Roderick Nash and Gregory Graves

“King’s eloquence dramatized the anguish of black history.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON: One Too Many

Everyday Reading Skills Researching Online

Chapter 6 SUPPORTING DETAILS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS

What Are Supporting Details?

Recognize Levels of Importance • The Roles of Major and Minor Details

Follow Detailed Directions

Patterns of Organization

Simple Listing • Classification • Definitions With Examples • Description • Time Order, Sequence, or Narration • Comparison and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Clues to the Organizational Pattern

Summary

SELECTION 1 • COMMUNICATION

“Excuses and Apologies” (1100L/1315 words)

from The Interpersonal Communication Book, Thirteenth Edition, by Joseph DeVito

“Despite your best efforts, there are times when you’ll say or do the wrong thing and an excuse and/or an apology may be necessary .”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 2 • SCIENCE

“Golden Rice” (1370L/590 words)
from Biology: Life on Earth, Tenth Edition, by Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers

“Is Golden Rice the best way, or the only way, to solve the problems of malnutrition in poor people?”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 3 • BUSINESS

“When Interview Questions Turn Illegal” (1070L/1277 words)
from Interviewing for Success, by Arthur H. Bell and Dayle M. Smith

“You’re probably aware that interviewers are not supposed to ask you certain questions. There are five areas of special sensitivity in selection interviewing.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON: See, Hear, and Voice Your Concerns

Everyday Reading Skills Reading and Organizing Research Materials

Chapter 7 INFERENCE

What Is an Inference?

Inference From Cartoons

Understanding Inferences

Recognizing Suggested Meaning • Connecting With Prior Knowledge • Recognizing Slanted Language • Drawing Conclusions

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • LITERATURE: SHORT STORY

“A Deal in Diamonds” (690L/1732 words)
by Edward D. Hoch, in Ellery Queen’s Mystery Magazine

“It was seeing a girl toss a penny into the plaza fountain that gave Pete Hopkins the idea.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 2 • HISTORY

“The Strange Career of Christopher Columbus” (1140L/850 words)
from American Stories: A History of the United States, Combined Edition,by H. W. Brands, et al.

“If it had not been for Christopher Columbus (Cristoforo Colombo), Spain might never have gained an American empire.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 3 • CRIMINAL JUSTICE

“Human Smuggling and Trafficking” (1330L/1518 words)
from Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, Twelfth Edition, by Frank Schmalleger; and Facts and Issues “Human Trafficking in Texas: A Study by the League of Women Voters of Texas Education Fund,” Summer 2013

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON: Call Out and Remember to Send

Everyday Reading Skills Reading Newspaper Editorials

Chapter 8 ANALYTICAL REASONING

What Is Analytical Thinking?

Engage in Problem Solving

Analytical Reasoning in Textbooks

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • BUSINESS

“Motivating Yourself” (1010L/1358 words)
from Your Attitude Is Showing, Ninth Edition, by Elwood N. Chapman and Sharon Lund O’Neil
“How can you motivate yourself to live close to your potential despite a negative environment?”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 2 • SCIENCE

“Profile of a Hurricane” (1220L/1291 words)
from The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Twelfth Edition, by Frederick Lutgens and Edward Tarbuck

“Places such as islands in the South Pacific and the Caribbean are known for their lack of significant day-to-day variations. . . . It is ironic that these relatively tranquil regions occasionally produce some of the most violent storms on Earth.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 3 • SOCIOLOGY

“Gender and Social Institutions” (1230L/1790 words)
from Social Problems, Fifth Edition, by John J. Macionis

“At countless bridal showers, women celebrate a friend’s upcoming marriage by showering her with gifts to help her keep house. But the scene is very different at bachelor parties, where men give their friend one last fling before he must settle down to the constraints and humdrum routines of married life.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON:Turn and Throw

Everyday Reading Skills Reading Credit Card Offers

Chapter 9 CRITICAL READING

What Do Critical Readers Do?

Recognize the Author’s Purpose or Intent • Recognize the Author’s Point of View or Bias • Recognize the Author’s Tone • Distinguish Fact From Opinion • Recognize Valid and Invalid Support for Arguments

Summary Points

SELECTION 1 • ESSAY

“Shedding the Weight of My Dad’s Obsession” (1050L/842 words)
from Newsweek, November 13, 2000, by Linda Lee Andujar

“I heard the garage door rumble shut, and I knew that Daddy was home. He came in the back door, kissed Mother, and asked what my weight was for the day.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 2 • ESSAY

“Operation D-Minus” (1010L/1290 words)
from This American Life, Huffington Post, Houston Chronicle, and AnandTech Forums

“Justin thought it was good luck that brought this great-looking new girl into his life during his last semester of high school.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

SELECTION 3 • PSYCHOLOGY

“Eyewitness Testimony” (1260L/1060 words)
from Mastering the World of Psychology, Fifth Edition, by Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise Boyd

“As you’ll see, research on remembering, forgetting, and the biology of memory can help us understand eyewitness testimony.”

VOCABULARY ENRICHMENT

VOCABULARY LESSON: Bend, Born, and Body

Everyday Reading Skills Evaluating Internet Information

Chapter 10 SURVIVOR CASEBOOK: APPLY YOUR READING SKILLS

Survivors

What Motivates a Person to Survive?

SELECTION 1 • SURVIVORS OF SEX TRAFFICKING: Narrative

“Barbara Amaya’s Story” (950L/731 words)
from http://richmondjusticeinitiative.com/human-trafficking/survival-stories by Barbara Amaya

“When I ran away, I was a walking target for traffickers and predators who look for damaged children: I had been abused; I was depressed and was in desperate need of help.”

SELECTION 2 • SURVIVOR OF CANCER: Narrative

“Gary Bonacker: Biking for Life” (1000L/369 words)

from Cancer Adventures, by Marlys Johnson

“There’s not a day that I don’t go into a dark place, thinking about things I might miss. . . .”

SELECTION 3 • SURVIVORS OF SERIOUS DEBT: Newspaper Feature Article
“The Harbs: Couple Escapes Credit Card Debt and Keeps Marriage” (1050L/905 words)
by Catherine New, in the Huffington Post, June 18, 2012

“On their fifth wedding anniversary, Scott and Jacynta Harb were broke and living off credit cards.”

SELECTION 4 • SURVIVOR OF YOUTH HOMELESSNESS: Essay

“Jess’s Story: The New Face of Homelessness” (1060L/1229 words)
from www.theshawhouse.org, by Rick Tardiff

“National organizations like Homeless Youth Among Us quote well over a million children in the United States are living on the streets or couch surfing on any given day.”

SELECTION 5 • SURVIVOR OF PERSONAL TRAGEDY: Newspaper Feature Article

“Austin Hatch: Basketball Dreams Deferred…and Achieved” (1210L/966 words)
from The Daily Mail; http://www.dailymail.co.uk

“I’m not sure there is anyone who has been through and survived two plane crashes.”

Synthesize

Create

VOCABULARY LESSON: Come Together, Hold Together, and Shut

Everyday Reading Skills Managing Workplace Reading

Appendix 1 Sample Textbook Chapter
Chapter 9: “Interpersonal Relationships,” from Interpersonal Messages: Communication and Relationship Skills, Third Edition, by Joseph A. DeVito

Appendix 2 Word Parts: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes

Appendix 3 Spelling Confusing Words

Appendix 4 ESL: Making Sense of Figurative Language and Idioms

Appendix 5 Test-Taking Preparation and Practice

Appendix 6 Practice for Reading Efficiency

Glossary

Acknowledgments

Index

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Breaking Through College Reading

Breaking Through College Reading

0321994191

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials