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Television Field Production and Reporting

by: Shook, Frederick

Television Field Production and Reporting

by: Shook, Frederick

ISBN 13:
9780321044266
ISBN 10:
0321044266
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 01/01/2000
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

Television Field Production and Reporting, 3/e, provides an exciting introduction to the art of visual storytelling. Endorsed by the National Press Photographers Association, it focuses on the many techniques and tools available in television today.

Preface

About the Author

xix

Introduction

xxi

Telling the Visual Story

(26)

Visual Stories Begin with a Clear Focus

(1)

The Visual Storyteller Defined

(2)

Why Word-Centered Stories Fail

(1)

Write the Pictures First

(1)

Shoot Sequences

(1)

Prove the Story's Focus Visually

(1)

The Focus May Change

(1)

Look for a Story Focus in Spot-News Events

(1)

Identifying the Larger Spot-News Story

(1)

Tell Your Story through People

(1)

Strong Natural Sound Helps Tell the Story

(1)

Build in Surprises

(1)

Keep Sound Bites Short

(1)

Address the Larger Issue

(1)

Make the Report Memorable

(1)

News Packages Are Factual ``Mini-Movies''

(1)

The Lead

(1)

Provide Visual Proof for All Main Points

(1)

The Close

(1)

Be Hard on Yourself as a Writer

(1)

Write From the Visuals

(1)

The Edit Console Is a Rewrite Machine

(1)

Reportorial Editing

(1)

Stream of Consciousness

(11)

John DeTarsio

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(2)

The Visual Grammar of Motion Picture Photography

(31)

The Shot

(2)

Basic Shots

(1)

How Shots Work Together

(2)

Camera Movement

(2)

Shots That Help Tell the Story

(3)

Location Shooting

(2)

One Shots to Crowd Shots

(1)

Master Shot with Cut-Ins

(1)

Multiple-Camera Photography

(1)

How to Shoot Matched Action with One Camera

(1)

Overlapping Action

(2)

Photographing Action Under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Photographing Action Not Under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Matched-Action Sequences Can Be Shot in Spot News

(3)

Screen Direction

(2)

Vary Camera Angles

(1)

Angles Provide Psychological Impact

(1)

Contrast and Comparison

(2)

Composition

(8)

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(1)

Video Editing: The Invisible Art

(20)

Toward a Philosophy of Editing

(1)

Everyone in Television News Is an Editor

(1)

The Nature of Editing

(1)

The Cut

(1)

Every Cut Needs a Reason

(1)

Choosing Edit Points

(1)

There Can Be No Matched Action without Overlapping Action

(1)

Editing Action that Was Under the Photographer's Control

(1)

Cutting on Action or at Rest

(1)

Into-Frame/Out-of-Frame Action

(1)

Jumps Cuts

(1)

The Cutaway

(1)

Devices to Compress Time and Advance the Action

(1)

Advance the Action

(1)

Parallel Cutting

(2)

Shot Order Impacts the Illusion of Continuity

(1)

Content Dictates Pace

(1)

Cutting to Condense Time

(1)

Shot Length

(1)

Composition Affects Pace

(1)

Reveal Meaning through Composition

(1)

Screen Direction

(1)

Editing to Eliminate the False Reverse

(1)

The Transition or Reveal Shot

(3)

Send as a Transitional Device

(1)

Cold Cuts

(1)

Flash Cuts

(1)

Cutting to Leave Space for Audience Reaction

(1)

The Burden of ``Rambo Video''

(1)

Crash Editing

(1)

Supers and Other Optical Effects

(4)

Summary

(1)

Discussion

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Notes

(1)

Non-Linear Video Editing

(13)

The Non-Linear Editing Process

(3)

Sharon Levy

Ted Carlin

Learning a New Language

(2)

An Overview of the Non-Linear Editing Process

(7)

Discussion

(1)

Reference

(1)

Shooting Television News: The Basics

(17)

The Camera

(3)

Videotape

(2)

The Lens

(12)

Summary

106

(1)

Discussion

106

(1)

Exercises

107

(1)

Field Techniques of Shooting Television News

108

(24)

Use a Tripod Whenever Possible

108

(1)

The Handheld Camera

109

(3)

How to Use the Zoom Lens

112

(1)

Storytelling and Planning

113

(1)

Establish Communication in the Field

113

(1)

Think Before You Shoot

113

(1)

Shoot Sequences

114

(1)

Shoot and Move

114

(2)

Anticipate Action

116

(1)

Shooting Action Outside the Photographer's Control

116

(1)

Shoot Into-Frame/Out-of-Frame Action

116

(1)

Shoot Only the Shots You Need

116

(1)

Avoid Indiscriminate Shooting

117

(1)

Edit in the Camera

118

(1)

Shoot to Eliminate the False Reverse

118

(1)

Involve the Camera in the Action

118

(2)

Working with People

120

(1)

Avoid Distracting the Subject

121

(2)

