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Television Field Production and Reporting

by: Shook, Frederick

Television Field Production and Reporting

by: Shook, Frederick

ISBN 13:
9780205418466
ISBN 10:
0205418465
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2005
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

This introduction to the art of visual storytelling is the most contemporary, professionally-oriented book on television field production and reporting on the market. Widely adopted and universally respected, this text is endorsed by the National Press Photographers Association as a resource for college students and working professionals alike.

Preface

xxi

About the Author

xxiii

Introduction

(1)

Television is a Language

(3)

Telling the Visual Story

(23)

Visual Stories Begin with a Clear Focus

(1)

The Visual Storyteller Defined

(1)

Write the Pictures First

(1)

Shoot Sequences

(1)

Prove the Story's Focus Visually

(1)

The Focus May Change

(1)

Look for a Story Focus in Spot-News Events

(1)

Identifying the Larger Spot-News Story

(1)

Tell Your Story Through People

(1)

Strong Natural Sound Helps Tell the Story

(1)

Build in Surprises

(1)

Keep Sound Bites Short

(1)

Address the Larger Issue

(1)

Make the Report Memorable

(1)

News Packages are Factual ``Mini-Movies''

(1)

The Lead

(1)

Provide Visual Proof for all Main Points

(1)

The Close

(1)

Be Hard on Yourself as a Writer

(1)

Write from the Visuals

(1)

The Edit Console is a Rewrite Machine

(1)

Reportorial Editing

(2)

A Blueprint for Shooting Spot News

(4)

John De Tarsio

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Visual Grammar of Motion Picture Photography

(28)

The Shot

(2)

Basic Shots

(1)

How Shots Work Together

(1)

Camera Movement

(3)

Shots that Help Tell the Story

(3)

Location Shooting

(1)

One Shots to Crowd Shots

(1)

Master Shot with Cut-Ins

(1)

Multiple-Camera Photography

(1)

How to Shoot Matched Action with One Camera

(1)

Overlapping Action

(1)

Photographing Action under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Photographing Action Not Under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Matched-Action Sequences can be Shot in Spot News

(3)

Screen Direction

(2)

Vary Camera Angles

(1)

Angles Provide Psychological Impact

(1)

Contrast and Comparison

(1)

Composition

(5)

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(1)

Video Editing: The Invisible Art

(21)

Toward a Philosophy of Editing

(1)

Everyone in Television News is an Editor

(1)

The Nature of Editing

(1)

The Cut

(1)

Every Cut Needs a Reason

(1)

Choosing Edit Points

(1)

There can be no Matched Action Without Overlapping Action

(1)

Editing Action that was Under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Cutting on Action or at Rest

(1)

Into-Frame/Out-of-Frame Action

(1)

Jump Cuts

(1)

Pop Cuts

(1)

The Cutaway

(1)

Devices to Compress Time and Advance the Action

(1)

Advance the Action

(1)

Parallel Cutting

(2)

Shot Order Impacts the Illusion of Continuity

(1)

Content Dictates Pace

(1)

Cutting to Condense Time

(1)

Shot Length

(1)

Composition Affects Pace

(1)

Reveal Meaning Through Composition

(1)

Screen Direction

(1)

Editing to Eliminate the False Reverse

(1)

The Transition or Reveal Shot

(1)

Sound as a Transitional Device

(1)

Cold Cuts

(1)

Flash Cuts

(1)

Cutting to Leave Space for Audience Reaction

(1)

The Burden of ``Rambo Video''

(1)

Crash Editing

(1)

Dissolves and Other Optical Effects

(1)

Nonlinear Video Editing

(1)

Summary

(2)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(1)

Field Techniques of Shooting Television News

(22)

Use a Tripod Whenever Possible

(1)

The Handheld Camera

(3)

How to Use the Zoom Lens

(1)

Storytelling and Planning

(1)

Establish Communication in the Field

(1)

Think Before You Shoot

(1)

