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Understanding Social Welfare : A Search for Social Justice

ISBN: 9780205478064 | 0205478069
Edition: 7th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Pub. Date: 1/1/2007

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SummaryTable of Contents
"This readable, well-organized, comprehensive, and scholarly text is accessible to social work students and helps them learn about, understand, analyze, and evaluate social welfare policies and programs." The text focuses on the impact of social structure on peoples' lives, emphasizing human rights and the search for social justice based on the current concerns of a diverse client population, and incorporating the latest contextual factors and social welfare legislation. The text focuses on the impact of social structure on peoples' lives, emph... MORE
Prefacexvii
About the Authorsxxi
Socioeconomic Structure, Human Needs, and Mutual Responsibility
1(18)
Overview
... MORE1(1)
The Impact of Social and Economic Structures
2(2)
Defining Social Welfare and Social Work
4(1)
The American Myth of the Hero
4(3)
Balancing Individual and Societal Responsibilities
7(1)
Human Rights, Social Justice, Social Work, and Social Welfare
8(5)
Beliefs about Social Justice
9(1)
The Social Minimum: The Standard for Social Justice
10(1)
The NASW Standard: Equal Access and Rights
11(1)
Toward the Social Minimum
12(1)
Views of Social Welfare
12(1)
The Authors' Perspective
13(3)
Summary
16(1)
Questions for Consideration
16(1)
Notes
17(2)
Social Values and Social Welfare
19(18)
Overview
19(1)
Modern Views of Humanity
20(1)
Self-Actualization versus Irritation Response Theories
21(1)
Economics and Human Motivation
22(1)
An Overview of History
23(1)
Altruism and Mutual Aid
23(1)
Ancient Cultures
24(5)
Egypt
24(2)
Hebrew and Judaic Societies
26(2)
Greece and Rome
28(1)
Early Christianity
29(1)
Holy Poverty and Expectations of the Wealthy
30(1)
Eastern Cultures
31(3)
China
31(1)
India
32(1)
Islam
33(1)
Summary: Evolving Values and Social Welfare
34(1)
Questions for Consideration
34(1)
Notes
35(2)
Social Values and Social Welfare: England from the Middle Ages Onward
37(24)
Overview
37(1)
The Early Middle Ages
37(2)
The Middle Middle Ages
39(1)
The Late Middle Ages to Elizabethan Poor Laws
40(4)
Work and Religion
44(4)
The Poor Laws
48(1)
The Poor Law Compilation of 1601
48(2)
Speenhamland
50(2)
The Workhouse
52(1)
The Poor Law of 1834
53(2)
Principles of the Poor Laws
55(1)
Summary
56(1)
Questions for Consideration
57(1)
Notes
57(4)
Social Values and Social Welfare: The American Experience I
61(26)
Overview
61(1)
American Poor Law Mentality
61(1)
Settlements, Labor, and Imported ``Poor Laws''
62(3)
The Early Spanish Influence, the Mexicans, and Other Hispanics
65(2)
Voluntary Mutual Aid Efforts
67(3)
Mutual Aid among African Americans
67(3)
Voluntary and Public Responsibilities
70(1)
The American Frontier: The Myth and Values
71(3)
American Indians and U.S. History
74(3)
The Federal Role in Social Welfare
77(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau
78(1)
Veterans and a Suspension of the Ethic
79(2)
Social Darwinism
81(1)
The Coming of Social Insurance
81(2)
Society, Social Values, and Modern Views of Human Nature
83(1)
Summary
83(1)
Questions for Consideration
84(1)
Notes
84(3)
America, Poverty, Two Paths: The American Experience II
87(20)
Overview
87(1)
Three Discoveries of Poverty
87(5)
First Discovery
88(1)
The Fading of the First Discovery
89(1)
Second Discovery
89(1)
Third Discovery
90(2)
The War on Poverty
92(3)
Eight Outcomes
93(2)
The ``Skirmish'' against Poverty
95(1)
Families, Children, and Poverty
96(6)
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (``Welfare'')
96(3)
An Old-New Path
99(2)
Social Security
101(1)
Contrasting Values and Aims
101(1)
The Poor Laws Today
102(1)
Human Nature and the American Dream
103(1)
Summary
104(1)
Questions for Consideration
104(1)
Notes
105(2)
Concepts for Social Welfare
107(24)
Overview
107(1)
What is Social Welfare?
