Rent 9780205318476 | Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences

Summary Table of Contents

This book offers the most comprehensive and straightforward coverage of doing qualitative research on the market, now with a new chapter on Action Research.The author's central purpose remains a desire to instruct inexperienced researchers in ways of effectively collecting, organizing, and making sense of qualitative data, while stressing the importance of ethics in research and in taking the time to properly design and think through any research endeavor. After reading this book, fledgling researchers should be able to design, collect, and analyze data and then present their results to the scientific community.

Preface

xiii

Introduction

(14)

Quantitative versus Quanlitative Schools of Thought

(2)

... MORE

Use of Triangulation Research Methodology

(2)

Qualitative Strategies: Defining an Orientation

(2)

From a Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

(2)

Why Use Qualitative Methods?

(1)

A Plan of Presentation

(1)

References

(3)

Designing Qualitative Research

(24)

Theory and Concepts

(1)

Ideas and Theory

(3)

Literature Review

(5)

The Two-Card Method

(3)

Framing Research Problems

(1)

Operationalization and Conceptualization

(3)

Designing Projects

(5)

Setting and Population Appropriateness

(1)

Sampling Strategies

(3)

Data Collection and Organization

(3)

Data Storage, Retrieval, and Analysis

(1)

Dissemination

(1)

Trying it Out

(1)

References

(2)

Ethical Issues

(27)

Research Ethics in Historical Perspective

(4)

From Guidelines to Law: Regulations on the Research Process

(1)

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

(7)

IRBs and Their Duties

(2)

Clarifying the Role of IRBs

(2)

Active versus Passive Consent

(1)

Membership Criteria for IRBs

(1)

Ethical Codes

(1)

Some Common Ethical Concerns in Behavioral Research

(1)

Physical and Ethical Dangers in Covert Research

(2)

Informed Consent and Implied Consent

(1)

Confidentiality and Anonymity

(2)

Keeping Identifying Records

(1)

Strategies for Safeguarding Confidentiality

(1)

Securing the Data

(1)

Objectivity and Careful Research Design

(2)

Trying it Out

(1)

References

(3)

A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing

(45)

Dramaturgy and Interviewing

(1)

Types of Interviews

(4)

The Standardized Interview

(1)

The Unstandardized Interview

(1)

The Semistandardized Interview

(2)

The Interview Schedule

(2)

Schedule Development

(3)

Question Order, Content, and Style

(3)

Communicating Effectively

(1)

A Few Common Problems in Question Formulation

(2)

Affectively Worded Questions

(1)

The Double-Barreled Question

(1)

Complex Questions

(1)

Question Sequencing

(1)

Pretesting the Schedule

(1)

Long Versus Short Interviews

(2)

Telephone Interviews

(2)

Conducting an Interview: A Natural or an Unnatural Communication?

(1)

The Dramaturgical Interview

(8)

Interviewer Roles and Rapport

(3)

The Interviewer as a Self-Conscious Performer

(1)

Social Interpretations and the Interviewer

(3)

The Interviewer's Repertoire

(7)

Interviewers' Attitudes and Persuading a Subject

(1)

Developing an Interviewer Repertoire

(1)

Techniques to Get New Researchers Started

(1)

Taking the Show on the Road

(1)

The Ten Commandments of Interviewing

(1)

Know Your Audience

100

(2)

Curtain Calls

101

(1)

Analyzing Data Obtained from the Dramaturgical Interview

102

(3)

Beginning an Analysis

103

(1)

Systemetic Filling Systems

103

(2)

Short-Answer Sheets

105

(1)

Analysis Procedures: A Concluding Remark

105

(1)

Trying it Out

105

(2)

Notes

107

(1)

References

107

(4)

Focus Group Interviewing

111

(22)

What Are Focus Group Interviews?

111

(1)

The Evolution of Focus Group Interviews

112

(2)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Group Interviewing

114

(6)

Focus Group Interviewing and Face-to-Face Interviewing

115

(2)

Focus Group Interviewing and Participant Observation

117

(1)

Focus Group Interviewing and Unobtrusive Measures

118

(2)

Facilitating Focus Groups Dynamics: How Focus Groups Work

120

(1)

The Moderator's Guide

121

(2)

Introduction and Introductory Activities

121

(1)

Statement of the Basic Rules or Guidelines for the Interview

122

(1)

Short Question-and-Answer Discussions

122

(1)

Special Activities or Exercises

122

(1)

Guidance for Dealing with Sensitive Issues

123

(1)

Basic Ingredients in Focus Groups

123

(4)

Confidentiality and Focus Group Interviews

127

(2)

Recent Trends in Focus Groups

129

(1)

Conclusion

130

(1)

Trying it Out

130

(1)

Notes

130

(1)

References

131

(2)

Ethnographic Field Strategies

133

(45)

Accessing a Field Setting: Getting in

136

(3)

Reflectivity and Ethnography

139

(8)

The Attitude of the Ethnographer

139

(1)

The Researcher's Voice

140

(4)

Gaining Entry

144

(3)

Becoming Invisible

147

(4)

Dangers of Invisibility

148

(2)

A New Problem in Data Protection: The Case of Mario Brajuha

150

(1)

Other Dangers During Ethnographic Reserach

151

(2)

