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Women in American Society

by: Sapiro, Virginia

Women in American Society

by: Sapiro, Virginia

ISBN 13:
9781559349352
ISBN 10:
1559349352
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 06/01/1998
Publisher: Mayfield Pub Co
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Summary

This introduction to women's studies provides a comprehensive synthesis and critique of feminist scholarship and research. The text integrates current scholarship and research from a wide variety of disciplines including political science, sociology, psychology, economics, education, history, law, and mass communications.

Preface

xiii

PART ONE Developing Frameworks for the Study of Gender and Society

(142)

1 Women's Studies: An Introduction

(28)

Representing Women

(4)

Women's Studies as a Field of Study

(4)

Social Science Methods of Studying Women and Gender

(11)

Social Science as Systematic Observation

(4)

Methods Women's Studies Researchers Use

(7)

Understanding and Interpreting Women's Lives

(9)

When Is a Difference Really a Difference?

(3)

When and Why Are Gender Differences Interesting?

(2)

Difference and Inequality

(3)

2 Societal-Level Approaches to Understanding Women's Lives

(46)

U.S. Women in Global Perspective

(17)

Literacy and Education

(2)

Marriage and Reproduction

(6)

Work and Economic Life

(1)

Women and the State

(7)

Explaining Women's Situation at the Societal Level: Six Theoretical Approaches

(26)

Women's God-Given Nature: The Eternal Feminine

(1)

Natural Woman and Man: The Role of Biology

(7)

The Inevitable Progress of Enlightenment and Modernization

(4)

Structural-Functionalist and Evolutionary Theories

(5)

Economic and Historical-Materialist Theories

(4)

Sex War: The Struggle for Dominance

(5)

Toward Understanding Social Change and Women's History

(3)

3 Individual-Level Approaches to Understanding Women's Lives

(37)

What Difference Does a Person's Gender Make?

(8)

Masculinity, Femininity, and Character

(3)

Personality and Cognitive Skills

(4)

Explaining Women's Situation at the Individual Level: Five Approaches

(26)

The Biological Basis of Female and Male

(2)

Psychoanalytic Theory: The Creation of Masculinity and Femininity

(6)

Cognitive-Developmental Theories

(6)

Learning Theories

100

(4)

Synthesizing Cognition and Learning: Gender-Schema Theory and Doing Gender

104

(4)

Institutional Theories and Discrimination

108

(4)

Individual Development and Social Change

112

(2)

4 Commonality and Difference Among Women

114

(29)

Recognizing Difference

115

(2)

The Differential Impact of Sex/Gender Systems

117

(7)

The View From the Dominant System

118

(4)

The View From Different Groups of Women

122

(2)

Untangling Oppressions

124

(7)

The Parallel Model

124

(1)

The Distinct-Components Model

125

(2)

The Complex Model

127

(1)

Hierarchies of Oppression

127

(1)

Exemplifying Complexity: Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Violence

128

(3)

Some Sketches of Unity and Diversity

131

(9)

Age

132

(1)

Class

133

(3)

Race and Ethnicity

136

(1)

Geography and Culture

137

(3)

Conclusion: Learning From Difference

140

(3)

PART TWO Gender-Defining Institutions

143

(178)

5 Education: Learning to Be Male and Female

145

(31)

Historical Perspectives on Women's Education

145

(8)

Early Efforts

145

(2)

Expanding Access

147

(1)

Increasing Leadership Roles

148

(4)

Achieving Higher Education

152

(1)

Women's Education Today

153

(14)

How Much Education?

153

(5)

What Did You Learn in School Today?

158

(4)

Gender and Evaluation

162

(2)

Segregation and Schooling

164

(3)

Women as Educators

167

(4)

Education and the Future

171

(5)

The Question of Choice

171

(1)

Education for What?

172

(1)

Education for and About Women

173

(3)

6 Normal Gender: Health, Fitness, and Beauty

176

(40)

Gender-Based Norms in Women's Health Care

177

(29)

Anatomy and Health

178

(3)

Reproduction and Health

181

(6)

Families, Family Roles, and Health

187

(2)

Domestic Violence as a Health Issue

189

(3)

Work and Health

192

(2)

Beauty, Fitness, and Health

194

(8)

Practice of Health Care: Are Men and Women Treated Differently?

202

(4)

Women's Roles in Shaping Health Care

206

(6)

Healers, Doctors, and Other Health-Care Professionals

206

(3)

Health-Care Activists

209

(1)

Mothers and Daughters as Health-Care Providers

210

(1)

The Influence of Women as Health-Care Consumers

211

(1)

Toward a New Understanding of Women's Health

212

(4)

7 Women and Religion

216

(27)

Religious Teachings About Women and Gender

218

(12)

God Talk: Is It Male?