The One-Person Band

123

(1)

Shooting in Cold Weather

124

(2)

Safety First

126

(6)

Summary

129

(1)

Discussion

129

(1)

Exercises

130

(1)

Notes

131

(1)

The Sound Track

132

(27)

How Microphones Work

133

(1)

Directional Patterns

134

(1)

On Choosing a Mike

135

(1)

Impedance

135

(1)

Frequency Response

135

(1)

Microphones for the Broadcast Journalist

136

(2)

The Wireless Transmitter-Receiver

138

(5)

The Mixer

143

(1)

Essential Points for Audio

143

(5)

Techniques to Reduce Wind Noise

148

(2)

Be Aggressive

150

(1)

The Microphone Hears Differently

150

(1)

Sound Perspective

151

(1)

Stereo

151

(1)

Covering News Conferences

152

(1)

Recording Group Discussions

153

(1)

The Two-Person Interview

153

(1)

Record Room Tone

154

(1)

The Seductive Quality of ``Nat'' Sound

154

(1)

Watch What You Say

154

(1)

Sound and Video Accessories

155

(4)

Summary

156

(1)

Discussion

157

(1)

Exercises

157

(1)

Notes

158

(1)

The Broadcast Interview: Shooting the Quotation Marks

159

(17)

Establish Trust

159

(1)

Practice Hospitality

160

(1)

The Most Important Interview Question

160

(1)

Save Your Questions for the Interview

161

(1)

Ese a Wireless Microphone

161

(1)

Do Your Homework

162

(1)

How to Frame Interview Questions

163

(1)

The Art of Listening

163

(1)

Avoid the Easy Questions

164

(1)

Build Questions around the Five W's

164

(1)

Avoid Two-Part Questions

164

(1)

How Do You Feel?''

164

(1)

Anticipate Questions the Viewers Would Ask

165

(1)

Practice the Fine Art of Hesitation

165

(1)

Pitch Reporting Opportunities

165

(1)

Prearrange Signals between Reporter and Photographer

166

(1)

How to React without Appearing to Agree

167

(1)

Retain Control of the Interview

167

(1)

Interviewing Children

167

(2)

The Talking Head

169

(1)

Influencing How Viewers Perceive the Subject

170

(1)

One-Eyed Talking Heads

170

(1)

Body Language

170

(2)

After the Interview Is Over

172

(1)

Interviews Allow Reporting through Direct Observation

172

(4)

Summary

173

(1)

Discussion

174

(1)

Exercises

174

(1)

Notes

175

(1)

The Magic of Light and Lighting

176

(24)

Photography is the Art of Controlling Light

176

(6)

Mixing Light Sources

182

(1)

Basic Lighting Patterns

183

(1)

The Role of Artificial Light

183

(1)

Key Light

183

(3)

Contrast Control

186

(1)

The Inverse-Square Law of Light

186

(1)

Backlight

187

(1)

Broadlighting and Short Lighting

188

(1)

Flat Lighting

188

(1)

Light Diffusion

188

(1)

Bounce Lighting

188

(1)

Eye Reflections

189

(1)

Umbrella Lighting

189

(1)

Exposure

189

(1)

Essential Lighting Equipment

190

(1)

Lighting in Sunlight

191

(1)

How to Light a News Conference

191

(1)

Setting Up Light a News Conference

191

(2)

Setting Up Lights in Cooperation with Other Crews

193

(1)

Lighting Etiquette

193

(1)

Lighting Spot News at Night

193

(1)

Photographing Subjects with Dark Skin

194

(1)

Large-Scale Lighting

194

(1)

Cautions

195

(5)

Summary

196

(1)

Discussion

197

(1)

Exercises

197

(1)

Notes

198

(2)

Television Script Formats

200

(11)

Luan Akin

Reader

200

(1)

VTR VO (Voice Over Video)

201

(1)

VTR VO/SOT/VTR VO (VO SOT or A/B for Short)

202

(2)

Intros to Live Shots

204

(2)

Live Intros to Packages

206

(1)

Packages

206

(3)

Reporter and Anchor Closes

209

(1)

The Case for Caps and Lower Case

209

(2)

Summary

210

(1)

Exercises

210

(1)

Writing the Package

211

(14)

Define Your Focus

212

(1)

Write the Beginning (Studio Lead-In)

212

(1)

Write the Package Lead

213

(1)

Write the Middle or Main Body

213

(2)

Write the Close

215

(1)

Preplanning the Package

216

(1)

Spot-News Packages

216

(1)

Spot-News Packages

217

(2)

Set a High Standard for Packages

219

(1)

Use Natural Sound Liberally

220

(5)

Summary

221

(1)

Exercises

222

(2)

Notes

224

(1)

How to Improve Your Storytelling Ability

225

(19)

Seek Gradual Improvement

225

(1)

Seek Minor Victories

226

(1)

Excellence versus Perfection

226

(1)

Have a Story

226

(2)

Excuses

228

(1)

