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Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

by: Greenspan, Francis S.

Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

by: Greenspan, Francis S.

ISBN 13:
9780071402972
ISBN 10:
0071402977
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 08/18/2003
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical
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Summary

The best-selling reference in endocrinology! Authoritative, concise, and current, this "all-in-one" text focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endocrine disorders. Written by recognized authorities and featuring more than 350 two-color illustrations, the Seventh Edition has been updated to reflect the latest in diagnostic testing and molecular biology as well as new approaches to medical management.

Authors	p. xii
Preface	p. xvi
Introduction to Endocrinology	p. 1
The Endocrine System	p. 2
Hormones: Endocrine, Paracrine, & Autocrine Actions	p. 3
Chemical Composition of Hormones	p. 3
Relationships between Hormones & Other Signaling Molecules	p. 4
Neurotransmitters & Hormones	p. 4
Vitamins & Hormones	p. 5
Oncogenes & Hormones	p. 5
The Immune System & Hormones	p. 5
Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins & Related Compounds	p. 6
Mechanisms of Hormone Action	p. 6
Hormone Receptors	p. 6
Hormone Effects on Receptor Activity	p. 8
Classes of Hormone Action	p. 8
Classification of Hormone Action by Receptor Type	p. 8
Classification of Hormone Action by Ligand Type	p. 9
Mechanisms of Ligand Action	p. 10
Regulation of Hormone Responsiveness	p. 11
Hormone Responses Can Be Self-Limiting	p. 11
Different Signals Influence Hormone Responsiveness	p. 11
Modulation of Hormone Levels	p. 12
Hormone Synthesis	p. 12
Regulation of Hormone Production	p. 12
Hormone Transport in the Circulation	p. 13
Transport of Hormones across the Membrane	p. 14
Metabolism & Elimination of Hormones	p. 14
Recombinant DNA, Genomics, Proteomics, & Endocrinology	p. 15
Sequencing of the Human Genome	p. 16
Genomics & Patterns of Transcription	p. 16
Proteomics	p. 16
Molecular Basis of Genetic Endocrine Disease	p. 17
Evolution of the Endocrine System	p. 17
The Origins of Regulatory Chemicals & the Metabolic Code	p. 18
Evolution of Hormones & Receptors	p. 18
Evolution of Multiple Hormone Response Systems	p. 19
Evolution of Endocrine Glands	p. 19
Integrative Networks	p. 19
Endocrine & Nervous System Relationships: Neuroendocrinology	p. 19
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships	p. 20
Endocrine Organs & Hormone Production	p. 21
Actions of Hormones	p. 21
Hormone Release	p. 21
Fetal Development	p. 21
Cell Growth & Cancer	p. 21
Hormonal Effects on Intermediary Metabolism	p. 22
Hormonal Effects on Mineral & Water Metabolism	p. 22
Hormonal Effects on Cardiovascular & Renal Function	p. 22
Hormonal Effects on Skeletal Function	p. 23
Hormonal Effects on Reproductive Function	p. 23
Hormonal Effects on the Immune System	p. 23
Hormonal Effects on the Central Nervous System	p. 23
Selective Modulation	p. 24
Disorders of the Endocrine System	p. 24
Endocrine Hypofunction	p. 25
Endocrine Hyperfunction	p. 25
Defects in Sensitivity to Hormones	p. 26
Syndromes of Hormone Excess Due to Administration of Exogenous Hormone	p. 27
Nonendocrine Problems Associated with Endocrine Disease	p. 28
Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease	p. 28
Evidence-Based Endocrinology	p. 28
History & Physical Examination	p. 29
Laboratory Studies	p. 29
Screening for Endocrine Diseases	p. 33
Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests	p. 34
Treatment of Endocrine Diseases	p. 34
Uses of Hormones & Selective Modulators in Therapy of Nonendocrine Disease	p. 35
Hormone Synthesis & Release	p. 38
Compartmentation of Eukaryotic Cells in Relation to Hormone Synthesis & Release	p. 38
