9780073370699

Presenting the Human Experience of Psychological Disorders.In Richard Halgin and Susan Krauss Whitbourne'sAbnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders, students are shown the human side of Abnormal Psychology. Through the widespread use of current and highly relevant clinical case studies, the biographies and first-person quotations in theReal Storiesfeature, and the unique case media programFaces Interactive Online, students are presented with real-life portrayals of the disorders featured in the text. The new sixth edition includes updated research coverage and increased pedagogy, designed to maximize student comprehension. The text maintains the integrative approach to treatment using the biopsychosocial model, the lifespan approach, and the succinct coverage that have been the foundations of the text's success.

Chapter 1 - Understanding Abnormality: A Look at History and Research Methods
CASE REPORT:Rebecca Hasbrouck
What Is Abnormal Behavior?
Defining Abnormality
Distress
Impairment
Risk to Self or Other People
Socially and Culturally Unacceptable Behavior
Challenges Involved in Characterizing Abnormal Behavior
What Causes Abnormality?
Biological Causes
Psychological Causes
REAL STORIES: Kelsey Grammer
Sociocultural Causes
Abnormality: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Abnormal Psychology Throughout History
Prehistoric Times: Abnormal Behavior as Demonic Possession
Ancient Greece and Rome: The Emergence of the Scientific Model
The Middle Ages and Renaissance: The Re-emergence of Spiritual Explanations
Europe and the United States in the 1700s: The Reform Movement
The 1800s to the 1900s: Development of Alternative Models for Abnormal Behavior
The Late Twentieth Century: The Challenge of Providing Humane and Effective Treatment
Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology
The Scientific Method
The Experimental Method
The Correlational Method
The Survey Method
The Case Study Method
Single-Subject Design
Studies of Genetic Influence
The Human Experience of Psychological Disorders
Impact on the Individual: Stigma and Distress
Impact on the Family
Impact on the Community and Society
Reducing Stigma
Bringing It All Together: Clinical Perspectives
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 2 - Classification and Treatment Plans
CASE REPORT:Peter Dickinson
Psychological Disorder:Experiences of Client and Clinician
The Client
Definitions
Prevalence of Psychological Disorders
The Clinician
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
How the DSM Developed
Controversial Issues Pertaining to DSM
Definition of “Mental Disorder”
Assumptions of the DSM-IV-TR
Medical Model
Atheoretical Orientation
Categorical Approach
Multiaxial System
The Five Axes of the DSM-IV-TR
Axis I: Clinical Disorders
Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
Axis III: General Medical Conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning
The Diagnostic Process
The Client’s Reported and Observable Symptoms
Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis
Final Diagnosis
Case Formulation
Cultural Formulation
Treatment Planning
Goals of Treatment
REAL STORIES: Patty Duke
Treatment Site
Psychiatric Hospitals
Outpatient Treatment
Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs
Other Treatment Sites
Modality of Treatment
Determining the Best Approach to Treatment
Treatment Implementation
The Course of Treatment
The Clinician’s Role in Treatment
The Client’s Role in Treatment
The Outcome of Treatment
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 3 - Assessment
CASE REPORT:Ben Robsham
What Is a Psychological Assessment?
Clinical Interview
Unstructured Interview
Structured and Semistructured Interviews
Mental Status Examination
Appearance and Behavior
Orientation
Content of Thought
Thinking Style and Language
Affect and Mood
Perceptual Experiences
Sense of Self
Motivation
Cognitive Functioning
Insight and Judgment
Psychological Testing
What Makes a Good Psychological Test?
Intelligence Testing
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Cultural Considerations in Intelligence Testing
Personality and Diagnostic Testing
Self-Report Clinical Inventories
Projective Testing
Behavioral Assessment
Behavioral Self-Report
Behavioral Observation
Environmental Assessment
REAL STORIES: Frederick Frese
Physiological Assessment
Psychophysiological Assessment
Brain Imaging Techniques
Neuropsychological Assessment
Putting It All Together
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
CHAPTER 4 - THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Case Report: Meera Krishnan
The Purpose of Theoretical Perspectives in Abnormal Psychology
Psychodynamic Perspective
Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory
Treatment
Evaluation of Psychodynamic Theories
Humanistic Perspective
Person-Centered Theory
Self-Actualization Theory
Treatment
Evaluation of Humanistic Theories
Sociocultural Perspective
Family Perspective
Real Stories: William Styron: Depression
Social Discrimination
Social Influences and Historical Events
Treatment
Evaluation of the Sociocultural Perspective
Behavioral and Cognitively Based Perspectives
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning and Social Cognition