107(3)
Social Policy, Social Services, and Social Work
110(1)
Social Policy
110(1)
Social Services
110(1)
Social Work
111(1)
Ideology, Social Policy, and Government Intervention
111(6)
Five Routes to Social Policy
115(2)
The Federal and Pluralist System
117(1)
The Economic Sphere
118(3)
Fiscal Policy
118(2)
Monetary Policy
120(1)
The Importance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy
121(2)
A Tarnished Business Sector?
123(1)
An International Economy
123(1)
A Second Welfare System---Corporate Welfare
124(1)
A Changed World---Old/New Ideology, New Policies, New Economic Forces, New Social Policy, and New Social Services
125(1)
A Changed Context
126(2)
Summary
128(1)
Questions for Consideration
129(1)
Notes
129(2)
Examining a Social Welfare Program within the Context of Social Justice: Structural Components, Alternative Program Characteristics, and Evaluation
131(28)
Overview
131(1)
Structural Components
132(5)
What Are the Needs and Goals to Be Met?
132(1)
What is the Form of Benefit That the Program Produces?
133(1)
Who is Eligible for the Program?
133(1)
How is the Program Financed?
134(2)
What is the Level of Administration?
136(1)
Alternative Program Characteristics
137(10)
Residual, Institutional, Developmental, or Socioeconomic Asset Development
137(3)
Selective or Universal
140(3)
Benefits in Money, Services, or Utilities
143(1)
Public or Private
144(1)
Central or Local
145(2)
Lay or Professional
147(1)
Evaluating the Program
147(4)
Adequacy
148(1)
Financing
148(2)
Coherence
150(1)
Latent Consequences
150(1)
Testing for Social Justice
151(5)
Whose Social Justice?
151(1)
Views and Proponents
152(3)
The Social Work Practice Sphere and Social Justice
155(1)
Reader's Choice
155(1)
Summary
156(1)
Questions for Consideration
156(1)
Notes
156(3)
The Welfare Society and Its Clients
159(34)
Overview
159(1)
Who is a Client of Social Welfare?
159(2)
What is Poverty?
161(4)
Absolute Poverty
161(3)
Relative Comparison Poverty
164(1)
A Description of the Poor
165(4)
Income and Wealth Inequality
169(4)
The Effect of Some Government Programs
173(2)
The Near-Poor and Expectations
175(1)
Other Views of Poverty
176(4)
Relative Inequality
177(1)
Lack of Power, Access, and Inclusion
177(2)
The Underclass/Culture of Poverty Thesis
179(1)
Strategies for Fighting Poverty
180(4)
Social Utilities
180(1)
Investment in Human Capital
180(1)
Income Transfers
181(1)
Rehabilitation
182(1)
Aggregative and Selective Economic Measures
182(2)
Participation and Organization
184(1)
Ideology Revisited
184(1)
The Second Bush Administration
185(4)
Tax Cuts
186(1)
Faith-Based Initative
186(1)
Social Security
187(1)
Medicare
187(1)
No Child Left Behind
187(1)
The 2006 Budget
187(2)
Starve the Beast
189(1)
Ideology Once Again
189(1)
Summary
189(1)
Questions for Consideration
190(1)
Notes
190(3)
Current Social Welfare Programs---Economic Security
193(38)
Overview
193(1)
Social Insurance Programs
194(21)
Social Security (OASDI)
194(12)
Unemployment Compensation
206(5)
Workers' Compensation
211(4)
Income Support Programs
215(11)
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
215(4)
Supplemental Security Income
219(3)
General Assistance
222(2)
Earned Income Tax Credit
224(2)
Socioeconomic Asset Development
226(3)
Summary
229(1)
Questions for Consideration
229(1)
Notes
229(2)
Social Welfare Programs: Sustaining the Quality of Life
231(44)
Overview
231(1)
Managed Care: A Radical Change
231(4)
Major Organizational Types
232(1)
Impact on Services and Practitioners
233(1)
Proponents
233(1)
Strategies to Achieve Profits
233(1)
Public Criticism, Courts, and Legislation
234(1)
Health Care Programs
235(10)
Medicare
236(4)
Medicaid
240(5)
Nutrition Programs
245(4)
The Food Stamp Program
245(2)
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
247(1)
School Lunch and Breakfast Programs
248(1)
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
249(1)
Housing
250(3)
Veterans' Benefits
253(3)
Employment Programs
256(1)
Personal Social Services