Overview of Hormone Biosynthesis	p. 39
Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Hormone Export	p. 40
Hormone Export Not Mediated by Membrane Vesicles	p. 51
Metabolism, Transport, Elimination, & Regulation of Hormones	p. 56
Mechanisms of Hormone Action	p. 61
Receptors	p. 62
Neurotransmitter & Peptide Hormone Receptors	p. 63
G Protein-Coupled Receptors	p. 64
G Protein Transducers	p. 65
G Protein Disorders	p. 66
Effectors	p. 67
G Protein-Coupled Receptors & Human Disease	p. 68
Growth Factor Receptors	p. 70
Cytokine Receptors	p. 73
Guanylyl Cyclase-Linked Receptors	p. 73
Nuclear Action of Peptide Hormones	p. 74
Nuclear Receptors	p. 75
Steroid Receptor Family	p. 76
Thyroid Receptor Family	p. 77
Nongenomic Effects of the Steroid Hormones	p. 82
Steroid & Thyroid Hormone Receptor Resistance Syndromes	p. 83
Endocrine Autoimmunity	p. 85
Basic Immune Components & Mechanisms	p. 86
Immune Recognition & Response	p. 87
Tolerance	p. 90
Autoimmunity Is Multifactorial	p. 95
Genetic Factors in Autoimmunity	p. 95
Environmental Factors in Autoimmunity	p. 96
Single Gland Autoimmune Syndromes	p. 96
Autoimmune Aspects of Thyroid Disease	p. 97
Autoimmune Aspects of Type 1 Diabetes	p. 98
Autoimmune Aspects of Other Endocrinopathies	p. 100
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes	p. 103
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I (APS-I)	p. 103
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II (APS-II)	p. 103
Management of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes	p. 104
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland	p. 106
Hypothalamic Hormones	p. 111
Anterior Pituitary Hormones	p. 119
ACTH & Related Peptides	p. 119
Growth Hormone	p. 120
Prolactin	p. 125
Thyrotropin	p. 126
Gonadotropins: Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone	p. 128
Endocrinologic Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis	p. 129
Evaluation of ACTH	p. 129
Evaluation of Growth Hormone	p. 131
Evaluation of Prolactin	p. 132
Evaluation of TSH	p. 132
Evaluation of LH & FSH	p. 132
Problems in Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis	p. 133
Effects of Pharmacologic Agents on Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function	p. 133
Endocrine Tests of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Function	p. 133
Neuroradiologic Evaluation	p. 136
Pituitary & Hypothalamic Disorders	p. 136
Empty Sella Syndrome	p. 138
Hypothalamic Dysfunction	p. 139
Hypopituitarism	p. 140
Pituitary Adenomas	p. 147
Posterior Pituitary	p. 163
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH; Vasopressin)	p. 163
Oxytocin	p. 164
Control of Water Balance	p. 164
Diabetes Insipidus	p. 167
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)	p. 170
Growth	p. 176
Normal Growth	p. 176
Intrauterine Growth	p. 176
The Placenta	p. 177
Classic Hormones of Growth & Fetal Growth	p. 177
Growth Factors & Oncogenes in Fetal Growth	p. 177
Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Receptors, & Binding Proteins	p. 177
Insulin	p. 178
Epidermal Growth Factor	p. 178
Fetal Origins of Adult Disease	p. 179
Postnatal Growth	p. 179
Measurement of Growth	p. 187
Skeletal (Bone) Age	p. 191
Disorders of Growth	p. 194
Short Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes	p. 194
Short Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders	p. 198
The Diagnosis of Short Stature	p. 210
Tall Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes	p. 211
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome	p. 212
Tall Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders	p. 212
The Thyroid Gland	p. 215
Anatomy & Histology	p. 216
Physiology	p. 216
Structure of Thyroid Hormones	p. 216
Iodine Metabolism	p. 216
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis & Secretion	p. 219