219

(1)

Defining Male and Female

219

(6)

Morality, Sexuality, and Gender

225

(3)

Feminist Alternatives and the Women's Spirituality Movement

228

(2)

Women's Religious Activities and Influences

230

(9)

Everyday Life as Religious Activity

230

(2)

Women's Service Outside the Home

232

(3)

Women as Religious Authorities and Leaders

235

(4)

Religion and Society

239

(4)

8 Gender and the Institutional Media of Communication

243

(38)

The Mass Media

244

(19)

Women in the News

244

(10)

Gender and the Message of the Media

254

(8)

The Impact of the Mass Media

262

(1)

The Commercial Media

263

(4)

The Cultural and Artistic Media

267

(10)

Women as Artists

268

(4)

Gender and Sexuality as Subjects of Art

272

(5)

Media of Change?

277

(4)

9 Law and Policy, Government, and the State

281

(40)

Governmental Views of Women

282

(14)

Protection of Rights

282

(5)

Fulfillment of Obligations

287

(7)

Women's Policy Issues

294

(2)

Women, Crime, and Justice

296

(11)

Women as Victims

297

(4)

Women as Criminals

301

(5)

Women in the Criminal Justice System

306

(1)

Women's Political Participation and Influence

307

(9)

Gender in Electoral Politics

307

(5)

Nonelectoral Citizen Politics

312

(2)

The Impact of Women in Politics

314

(2)

International Politics

316

(1)

Women, Feminism, and Democracy

317

(4)

PART THREE Choice and Control in Personal Life, the Family, and Work

321

(168)

10 Gender, Communication, and Self-Expression

323

(33)

Referring to Women, Men, and People

324

(8)

Gender-Specific Terms

325

(5)

Gender-Neutral Terms

330

(2)

Autonomy and Control in Communication

332

(18)

Male and Female Language

334

(2)

The Right-of-Way: Gender and Status

336

(9)

Strategies of Power and Influence

345

(5)

Future Options

350

(6)

11 Consenting Adults? Personal and Sexual Relationships

356

(46)

Gender and Personal Relationships

357

(2)

Sexuality and Sexual Relationships

359

(19)

Defining Sexuality and Sexual Relationships

360

(1)

Sexual Identity and Orientation

361

(10)

Sexuality, Love, and Power

371

(7)

Sex, Coercion, and Violence Against Women

378

(12)

Sexual Harassment

380

(4)

Rape

384

(6)

Marriage: Family, Property, and State

390

(9)

The Marriage Contract

390

(1)

Names and Places

391

(1)

Rights and Obligations

392

(1)

Property

393

(1)

The State's View of Marriage

394

(1)

Marriage, Gender, and Day-to-Day Life

395

(2)

Divorce

397

(1)

The Law on "Living in Sin"

398

(1)

Politics of Personal Life

399

(3)

12 Reproduction, Parenthood, and Child Care

402

(38)

To Be or Not to Be a Parent

404

(15)

Reproduction and Choice

404

(4)

Contraception

408

(4)

Abortion: Legal Status

412

(4)

Public Funding for Abortion

416

(1)

Abortion Politics and the Current Situation

417

(2)

Parenthood

419

(16)

Motherhood and Fatherhood

420

(2)

Mothering and Fathering

422

(3)

Single and Separated Parents

425

(4)

A Case Study of African-American Families

429

(4)

Parents Without Children

433

(2)

Beyond the Family: Who Cares for Children?

435

(5)

13 Work, Employment, and the Economics of Gender

440

(49)

Making a Living Versus Making a Home: Defining Differences

442

(10)

The Rise and Fall of Homemaking

442

(3)

The Political Economy of Homemaking

445

(7)

Making a Living Versus Making a Home: Choices

452

(11)

Women's Employment: Historical and Aggregate Views

453

(3)

Women's Employment Experiences Through Life

456

(7)

Gender Divisions of Labor in Employment

463

(14)

What Is the Difference Between Women's and Men's Work? Horizontal Segregation

463

(5)

What Is the Difference Between Women's and Men's Work? Vertical Segregation

468

(3)

Employment Discrimination

471

(3)

The Law on Discrimination

474

(3)

Income, Worth, and Poverty

477

(6)

Women's Pay

478

(3)

Other Means of Support: Social Welfare

481

(2)

Organization of Women in the Workforce

483

(2)

The Uneasy Balance

485

(4)

PART FOUR Feminism and the Global Context

489

(37)

14 Feminism and the Future

491

(35)

The Development of Feminism and Women's Movements in the United States

493

(28)

Social-Movement Theory

493

(3)

Before the Civil War

496

(5)

Fifty Years and More: From Civil War to Suffrage

501

(6)

The Quiet Time: From Suffrage to Presidential Commissions

507

(4)

Rebirth of Feminism: Emma Said It in 1910/ Now We're Going to Say It Again

511

(3)

Feminism and the Women's Movement Today

514

(4)

Oppositions

518

(3)

Global Feminisms

521

(3)

Feminism and the Future

524

(2)

References

526

(29)

Name Index

555

(4)

Subject Index

559

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Women in American Society

Women in American Society

9781559349352

1559349352

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Women in American Society

Women in American Society

9781559349352

1559349352

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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