Shoot Sequences

(1)

Shoot and Move

(1)

Anticipate Action

(1)

Shooting Action Outside The Photographer's Control

(1)

Shoot Into-Frame/Out-of-Frame Action

(1)

Shoot Only the Shots You Need

(1)

Avoid Indiscriminate Shooting

(1)

Edit in the Camera

(1)

Shoot to Eliminate the False Reverse

(1)

Involve the Camera in the Action

(2)

Working with People

(1)

Avoid Distracting the Subject

(2)

The One-Person Band

(1)

Shooting in Cold Weather

(2)

Safety First

(3)

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(1)

The Magic of Light and Lighting

(24)

Photography is the Art of Controlling Light

(6)

Mixing Light Sources

104

(1)

Basic Lighting Patterns

104

(1)

The Role of Artificial Light

105

(1)

Key Light

105

(1)

Contrast Control

105

(1)

The Inverse-Square Law of Light

106

(3)

Backlight

109

(1)

Broadlighting and Short Lighting

109

(1)

Flat Lighting

109

(1)

Light Diffusion

109

(1)

Bounce Lighting

110

(1)

Eye Reflections

110

(1)

Umbrella Lighting

110

(1)

Exposure

111

(1)

Essential Lighting Equipment

112

(1)

Lighting in Sunlight

112

(2)

How to Light a News Conference

114

(1)

Setting Up Lights in Cooperation with Other Crews

114

(1)

Lighting Etiquette

115

(1)

Lighting Spot News at Night

115

(1)

Photographing Subjects with Dark Skin

115

(1)

Large-Scale Lighting

116

(1)

Cautions

117

(1)

Summary

118

(1)

Discussion

119

(1)

Exercises

120

(1)

Notes

121

(1)

The Sound Track

122

(28)

How Microphones Work

123

(1)

Directional Patterns

124

(1)

On Choosing a Mike

125

(1)

Impedance

125

(1)

Frequency Response

125

(1)

Microphones for the Broadcast Journalist

125

(2)

The Wireless Transmitter-Receiver

127

(5)

The Mixer

132

(1)

Essential Points for Audio

133

(4)

Techniques to Reduce Wind Noise

137

(3)

Be Aggressive

140

(1)

The Microphone Hears Differently

140

(1)

Sound Perspective

141

(1)

Stereo

141

(1)

Covering News Conferences

142

(1)

Recording Group Discussions

143

(1)

The Two-Person Interview

143

(1)

Record Room Tone

144

(1)

The Seductive Quality of ``Nat'' Sound

144

(1)

Watch What You Say

144

(1)

Sound and Video Accessories

145

(1)

Summary

146

(1)

Discussion

147

(1)

Exercises

148

(1)

Notes

148

(2)

The Broadcast Interview: Shooting the Quotation Marks

150

(17)

Establish Trust

150

(1)

Practice Hospitality

151

(1)

The Most Important Interview Question

151

(1)

Save Your Questions for the Interview

151

(1)

Use a Wireless Microphone

152

(1)

Do Your Homework

153

(1)

How to Frame Interview Questions

154

(1)

The Art of Listening

154

(1)

Avoid the Easy Questions

154

(1)

Build Questions Around the Five W's

155

(1)

Avoid Two-Part Questions

155

(1)

``How Do You Feel?''

155

(1)

Anticipate Questions the Viewers Would Ask

155

(1)

Practice the Fine Art of Hesitation

156

(1)

Pitch Reporting Opportunities

156

(1)

Prearrange Signals Between Reporter and Photographer

157

(1)

How to React Without Appearing to Agree

157

(1)

Retain Control of the Interview

158

(1)

Interviewing Children

158

(2)

The Talking Head

160

(1)

Influencing How Viewers Perceive the Subject

161

(1)

One-Eyed Talking Heads

161

(1)

Body Language

161

(1)

After the Interview is Over

162

(1)

Interviews Allow Reporting Through Direct Observation

163

(1)