Abnormalities in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis & Release	p. 224
Thyroid Hormone Transport	p. 225
Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones	p. 227
Control of Thyroid Function	p. 232
The Action of Thyroid Hormones	p. 238
Physiologic Changes in Thyroid Function	p. 241
Thyroid Autoimmunity	p. 243
Tests of Thyroid Function	p. 244
Tests of Thyroid Hormones in Blood	p. 244
Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis	p. 245
Iodine Metabolism & Biosynthetic Activity	p. 245
Thyroid Imaging	p. 247
Thyroid Ultrasonography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 248
Thyroid Biopsy	p. 249
Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Peripheral Tissues	p. 249
Measurement of Thyroid Autoantibodies	p. 250
Summary: Clinical Use of Thyroid Function Tests	p. 250
Disorders of the Thyroid	p. 251
Hypothyroidism	p. 251
Hyperthyroidism & Thyrotoxicosis	p. 260
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromes	p. 272
Nontoxic Goiter	p. 273
Thyroiditis	p. 275
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Thyroid Gland	p. 278
Thyroid Nodules & Thyroid Cancer	p. 279
Metabolic Bone Disease	p. 295
Cellular & Extracellular Calcium Metabolism	p. 295
Parathyroid Hormone	p. 296
Calcitonin	p. 302
Vitamin D	p. 304
Integrated Control of Mineral Homeostasis	p. 311
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma	p. 311
Hypercalcemia	p. 313
Disorders Causing Hypercalcemia	p. 314
Treatment of Hypercalcemia	p. 323
Hypocalcemia	p. 324
Causes of Hypocalcemia	p. 325
Treatment of Hypocalcemia	p. 329
Bone Anatomy & Remodeling	p. 330
Functions of Bone	p. 330
Structure of Bone	p. 330
Bone Remodeling	p. 332
Osteoporosis	p. 335
Treatment of Osteoporosis	p. 338
Nonpharmacologic Aspects of Osteoporosis Management	p. 343
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis	p. 343
Osteomalacia & Rickets	p. 345
Nephrotic Syndrome	p. 348
Hepatic Osteodystrophy	p. 349
Drug-Induced Osteomalacia	p. 349
Hypophosphatemic Disorders	p. 349
Calcium Deficiency	p. 351
Primary Disorders of the Bone Matrix	p. 351
Inhibitors of Mineralization	p. 352
Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)	p. 352
Renal Osteodystrophy	p. 357
Glucocorticoids & Adrenal Androgens	p. 362
Embryology & Anatomy	p. 363
Biosynthesis of Cortisol & Adrenal Androgens	p. 364
Circulation of Cortisol & Adrenal Androgens	p. 371
Metabolism of Cortisol & Adrenal Androgens	p. 371
Biologic Effects of Adrenal Steroids	p. 372
Glucocorticoids	p. 372
Adrenal Androgens	p. 380
Laboratory Evaluation	p. 380
Disorders of Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 384
Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's Disease)	p. 384
Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 389
Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 390
Treatment of Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 393
Prognosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 395
Cushing's Syndrome	p. 395
Hirsutism & Virilism	p. 408
Incidental Adrenal Mass	p. 408
Glucocorticoid Therapy for Nonendocrine Disorders	p. 410
Endocrine Hypertension	p. 414
Hypertension of Adrenal Origin	p. 414
Synthesis, Metabolism, & Action of Mineralocorticoid Hormones	p. 414
Pathogenesis of Mineralocorticoid Hypertension	p. 416
Aldosterone & the Heart	p. 417
Primary Aldosteronism	p. 417
Syndromes Due to Excess Deoxycorticosterone Production	p. 422
Cushing's Syndrome	p. 424
Pseudohyperaldosteronism	p. 425
Type II Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Arnold-Healy-Gordon Syndrome)	p. 427
Hypertension of Renal Origin	p. 428
The Renin-Angiotensin System	p. 428
The Renin-Angiotensin System & Hypertension	p. 431
Other Hormone Systems & Hypertension	p. 435
Insulin	p. 435
Natriuretic Peptides	p. 436
Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor	p. 436
Endothelin	p. 436
Kallikrein-Kinin System	p. 437
