Administrative Law : Bureaucracy in a Democracy

ISBN 13:
9780131184329
ISBN 10:
0131184326
Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 01/01/2009
Publisher: Pearson College Div
Newer Edition

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Summary

The underlying theme of the book examines the relationship of administrative agencies to democracy, in particular, how the law attempts to keep daily practices of government agencies accountable.The book includes discussions of bureaucracy and democracy; agency discretion and the requirement of fairness; delegation; agency rulemaking, investigations and information collection; agency adjudications; and accountability through reviewability, accessibility, and liability.For professionals practicing law, and those in the political science community.

Preface

About the Author

xix

Introduction

(12)

Administrative Law Defined

(1)

Sources of Administrative Law

(1)

Constitution

(1)

Enabling Laws

(1)

Administrative Procedure Act

(1)

Executive Orders

(1)

Administrative Agencies

(8)

The Need for Agencies

(1)

Types of Agencies

(1)

The History and Size of the Bureaucracy

(3)

The Impact of Agencies on Daily Life

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Bureaucracy and Democracy

(20)

Democracy and Accountability

(8)

Democracy Defined

(1)

Federalism

(3)

Separation of Powers

(1)

United States v. Morrison

(3)

Controlling the Bureaucracy

(8)

Bureaucracy Defined

(1)

Presidential Control

(3)

Congressional Control

(1)

Clinton v. City of New York

(2)

INS v. Chadha

(2)

Judicial Control

(1)

Conclusion

(4)

Agency Discretion

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Detriments and Benefits of Discretion

(1)

Limits on Agency Discretion

(1)

Examples of Agency Discretion

(11)

Prosecutorial Discretion

(1)

General Motors v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

(1)

Rulemaking and Policy Discretion

(1)

Claims and Applications Decisions

(1)

Protective Action

(1)

Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

(1)

Gonzalez v. Reno

(4)

Tests and Inspections Generally

(1)

Brock v. Roadway Express, Inc.

(1)

Advisory Opinions and Declaratory Orders

(1)

Mediation and Arbitration

(1)

Other Action

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

The Requirement of Fairness

(40)

Due Process in General

(1)

Protected Interests

(4)

Life

(1)

Liberty

(1)

Property

(1)

Entitlements

(1)

Governmental Employment

(1)

Licenses

(1)

Perry v. Sindermann

(1)

Utilities

(1)

Education

(1)

Cost-Benefit Analysis

(3)

Goss v. Lopez

(2)

Notice

(1)

Hearing

(9)

Where

(1)

What

(1)

When

(1)

Goldberg v. Kelly

(2)

Counsel

(1)

Gilbert v. Homar

(3)

Equal Protection

(13)

Ingraham v. Wright

(1)

Dixon v. Love

(1)

The Tests

(2)

FSK Drug Corp. v. Perales

(1)

Affirmative Action and Diversity

(1)

Grutter v. Bollinger

(4)

Gratz v. Bollinger

(2)

Fifteenth Amendment

(1)

Conclusion

(9)

Rice v. Cayetano

(8)

Delegation

(28)

What is Delegation?

(1)

Delegating Legislative Authority

(6)

United States v. Grimaud

(1)

Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan

(4)

The Nondelegation Doctrine Today

(5)

Touby v. United States

(4)

Delegating Judicial Authority

101

(8)

Whitman v. American Trucking Associations

102

(2)

South Dakota v. Department of Interior

104

(5)

Delegating to Private Agencies

109

(3)

Foley v. Osborne Court Condominium

110

(2)

Delegation and Criminal Law

112

(1)

Arrest and Detention

113

(1)

Conclusion

114

(3)

Agency Rulemaking

117

(24)

In General

117

(5)

Rulemaking and Adjudication Defined

122

(1)

The Volume of Rules

122

(1)

Types of Rules

123

(2)

Rulemaking Procedure

125

(8)

Formal Rulemaking

125

(1)

United States v. Florida East Coast Railroad

126

(2)

Informal Rulemaking

128

(1)

Exempted Rulemaking

128

(2)

Hybrid Rulemaking

130

(1)

Negotiated Rulemaking

131

(1)

Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council

132

(1)

Advisory Committees

133

(1)

Ratemaking

133

(1)

Taxation and Revenues

133

(1)

Controlling Rulemaking Authority

134

(1)

Conclusion

134

(7)

FDA v. Brown & Williamson

135

(6)

Agency Investigations and Information Collection

141

(36)

Acquiring Information

141

(1)

Recordkeeping and Reporting

142

(4)

United States v. Morton Salt Co.