Watching, Listening, and Learning

153

(12)

How to Learn: What to Watch and Listen for

155

(3)

Field Notes

158

(6)

Analyzing Ethnographic Data

164

(1)

Other Analysis Strategies: Typologies, Sociograms, and Metaphors

165

(6)

Typologies

166

(1)

Sociograms

167

(4)

Metaphors

171

(1)

Disengaging: Getting Out

171

(2)

Trying it Out

173

(1)

Note

173

(1)

References

173

(5)

Action Research

178

(11)

The Basics of Action Research

180

(1)

Identifying the Research Question(s)

181

(1)

Gathering the Information to Answer the Question(s)

182

(1)

Analyzing and Interpreting the Information

182

(2)

Procedures for Using Interview and Ethnographic Data

183

(1)

Guiding Questions of Analysis: Why, What, How, Who, Where, When?

183

(1)

Descriptive Accounts and Reports

184

(1)

Sharing The Results with the Participants

184

(1)

The Action Researcher's Role

185

(1)

Types of Action Research

185

(2)

Technical/Scientific/Collaborative Mode

186

(1)

A Practical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate Mode

186

(1)

Emancipating/Enhancing/Critical Science Mode

187

(1)

Trying it Out

187

(1)

References

188

(1)

Unobtrusive Measures in Research

189

(21)

Archival Strategies

190

(13)

Public Archives

191

(9)

Private Archives: Solicited and Unsolicited Documents

200

(3)

A Last Remark about Archival Records

203

(1)

Physical Erosion and Accretion: Human Traces as Data Sources

203

(3)

Erosion Measures

203

(1)

Accretion Measures

204

(1)

Some Final Remarks about Physical Traces

205

(1)

Trying it Out

206

(1)

References

207

(3)

Historiography and Oral Traditions

210

(15)

What is Historical Research?

210

(3)

Life Histories and Historiography

213

(1)

What are the Sources of Data of Historical Researchers?

214

(1)

Doing Historiography: Tracing Written History as Data

214

(5)

External Criticism

216

(2)

Internal Criticism

218

(1)

What are Oral Histories?

219

(3)

Trying it Out

222

(1)

References

222

(3)

Case Studies

225

(13)

The Nature of Case Studies

225

(1)

The Individual Case Study

226

(3)

The Use of Interview Data

226

(1)

The Use of Personal Documents

227

(2)

Intrinsic, Instrumental, and Collective Case Studies

229

(1)

Case Study Design Types

229

(2)

Exploratory Case Studies

230

(1)

Explanatory Case Studies

230

(1)

Descriptive Case Studies

230

(1)

The Scientific Benefit of Case Studies

231

(2)

Objectivity and the Case Method

231

(1)

Generalizability

232

(1)

Case Studies of Organizations

233

(1)

Case Studies of Communities

233

(3)

Data Collection for Community Case Studies

234

(1)

Community Groups and Interests

235

(1)

Trying it Out

236

(1)

References

236

(2)

An Introduction to Content Analysis

238

(30)

Analysis of Qualitative Data

238

(2)

Interpretative Approaches

239

(1)

Social Anthropological Approaches

239

(1)

Collaborative Social Research Approaches

240

(1)

Content Analysis as a Technique

240

(1)

Content Analysis: Quantitative or Qualitative?

241

(2)

Manifest versus Latent Content Analysis

242

(1)

Blending Manifest and Latent Content Analysis Strategies

243

(1)

Communication Components

243

(1)

What to Count: Levels and Units of Analysis

244

(1)

Category Development: Building Grounded Theory

245

(6)

What to Count

246

(1)

Combinations of Elements

247

(1)

Units and Categories

248

(2)

Classes and Categories

250

(1)

Open Coding

251

(2)

Coding Frames

253

(5)

A Few More Words on Analytic Induction

255

(1)

Interrogative Hypothesis Testing

256

(2)

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Content Analysis Process

258

(1)

Computers and Qualitative Analysis

259

(4)

Word Processors

261

(1)

Text Retrievers

261

(1)

Textbase Managers

261

(1)

Code-and-Retrieve Programs

262

(1)

Code-Based Theory Builders

262

(1)

Conceptual Network Builders

262

(1)

Qualitative Research at the Speed of Light

263

(2)

Trying it Out

265

(1)

References

265

(3)

Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup

268

(21)

Identifying the Purpose of the Writing: Arranging the Noodles

268

(1)

Delineating a Supportive Structure: Visual Signals for the Reader

269

(11)

The Abstract

271

(2)

The Introduction

273

(1)

Literature Review

273

(2)

Methodology

275

(1)

Findings or Results

276

(1)

Discussion/Conclusion

277

(1)

References, Notes, and Appendices

278

(2)

Presenting Research Material

280

(4)

Disseminating the Research: Professional Meetings and Publications

280

(4)

A Word About the Content of Papers and Articles

284

(1)

Write it, Rewrite it, Then Write it Again!

284

(2)

A Final Note

286

(1)

Notes

287

(1)

References

287

(2)

Name Index

289

(7)

Subject Index

296

RENT TEXTBOOKS

Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences

Why Rent from Knetbooks?

Top 5 reasons to order all your textbooks from Knetbooks:

Related Products