Other Hormones & Autacoids	p. 437
Sympathetic Nervous System	p. 437
Adrenal Medulla	p. 439
History	p. 439
Anatomy	p. 440
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla	p. 441
Catecholamines	p. 441
Other Hormones	p. 451
Disorders of Adrenal Medullary Function	p. 451
Adrenal Medullary Hypofunction	p. 451
Adrenal Medullary Hyperfunction	p. 453
Pheochromocytoma	p. 453
Testes	p. 478
Anatomy & Structure-Function Relationships	p. 478
Testes	p. 478
Accessory Structures	p. 480
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System	p. 480
Gonadal Steroids	p. 480
Control of Testicular Function	p. 483
Evaluation of Male Gonadal Function	p. 484
Clinical Evaluation	p. 484
Laboratory Tests of Testicular Function	p. 486
Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Male Gonadal Disorders	p. 488
Androgens	p. 489
Gonadotropins	p. 490
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone	p. 490
Clinical Male Gonadal Disorders	p. 490
Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY Seminiferous Tubule Dysgenesis)	p. 491
Bilateral Anorchia (Vanishing Testes Syndrome)	p. 493
Cryptorchidism	p. 494
Noonan's Syndrome (Male Turner's Syndrome)	p. 496
Myotonic Dystrophy	p. 497
Adult Leydig Cell Failure (Andropause)	p. 499
Male Infertility	p. 500
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)	p. 502
Gynecomastia	p. 505
Testicular Tumors	p. 508
Female Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility	p. 511
Embryology & Anatomy	p. 511
Ovarian Steroidogenesis	p. 514
Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle	p. 514
Menstrual Disturbances	p. 522
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea	p. 522
Pituitary Amenorrhea	p. 525
Ovarian Amenorrhea	p. 528
Adrenal Causes of Amenorrhea	p. 535
Outflow Tract Disorders	p. 538
Menopause	p. 539
Oocyte Depletion	p. 540
Endocrine System Changes with Aging	p. 541
Menopausal Consequences	p. 542
Infertility	p. 544
Diagnosis of Infertility	p. 545
Management of the Infertile Couple	p. 546
Contraception	p. 547
Oral Contraceptives	p. 548
Contraception: Long-Acting Contraceptives	p. 555
Emergency Contraception	p. 561
Abnormalities of Sexual Determination & Differentiation	p. 564
Normal Sex Differentiation	p. 564
Testicular & Ovarian Differentiation	p. 569
Psychosexual Differentiation	p. 576
Abnormal Sex Differentiation	p. 576
Seminiferous Tubule Dysgenesis: Chromatin-Positive Klinefelter's Syndrome & Its Variants	p. 576
Syndrome of Gonadal Dysgenesis: Turner's Syndrome & Its Variants	p. 579
True Hermaphroditism	p. 583
Female Pseudohermaphroditism	p. 584
P450 Aromatase Deficiency	p. 589
Maternal Androgens & Progestogens	p. 589
Male Pseudohermaphroditism	p. 589
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in Males	p. 599
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in Females	p. 601
Management of Patients with Intersex Problems	p. 601
Puberty	p. 608
Physiology of Puberty	p. 608
Delayed Puberty or Absent Puberty (Sexual Infantilism)	p. 617
Precocious Puberty (Sexual Precocity)	p. 628
The Endocrinology of Pregnancy	p. 637
Conception & Implantation	p. 637
Fetal-Placental-Decidual Unit	p. 638
Polypeptide Hormones	p. 641
Steroid Hormones	p. 642
Maternal Adaptation to Pregnancy	p. 643
Fetal Endocrinology	p. 647
Endocrine Control of Parturition	p. 649
Endocrinology of the Puerperium	p. 650
Endocrine Disorders & Pregnancy	p. 652
Pituitary Disorders	p. 652
Pregnancy & Breast Cancer	p. 653
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	p. 654
Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy	p. 655
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy	p. 656
Pancreatic Hormones & Diabetes Mellitus	p. 658
The Endocrine Pancreas	p. 658
Anatomy & Histology	p. 658
Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas	p. 660
Diabetes Mellitus	p. 669
Classification	p. 669
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus	p. 669