257(11)
Title XX
259(1)
Defense Department Social and Mental Health Services
260(1)
Services to Families
261(1)
Services to Children
262(6)
Mental Health Services
268(2)
Corrections
270(3)
Summary
273(1)
Questions for Consideration
273(1)
Notes
273(2)
Nonprofit and Private Social Welfare
275(24)
Overview
275(1)
Early Patterns
275(1)
The Nonprofit Sector
276(2)
Types of Nonprofit Agencies
277(1)
The Proprietary Private For-Profit Organization
278(1)
Services of the Nonprofit and Private Sectors
279(1)
Getting and Spending
279(5)
Private and Nonprofit Agencies as Social Welfare Programs
284(3)
A Point of View
287(1)
Leadership, Class, and Gender
287(1)
Private and Public Spheres
288(5)
Uses of Public Funds and Power
288(2)
Tax Laws and Policy
290(1)
Programmatic Links
290(1)
Accountability
290(1)
National Policy: Church and State
291(2)
Marketplace and the Nonmarket Domain
293(1)
Family and Friends
294(1)
Toward the Future
295(1)
Summary
296(1)
Questions for Consideration
297(1)
Notes
297(2)
Social Work: The Emergence of a Profession
299(20)
Overview
299(1)
The Workers of ``Good Works''
299(6)
The Process of Professionalization
305(1)
A Brief History of Practice and Methods
306(4)
Development of the Professional Association
310(1)
Social Work with Groups
311(2)
Community Organization and Social Planning
313(2)
Toward a Unified Profession
315(1)
Summary
316(1)
Questions for Consideration
316(1)
Notes
317(2)
Social Work: Functions, Context, and Issues
319(16)
Overview
319(1)
The Purposes of Social Work
319(1)
The Professional within Complex Organizations
320(3)
Complex Organizations and Professional Culture
321(1)
Complex Organizations and Authority
321(1)
The Profession and Professional Autonomy
322(1)
Alternative Roles and Settings
323(1)
Society, the Functions of Social Work, and Services for People
323(1)
The ``Bottom Line''
324(1)
The Two Tracks of Social Work: Cause and Function
324(4)
Generic-Specific Social Work
328(2)
Professionals and Volunteers
330(1)
The Number of Social Workers
331(1)
Issues Confronting the Profession: Leadership, Race and Ethnicity, Accountability, and Empirical Evidence
331(1)
Summary
332(1)
Questions for Consideration
333(1)
Notes
333(2)
Social Trends Affecting Social Welfare
335(22)
Overview
335(1)
National Society
335(1)
Individual and Shared Goals
336(1)
The International Economy
337(1)
Population Growth and Resources
337(4)
The United States: A Changing Population
341(2)
Productivity and the Service Economy
343(2)
Ethnicity and Pluralism
345(2)
Gender
347(1)
Gay Men and Lesbians
348(5)
The Place of Social Welfare in a Changing Context
353(1)
Summary
353(1)
Questions for Consideration
354(1)
Notes
354(3)
Toward the General Welfare and Social Justice
357(36)
Overview
357(1)
Globalization and Social Justice
357(3)
What is Globalization?
358(1)
Globalization, Competition, and the Role of the Private Sector
359(1)
Challenges Facing Social Welfare
360(4)
The State of the Welfare State
361(2)
The Roles of Social Work
363(1)
Disparities in Health and Health Care and Social Justice
364(6)
Disparities
364(2)
Recent Health Initiatives
366(1)
What Can Be Done?
367(2)
The Roles of Social Work
369(1)
U.S. Health Care in International Perspective
369(1)
What Should Be Done?
370(1)
Elder Abuse and Social Justice
370(6)
Dimensions of the Problem
371(1)
Types of Elder Abuse
371(1)
Risk Factors for Elder Abuse
372(1)
Elder Abuse is a Crime
372(1)
Laws and Legislation
373(1)
Issues Confronting Elder Abuse Policy and Services
373(1)
Diversity Issues
374(1)
Issues for the Future
375(1)
A Second Welfare System: Corporate and Taxpayer Welfare and Social Justice
376(3)
Tax Expenditures
376(3)
Retaining Social Justice: How to Reform Social Security
379(3)
Alternatives Facing the Practitioner
382(2)
Technology and Social Action
384(1)
Where We Are
385(3)
Summary
388(1)
Questions for Consideration
388(1)
Notes
389(4)
Appendix: Sources of Information393(6)
Index399

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