Summary

163

(1)

Discussion

164

(1)

Exercises

165

(1)

Notes

166

(1)

Television Script Formats

167

(11)

Luan Akin

Reader

167

(1)

VTR VO (Voice-Over Video)

168

(1)

VTR VO (Voice-Over Video) VO/SOT/VO (VO SOT or A/B for Short)

169

(2)

Intros to Live Shots

171

(1)

Live Intros to Packages

172

(1)

Package Scripts

173

(2)

Reporter and Anchor Closes

175

(1)

The Case for Caps and Lowercase

175

(1)

Summary

176

(1)

Exercises

176

(2)

Writing the Package

178

(13)

Define Your Focus

179

(1)

Write the Beginning (Studio Lead-In)

179

(1)

Write the Package Lead

179

(1)

Write the Middle or Main Body

180

(2)

Write the Close

182

(1)

Preplanning the Package

182

(2)

Spot-News Packages

184

(1)

Set a High Standard for Packages

185

(1)

Use Natural Sound Liberally

186

(1)

Summary

187

(2)

Exercises

189

(1)

Notes

190

(1)

How to Improve Your Storytelling Ability

191

(18)

Seek Gradual Improvement

191

(1)

Seek Minor Victories

191

(1)

Excellence Versus Perfection

192

(1)

Have a Story

192

(1)

Excuses

193

(1)

Know the Community

194

(1)

Curiosity Pays

195

(1)

See Beyond the Obvious

195

(1)

Show Audiences What They Missed

195

(1)

Involve the Camera

196

(1)

Sequences Advance the Story

196

(1)

Don't Try to Show all of New Zealand

197

(1)

Pursue Your Interest in People

198

(1)

Make Viewers Watch

199

(1)

Develop Video Fluency

200

(1)

Accommodate Your Reporting to Story Demands

200

(1)

Reporting the Nonvisual Story

200

(1)

Personal Appearance and Conduct

201

(1)

Etiquette

202

(1)

Shooting and Reporting Spot News

202

(3)

Toward a News Philosophy

205

(1)

Summary

205

(1)

Discussion

206

(1)

Exercises

207

(1)

Notes

208

(1)

The Role of Talent Performance in Field Reporting

209

(22)

Benefits of Developing Performance Potential

209

(1)

How to Develop the Qualities that Make You Interesting

210

(1)

Why We Communicate

211

(1)

Communicate What You Feel About the Story

212

(1)

Put a Feeling of Experience into Your Reports

213

(1)

Multidimensional Reporting

213

(1)

The Body Language of Effective Reporting

214

(1)

Give the Story's Meaning Some Thought

215

(1)

Marking Copy

215

(1)

Err on the Side of ``Overdoing It''

216

(1)

How to Relax

217

(1)

Developing Conversational Delivery

217

(1)

Give Yourself Something to Do

218

(1)

Reasons to do Standups

218

(1)

The Demonstration Standup

219

(1)

Avoid Staging in the Demonstration Standup

220

(1)

Dress for the Environment

220

(1)

Your Appearance

221

(1)

Let the Audience Know You as a Friend

222

(1)

Community Analysis

223

(1)

Impacting How People Perceive Your News Sources

224

(1)

Use Your Body More Effectively

225

(1)

Posture Matters

225

(1)

How Reporters Evolve into Anchors

226

(1)

Split-Focus Presentation

226

(1)

The Anchor Debrief

226

(1)

When You Are Before the Camera

227

(1)

Summary

227

(1)

Discussion

228

(1)

Exercises

229

(1)

Notes

230

(1)

Live Shots and Remotes

231

(22)

Luan Akin

What Does it Take to ``Go Live?''

232

(1)

Spot News

232

(5)

Television Live Shot Formats

237

(3)

Narration

240

(2)

Helicopter Live Shots

242

(1)

Live in the Newsroom

242

(1)

Live Graphics

243

(1)

Live/Anchor Intros

243

(2)

Reporter Close

245

(1)

Anchor Close

245

(1)

Why Go Live?