143

(1)

Fifth Amendment Aspects

144

(1)

Immunity

145

(1)

Inspections, Tests, and Searches

146

(20)

Fourth Amendment Aspects

147

(2)

Camera v. Municipal Court

149

(2)

Drug, Alcohol, and AIDS Testing

151

(1)

Skinner v. Railway Labor Executive Ass'n

152

(10)

Vernonia School District v. Acton

162

(3)

Closely Regulated Businesses

165

(1)

Subpoenas

166

(5)

Donovan v. Dewey

167

(4)

Enforcement of Subpoenas

171

(1)

Parallel Proceedings

171

(1)

Paperwork Reduction Act

172

(1)

Conclusion

172

(5)

Formal Adjustications

177

(36)

In General

178

(1)

Notice

178

(1)

Parties and Participation

179

(5)

Parties in Interest and Intervention

179

(3)

Ashbacker Radio Corp. v. Federal Communications Commission

182

(1)

Other Methods of Participation

183

(1)

Discovery

184

(2)

Prehearing Conference

186

(1)

Prehearing Settlement and Alternative Dispute Resolution

187

(1)

The Hearing

187

(23)

Evidence Admissibility

187

(2)

Prejudicial Error Rule

189

(1)

Legal Residuum Rule

189

(1)

Privileged and Illegal Evidence

189

(1)

Richardson v. Perales

190

(2)

Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Lopez-Mendoza

192

(2)

Official Notice

194

(1)

Burdens

194

(1)

Standards

195

(1)

Administrative Law Judges

195

(1)

Steadman v. United States

196

(1)

Woodby v. Immigration & Naturalization Service

197

(1)

Independence

198

(1)

Interest, Bias, and Prejudgment

198

(1)

Stephens v. Merit Systems Protection Board

199

(2)

Gibson v. Berryhill

201

(2)

Separation and Combination of Functions

203

(1)

Counsel and Attorney Fees

204

(1)

The Decision

204

(1)

Institutional Decision

205

(1)

Final, Initial, and Recommended Decisions

205

(1)

Findings in Formal Adjudications

206

(1)

Findings in Informal Adjudications

206

(1)

The Right to a Jury in Administrative Proceedings

207

(1)

Observing an Administrative Hearing

208

(2)

License Cases

210

(1)

Conclusion

210

(3)

Accountability through Reviewability

213

(44)

In General

214

(1)

Sources of Review Authority

214

(3)

Statutory

214

(2)

Nonstatutory

216

(1)

Agency Discretion

217

(3)

Lincoln v. Vigil

218

(2)

Standing

220

(12)

Heckler v. Chaney

221

(2)

Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp

223

(1)

Citizen and Taxpayer

224

(1)

Qui Tam Actions

225

(1)

Federal Election Commission v. Akins

226

(3)

Environmental Cases

229

(1)

Sierra Club v. Morton

230

(2)

Competitor

232

(1)

Consumer

232

(1)

Timing of Review

232

(6)

Primary Jurisdiction

233

(1)

Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies

234

(1)

Ripeness

234

(1)

McKart v. United States

235

(3)

Scope and Standards of Review

238

(10)

Standard One: De Novo

240

(2)

Standard Two: Substantial Evidence

242

(1)

Standard Three: Arbitrary, Capricious, Abuse of Discretion

242

(1)

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Ass'n v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.

243

(1)

Issues of Law

244

(2)

Issues of Fact

246

(1)

Mixed Questions of Law and Fact

246

(1)

Issues of Discretion

246

(1)

Failure to Raise Issues

247

(1)

Alternative Rationale

247

(1)

Review of Rules

248

(1)

Common Law Doctrines

248

(5)

Res Judicata

248

(1)

Collateral Estoppel

249

(1)

Application to the Government

250

(1)

Equitable Estoppel

250

(2)

Schweiker v. Hansen

252

(1)

Laches

252

(1)

Conclusion

253

(4)

Accountability through Accessibility

257

(38)

Introduction

258

(1)

Freedom of Information Act

259

(18)

Publication Requirement

260

(1)

Failure to Publish

260

(1)

Inspection and Copying Requirement

260

(1)

Indexing

261

(1)

Failure to Comply

261

(1)

Production upon Request Requirement

261

(1)

Request Procedure

261

(2)

What Records?