Type 2 Diabetes	p. 672
Other Specific Types of Diabetes	p. 675
Clinical Features of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 678
Type 1 Diabetes	p. 678
Type 2 Diabetes	p. 679
Urinalysis	p. 679
Blood Glucose Testing	p. 681
Serum Ketone Determinations	p. 682
Glycated Hemoglobin Assays	p. 682
Lipoproteins in Diabetes	p. 683
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 683
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	p. 684
Insulin Levels	p. 684
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test	p. 685
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 689
Diet	p. 689
Oral Agents for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia	p. 690
Insulin	p. 698
Steps in the Management of the Diabetic Patient	p. 704
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 711
Hypoglycemia	p. 711
Coma	p. 714
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 723
Specific Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 725
Surgery in the Diabetic Patient	p. 732
Diabetics Regulated by Diet Alone	p. 732
Diabetics Taking Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	p. 732
Diabetics Taking Insulin	p. 732
Diabetes Mellitus & Pregnancy (by John L. Kitzmiller, MD)	p. 733
Prognosis for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus	p. 741
Hypoglycemic Disorders	p. 747
Pathophysiology of the Counterregulatory Response to Neuroglycopenia	p. 747
Classification of Hypoglycemic Disorders	p. 752
Clinical Presentation of Hypoglycemia	p. 753
Specific Hypoglycemic Disorders	p. 754
Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia with Hyperinsulinism	p. 754
Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia without Hyperinsulinism	p. 762
Nonfasting Hypoglycemia (Reactive Hypoglycemia)	p. 763
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism	p. 766
Atherosclerosis	p. 766
Overview of Lipid Transport	p. 767
Differentiation of Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism	p. 771
Clinical Descriptions of Primary & Secondary Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism	p. 774
The Hypertriglyceridemias	p. 774
Primary Hypertriglyceridemia	p. 774
Secondary Hypertriglyceridemia	p. 778
The Primary Hypercholesterolemias	p. 780
Familial Hypercholesterolemia	p. 780
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia	p. 781
LP(a) Hyperlipoproteinemia	p. 781
Familial Ligand-Defective APO B	p. 781
Cholesterol 7-[alpha]-Hydroxylase Deficiency	p. 781
Secondary Hypercholesterolemia	p. 782
Hypothyroidism	p. 782
Nephrosis	p. 782
Immunoglobulin Disorders	p. 782
Anorexia Nervosa	p. 782
Cholestasis	p. 782
The Primary Hypolipidemias	p. 783
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of High-Density Lipoproteins	p. 783
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of APO B-Containing Lipoproteins	p. 784
Secondary Hypolipidemia	p. 785
Other Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism	p. 785
The Lipodystrophies	p. 785
Rare Disorders	p. 786
Treatment of Hyperlipidemia	p. 787
Dietary Factors in the Management of Lipoprotein Disorders	p. 787
Drugs Used in Treatment of Hyperlipoproteinemia	p. 789
Bile Acid Sequestrants	p. 789
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)	p. 789
Fibric Acid Derivatives	p. 790
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors	p. 790
Combined Drug Therapy	p. 791
Possible Untoward Consequences of Lipid-Lowering Therapy	p. 792
Obesity & Overweight	p. 794
Controversies & Uncertainties Regarding the Pathogenesis of Obesity	p. 804
Survey of Treatment Approaches & Their Efficacy	p. 806
Dietary Therapies	p. 806
Surgical Treatment of Obesity	p. 807
Pharmacologic Therapies	p. 807
Other Conditions Affected by Treatment of Obesity or Overweight	p. 810
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	p. 810
Hyperlipidemia	p. 812