Cognitively Based Theory
Treatment
Evaluation of the Behavioral and Cognitively Based Perspectives
Biological Perspective
The Nervous System and Behavior
Genetic Influences on Behavior
Treatment
Evaluation of the Biological Perspective
Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Theories and Treatment: An Integrative Approach
Return to the Case
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 5 - Anxiety Disorders
Case Report: BarbaraWilder
The Nature of Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Characteristics of Panic Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
Specific Phobias
Characteristics of Specific Phobias
Theories and Treatment of Specific Phobias
Social Phobia
Characteristics of Social Phobia
Real Stories: Donny Osmond: Social Phobia
Theories and Treatment of Social Phobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Characteristics of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder
Theories and Treatment
Anxiety Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Return to the Case
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 6 - Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions,and Dissociative Disorders
CASE REPORT:Rose Marston
Somatoform Disorders
Conversion Disorder
Somatization Disorder and Related Conditions
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Conditions Related to Somatoform Disorders
Theories and Treatment of Somatoform Disorders
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
Characteristics of the DSM-IV-TR Category of Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
Theories and Treatment of the DSM-IV-TR Category of Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions
Stress
Emotional Expression
Personality Style
Sociocultural Factors
Treatment
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Characteristics of Dissociative Identity Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder
REAL STORIES: Anne Heche
Dissociative Identity Disorder and the Legal System
Other Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, and Depersonalization Disorder
Somatoform Disorders, Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 7 - Sexual Disorders
CASE REPORT:Shaun Boyden
What Is Abnormal Sexual Behavior?
Paraphilias
Characteristics of Paraphilias
Pedophilia
Exhibitionism
Fetishism
Frotteurism
Sexual Masochism and Sexual Sadism
Transvestic Fetishism
Voyeurism
Theories and Treatment of Paraphilias
Gender Identity Disorders
Characteristics of Gender Identity Disorders
Theories and Treatment of Gender Identity Disorders
Sexual Dysfunctions
Characteristics of Sexual Dysfunctions
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Sexual Aversion Disorder
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Male Erectile Disorder
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Male Orgasmic Disorder
Premature Ejaculation
Sexual Pain Disorders
Theories and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
Biological Perspective
Psychological Perspective
REAL STORIES: Richard Berendzen
Sexual Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 8 - Mood Disorders
CASE REPORT:Janice Butterfield
General Characteristics of Mood Disorder
s
Depressive Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Characteristics of a Major Depressive Episode
Types of Depression
Prevalence and Course of the Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Disorders Involving Alternations in Mood
Bipolar Disorder
Characteristics of a Manic Episode
REAL STORIES: Kay Redfield Jamison
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Prevalence and Course of the Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Theories and Treatments of Mood Disorders
Biological Perspectives
Genetics
Biochemical Factors
Psychological Perspectives
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavioral and Cognitively Based Theories
Sociocultural and Interpersonal Perspectives
Treatment
Biological Treatment
Psychological Treatment
Sociocultural and Interpersonal Intervention
Suicide
Who Commits Suicide?
Why Do People Commit Suicide?
Biological Perspective
Psychological Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Assessment and Treatment of Suicidality
Mood Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 9 - Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
CASE REPORT:David Marshall
Characteristicsof Schizophrenia
Phases of Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Disturbance of Thought Content: Delusions
REAL STORIES: John Forbes Nash
Disturbance in Perception: Hallucinations
Disturbance of Thinking, Language, and Communication: Disorganized Speech
Disturbed Behavior
Negative Symptoms
Social and Occupational Dysfunction
Types of Schizophrenia
Dimensions of Schizophrenia
Courses of Schizophrenia
Gender, Age, and Cultural Features
Other Psychotic Disorders
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Delusional Disorders
Shared Psychotic Disorder
Theories and Treatment ofSchizophrenia
Biological Perspectives
Brain Structure and Function
Genetic Explanations
Biological Stressors and Vulnerability
Psychological Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Treatment of Schizophrenia
Biological Treatments
Psychological Treatments
Sociocultural Treatments
Schizophrenia: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 10 - Personality Disorders
CASE REPORT:Harold Morrill
The Nature of Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Characteristics of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Biological Perspectives
Psychological Perspectives
Sociocultural Perspectives
Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Biological Perspectives
REAL STORIES: Susanna Kaysen
Psychological Perspectives
Sociocultural Perspectives
Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Personality Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 11 - Development-Related Disorders
Case Report: Jason Newman

Introductory Issues
Mental Retardation
Characteristics of Mental Retardation
Theories and Treatment of Mental Retardation
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Characteristics of Autistic Disorder
Theories of Autistic Disorder
Treatment of Autistic Disorder
Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Real Stories: Edward Hallowell: Attention Deficit Symptoms
Conduct Disorder
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Theories and Treatment of ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills Disorders
Learning Disorders

Communication Disorders
Motor Skills Disorders
Theories and Treatment of Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills Disorders
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Characteristics of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Other Disorders That Originate in Childhood
Childhood Eating Disorders
Tic Disorders
Elimination Disorders