Know the Community

228

(1)

Curiosity Pays

229

(1)

See Beyond the Obvious

230

(1)

Show Audiences What They Missed

230

(1)

Involve the Camera

230

(1)

Sequences Advance the Story

231

(1)

Don't Try to Show All of New Zealand

232

(1)

Pursue Your Interest in People

233

(1)

Make Viewers Watch

233

(1)

Develop Video Fluency

234

(1)

Accommodate Your Reporting to Story Demands

234

(1)

Reporting the Nonvisual Story

234

(1)

Personal Appearance and Conduct

235

(1)

Etiquette

236

(1)

Shooting and Reporting Spot News

236

(3)

Toward a News Philosophy

239

(5)

Summary

240

(1)

Discussion

240

(1)

Exercises

241

(1)

Notes

242

(2)

The Role of Talent Performance in Field Reporting

244

(23)

Benefits of Developing Performance Potential

244

(1)

How to Develop the Qualities That Make You Interesting

245

(1)

Why We Communicate

246

(1)

Communicate What You Feel about the Story

247

(1)

Put a Feeling of Experience into Your Reports

248

(1)

Multidimensional Reporting

248

(1)

The Body Language of Effective Reporting

249

(1)

Give the Story's Meaning Some Thought

249

(1)

Marking Copy

249

(2)

Err on the Side of ``Overdoing It''

251

(1)

How to Relax

252

(1)

Developing Conversational Delivery

252

(1)

Give Yourself Something to Do

253

(1)

Reasons to Do Standups

254

(1)

The Demonstration Standup

254

(1)

Avoid Staging in the Demonstration Standup

255

(1)

Dress for the Environment

256

(1)

Your Appearance

256

(1)

Let the Audience Know You as a Friend

257

(1)

Community Analysis

258

(1)

Impacting How People Perceive Your News Sources

259

(1)

Use Your Body More Effectively

260

(1)

Posture Matters

261

(1)

How Reporters Evolve into Anchors

261

(1)

Split-Focus Presentation

262

(1)

The Anchor Debrief

262

(1)

When You Are before the Camera

262

(5)

Summary

263

(1)

Discussion

264

(1)

Exercises

265

(1)

Notes

266

(1)

Live Shots and Remotes

267

(21)

Luan Akin

What Does It Take to ``Go Live?''

268

(1)

Spot News

268

(6)

Television Live Shot Formats

274

(3)

Narration

277

(1)

Helicopter Live Shots

278

(1)

Live in the Newsroom

279

(1)

Live Graphics

279

(1)

Live/Anchor Intros

280

(1)

Reporter Close

281

(1)

Anchor Close

281

(1)

Why Go Live?

282

(1)

Why Not Go Live?

282

(1)

Phoners

283

(1)

Some Parting Advice

283

(1)

A Final Thought

284

(4)

Summary

284

(1)

Exercises

285

(3)

Law and the Broadcast Journalist

288

(26)

Anyone Can Sue for Anything

288

(1)

The Four Essential Questions

289

(1)

The Chilling Effect of Litigation

289

(1)

Gathering the News

289

(3)

How to Avoid Common Legal Problems

292

(4)

Technology

296

(1)

Routine Telephone Use

297

(2)

Access to Children and Juveniles as News Sources

299

(1)

Subpoenas and Shield Laws

299

(1)

Access Laws

300

(1)

Courtroom Television

300

(3)

The First Ban on Cameras in the Courtroom

303

(6)

A Legal Perspective

309

(5)

Summary

309

(2)

Discussion

311

(1)

Exercises

312

(1)

Notes

312

(2)

Journalistic Ethics

314

(21)

A Definition of Ethics

314

(1)

The Effects of Competition

315

(1)

Situational Ethics

316

(1)

Those Who Disseminate Ideas Cannot Be Licensed

316

(1)

The Journalist's Contract Is with the Public

317

(1)

Law and Ethics Are Interwined

318

(1)

Toward a Personal Standard of Ethics

318

(1)

Case Studies in Ethical Dilemmas

318

(1)

Ethical Conflict Situations

319

(4)

Accepting Favors

323

(1)

Reporting in Context

323

(1)

Reverse-Angle Questions

324

(1)

Staged News Events

324

(2)

Identify File Video Prominently

326

(1)

Identify Material Provided from Outside Sources

326

(1)

Toward an Individual Code of Ethics

326

(9)

Summary

330

(1)

Discussion

330

(1)

Exercises

331

(1)

Discussion of Ethical Conflict Situations

331

(3)

Notes

334

(1)

Appendix A: Reporting, Writing, and Editing Checklist

335

(4)

Appendix B: Using the Internet as a Reporting Tool

339

(5)

Glossary

344

(13)

Credits

357

(2)

Index

359

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Television Field Production and Reporting

Television Field Production and Reporting

9780321044266

0321044266

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Television Field Production and Reporting

Television Field Production and Reporting

9780321044266

0321044266

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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