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome	p. 812
Hypertension	p. 812
Gallstones	p. 812
Osteoarthritis & Other Weight-Sensitive States	p. 812
A Systematic Approach to the Treatment of Obesity	p. 813
Humoral Manifestations of Malignancy	p. 814
Ectopic Hormone & Receptor Syndromes	p. 814
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy	p. 815
Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome	p. 819
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) Secretion	p. 822
Non-Islet Cell Tumors & Hypoglycemia	p. 823
Other Hormones Secreted by Tumors	p. 824
Oncogenic Osteomalacia	p. 825
Gut Hormones	p. 826
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia	p. 829
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN 1)	p. 829
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN 2)	p. 834
Other Disorders Characterized by Multiple Endocrine Organ Involvement	p. 840
Geriatric Endocrinology	p. 842
Thyroid Function & Disease	p. 842
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland	p. 843
Carbohydrate Intolerance & Diabetes Mellitus	p. 847
Aging & the Physiology of Carbohydrate Intolerance	p. 847
Diabetes Mellitus	p. 847
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma	p. 849
Osteoporosis & Calcium Homeostasis	p. 850
Osteoporosis	p. 850
Hyperparathyroidism	p. 858
Changes in Water Balance	p. 858
Hypernatremia	p. 859
Hyponatremia	p. 859
Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism	p. 859
Glucocorticoids & Stress	p. 859
Disorders of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis	p. 860
Changes in Reproductive Function in Men	p. 861
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	p. 862
Endocrine Emergencies	p. 867
Myxedema Coma	p. 867
Thyroid Storm	p. 869
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis	p. 870
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis	p. 871
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency	p. 872
Pituitary Apoplexy	p. 873
Diabetic Ketoacidosis	p. 873
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma	p. 878
Hypercalcemic Crisis	p. 880
Acute Hypocalcemia	p. 882
Hyponatremia	p. 885
Diabetes Insipidus	p. 888
AIDS Endocrinopathies	p. 893
Thyroid Disorders	p. 893
Adrenal Disorders	p. 895
Bone & Mineral Disorders	p. 897
Gonadal Disorders	p. 897
Pituitary Disorders	p. 898
Pancreatic Disorders	p. 898
Lipid Disorders	p. 899
Conclusion	p. 900
Endocrine Surgery	p. 902
Introduction	p. 902
The Thyroid Gland	p. 902
Developmental Thyroid Abnormalities	p. 902
Hyperthyroidism	p. 903
Thyroiditis	p. 904
Nodular Goiter	p. 904
Thyroid Nodules	p. 904
Thyroid Cancer	p. 904
Conduct of Thyroidectomy	p. 906
The Parathyroid Gland	p. 908
Primary Hyperparathyroidism	p. 908
Persistent & Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism	p. 910
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism	p. 911
Special Consideration: Familial Hyperparathyroidism	p. 911
Complications of Parathyroid Surgery	p. 911
The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland	p. 911
Primary Hyperaldosteronism	p. 911
Hypercortisolism	p. 912
Sex Steroid Excess	p. 912
Pheochromocytoma	p. 913
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma	p. 913
Adrenal Incidentaloma	p. 913
Technique of Adrenalectomy	p. 914
The Endocrine Pancreas	p. 914
Insulinoma	p. 915
Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)	p. 916
Vipoma (Verner-Morrison) Syndrome	p. 917
Glucagonoma	p. 917
Somatostatinoma	p. 917
Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Tumors	p. 917
Normal Hormone Reference Ranges	p. 920
Index	p. 939
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Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

9780071402972

0071402977

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

9780071402972

0071402977

Summary

Table of Contents

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