Selective Mutism

Development-Related Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Return to the Case
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 12 - Aging-Related and Cognitive Disorders
Case Report: IreneHeller
The Nature of Cognitive Disorders
Delirium
Amnestic Disorders
Traumatic Brain Injury
Dementia
Characteristics of Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease (Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type)
Real Stories: John Bayley and Iris Murdoch: Caring for a Person with Alzheimer’s Disease
Dementia Caused by Other Conditions
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Theories and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Disorders:The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Return to the Case
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 13 - Substance-Related Disorders
CASE REPORT:Carl Wadsworth
The Nature of Substance Abuse and Dependence
Behaviors Associated with Substance-Related Disorders
Substance-Induced Disorders
Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol
Patterns of Use and Abuse
REAL STORIES: Ben Affleck
Effects of Alcohol Use
Immediate Effects
Long-Term Effects
Theories of Alcohol Dependence
Biological Perspective
Psychological Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Treatment of Alcohol Dependence
Biological Treatment
Psychological Treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous
Substances Other Than Alcohol
Stimulants
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
MDMA
Heroin and Opioids
Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics
Barbiturates
Barbiturate-Like Substances
Anxiolytics
Other Drugs of Abuse
Treatment for Substance Abuse and Dependence
Biological Treatment
Nonmedical Therapies
Substance Abuse and Dependence:The Biospychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 14 - Eating Disorders and Impulse-ControlDisorders
CASE REPORT:Rosa Nomirez
Eating Disorders
Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa
Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa
REAL STORIES: Tracey Gold
Theories and Treatment of Eating Disorders
Theories
Treatment
Impulse-Control Disorders
Kleptomania
Characteristics of Kleptomania
Theories and Treatment of Kleptomania
Pathological Gambling
Characteristics of Pathological Gambling
Theories and Treatment of Pathological Gambling
Pyromania
Characteristics of Pyromania
Theories and Treatment of Pyromania
Sexual Impulsivity
Characteristics of Sexual Impulsivity
Theories and Treatment of Sexual Impulsivity
Trichotillomania
Characteristics of Trichotillomania
Theories and Treatment of Trichotillomania
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Characteristics of Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Theories and Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Internet Addiction
Characteristics of Internet Addiction
Theories and Treatment
Eating Disorders and Impulse-Control Disorders: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Chapter 15 - Ethical and Legal Issues
CASE REPORT:Mark Chen
Ethical Issues
Roles and Responsibilities of Clinicians
Therapist Competence
Informed Consent
Confidentiality
Relationships with Clients
The Business of Psychotherapy
Special Roles for Clinicians
Commitment of Clients
Right to Treatment
Refusal of Treatment
Forensic Issues in Psychological Treatment
Insanity Defense
REAL STORIES: John Hinckley
Competency to Stand Trial
RETURN TO THE CASE
Summary
Key Terms
Internet Resource
Glossary
References
Credits
Name Index
Subject Index

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Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

007337069X

Summary

Table of Contents

CASE REPORT:Rebecca Hasbrouck

What Is Abnormal Behavior?

Defining Abnormality

Distress

Impairment

Risk to Self or Other People

Socially and Culturally Unacceptable Behavior

Challenges Involved in Characterizing Abnormal Behavior

What Causes Abnormality?

Biological Causes

Psychological Causes

REAL STORIES: Kelsey Grammer

Sociocultural Causes

Abnormality: The Biopsychosocial Perspective

Abnormal Psychology Throughout History

Prehistoric Times: Abnormal Behavior as Demonic Possession

Ancient Greece and Rome: The Emergence of the Scientific Model

The Middle Ages and Renaissance: The Re-emergence of Spiritual Explanations

Europe and the United States in the 1700s: The Reform Movement

The 1800s to the 1900s: Development of Alternative Models for Abnormal Behavior

The Late Twentieth Century: The Challenge of Providing Humane and Effective Treatment

Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

The Scientific Method

The Experimental Method

The Correlational Method

The Survey Method

The Case Study Method

Single-Subject Design

Studies of Genetic Influence

The Human Experience of Psychological Disorders

Impact on the Individual: Stigma and Distress

Impact on the Family

Impact on the Community and Society

Reducing Stigma

Bringing It All Together: Clinical Perspectives

RETURN TO THE CASE

Summary

Key Terms

Internet Resource

Chapter 2 - Classification and Treatment Plans

CASE REPORT:Peter Dickinson

Psychological Disorder:Experiences of Client and Clinician

The Client

Definitions

Prevalence of Psychological Disorders

The Clinician

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

How the DSM Developed

Controversial Issues Pertaining to DSM

Definition of “Mental Disorder”

Assumptions of the DSM-IV-TR

Medical Model

Atheoretical Orientation

Categorical Approach

Multiaxial System

The Five Axes of the DSM-IV-TR

Axis I: Clinical Disorders

Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation

Axis III: General Medical Conditions

Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

The Diagnostic Process

The Client’s Reported and Observable Symptoms

Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis

Final Diagnosis

Case Formulation

Cultural Formulation

Treatment Planning

Goals of Treatment

REAL STORIES: Patty Duke