263

(1)

FOIA as Discovery

263

(2)

North v. Walsh

265

(2)

Fees and Waivers

267

(1)

Exemptions

267

(1)

National Defense and Foreign Policy

268

(1)

Critical Infrastructures

268

(1)

Agency Personnel Matters

268

(1)

Other Statutes

269

(1)

Trade Secrets and Financial Information

269

(1)

Agency Memoranda

269

(1)

Personnel, Medical, and Files Containing Private Information

270

(1)

Law Enforcement Records

270

(1)

United States Department of Defense v. Federal Labor Relations Authority

271

(2)

National Archives & Records Administration v. Favish

273

(2)

Financial Institution Information

275

(1)

Geological Information

275

(1)

Judicial Review and Remedies

275

(2)

Congressional Monitoring

277

(1)

Privacy Act

277

(8)

Collection of Information

277

(1)

Maintaining Records, Publication, and Rules

278

(1)

Disclosure of Records

279

(1)

Relationship of FOIA and Privacy Act

280

(1)

Individual Access

281

(1)

Amending Records

282

(1)

Judicial Review and Remedies

282

(1)

Civil Actions

283

(1)

Ray v. Turner

284

(1)

Criminal Penalties

285

(1)

Congressional Monitoring

285

(1)

Government in the Sunshine Act

285

(2)

Exemptions

286

(1)

Judicial Review and Remedies

286

(1)

Congressional Monitoring

287

(1)

Federal Advisory Committee Act

287

(1)

Trade Secrets Act

287

(1)

Privatization and the Public's Right to Know

288

(1)

Conclusion

288

(7)

Forsham v. Harris

289

(6)

Accountability through Liability

295

(36)

Introduction

296

(1)

Sovereign Immunity

296

(1)

Federal Tort Claims Act and Its Exceptions

297

(9)

Executive Functions

298

(1)

Intentional Torts

298

(1)

Discretionary Function Doctrine

298

(1)

Scope of Employment

298

(1)

Bowers v. City of Chattanooga

299

(2)

Public Duty Doctrine

301

(1)

Kirk v. City of Shawnee

302

(3)

Damages Limitations

305

(1)

Section 1983 Actions

306

(15)

Plaintiffs and Defendants

306

(2)

Monell v. Department of Social Services

308

(2)

Deprivation and Color of Law

310

(1)

Remedies, Fees, and Costs

311

(1)

County of Sacramento v. Lewis

312

(2)

Smith v. Wade

314

(1)

Procedure

314

(2)

Immunities

316

(1)

Absolute and Qualified

317

(1)

Functional Approach

317

(1)

Harlow v. Fitzgerald

318

(1)

Judges

318

(1)

Prosecutors

319

(1)

Law Enforcement Officers

320

(1)

Witnesses and Jurors

320

(1)

Public Defenders

320

(1)

Legislators

320

(1)

Procedure and Immunity Claims

321

(1)

Constitutional Claims

321

(2)

Bivens v. Six Unknown Agents

322

(1)

Common Law Torts and Official Immunity

323

(1)

Tucker Act

323

(3)

Strothman v. Gefreh

324

(2)

Private Parties as Government Actors

326

(1)

Conclusion

327

(4)

Researching Administrative Law Issues

331

(12)

Introduction

331

(1)

The Scope of Administrative Law

331

(1)

Beginning the Search

332

(1)

Rules Created by the Administrative Agency

332

(1)

Finding Agency Decisions

333

(1)

Searching the Federal Register

334

(1)

Searching the C.F.R.

334

(1)

Computerized Sources for Administrative Law

334

(9)

Appendix A: Constitution of the United States of America

343

(20)

Appendix B: Administrative Procedure Act Excerpts

363

(34)

Appendix C: Selected Executive Orders

397

(22)

Index

419

Administrative Law : Bureaucracy in a Democracy

9780131184329

0131184326

Summary

Table of Contents

Excerpts

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Administrative Law : Bureaucracy in a Democracy

9780131184329

0131184326

Summary

Table of Contents

Excerpts

Write a Review

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