245

(1)

Why Not Go Live?

246

(1)

Phoners

246

(1)

Live Teases

247

(2)

Some Parting Advice

249

(1)

A Final Thought

249

(1)

Summary

249

(1)

Exercises

250

(3)

The Assignment Editor and Producer: Architects of the Newscast

253

(21)

The Assignment Editor

253

(2)

Assignment Editors Help Conceptualize the Package

255

(3)

The Producer

258

(1)

Toward a News Philosophy

259

(5)

Teases

264

(1)

Help Make the Station a Regional Force

265

(1)

Improve Audio-Video Linkage

266

(1)

Visuals

266

(1)

Freshen File Video

267

(1)

Use Talking Heads with Purpose

267

(1)

Weather and Sports

268

(1)

Summary

269

(1)

Discussion

270

(1)

Exercises

271

(2)

Notes

273

(1)

Sports Photography and Reporting

274

(18)

Bob Burke

Marcia Neville

The Biggest Problem in Sports Photography

275

(2)

How to Shoot Sports Highlights

277

(2)

How to Shoot Sports Features

279

(1)

How to Shoot a Sports Feature and Highlights Simultaneously

280

(2)

Originality Counts

282

(1)

Be Prepared

283

(1)

In-Field Sports Reporting

283

(5)

Feature Reporting

288

(1)

Writing and Voicing Sports

288

(1)

Avoid Personal Involvement

289

(1)

Summary

289

(1)

Discussion

290

(1)

Exercises

291

(1)

Law and the Broadcast Journalist

292

(22)

Anyone Can Sue for Anything

292

(1)

The Four Essential Questions

292

(1)

The Chilling Effect of Litigation

293

(1)

Gathering the News

293

(3)

How to Avoid Common Legal Problems

296

(4)

Technology

300

(1)

Routine Telephone Use

300

(2)

Access to Children and Juveniles as News Sources

302

(1)

Subpoenas and Shield Laws

303

(1)

Access Laws

303

(1)

Courtroom Television

304

(5)

A Legal Perspective

309

(1)

Summary

309

(2)

Discussion

311

(1)

Exercises

312

(1)

Notes

312

(2)

Journalistic Ethics

314

(22)

A Definition of Ethics

314

(1)

The Effects of Competition

315

(1)

Situational Ethics

316

(1)

Those Who Disseminate Ideas Cannot be Licensed

316

(1)

The Journalist's Contract is with the Public

317

(1)

Law and Ethics are Intertwined

318

(1)

Toward a Personal Standard of Ethics

318

(1)

Case Studies in Ethical Dilemmas

318

(5)

Reverse-Angle Questions

323

(1)

Staged News Events

323

(2)

Identify File Video Prominently

325

(1)

Identify Material Provided from Outside Sources

325

(1)

Toward an Individual Code of Ethics

326

(5)

Summary

331

(1)

Discussion

331

(1)

Exercises

332

(1)

Discussion of Ethical Conflict Situations

332

(3)

Notes

335

(1)

APPENDIX A Shooting Television News: The Basics

336

(13)

The Camera

336

(2)

The Lens

338

(8)

Be Careful with that Camera

346

(1)

Summary

346

(1)

Discussion

347

(1)

Exercises

347

(2)

APPENDIX B A Reporting, Writing, and Editing Checklist

349

(3)

Story Checklist

349

(1)

Applying the Checklist

350

(2)

APPENDIX C Using the Internet as a Reporting Tool

352

(4)

Multi-Engine Search Tools

352

(1)

Internet Sites of Interest to Journalists

353

(2)

A Word of Caution

355

(1)

Glossary

356

(9)

Index

365

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Television Field Production and Reporting

Television Field Production and Reporting

9780205418466

0205418465

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Television Field Production and Reporting

Television Field Production and Reporting

9780205418466

0205418465

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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