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| Foreword | p. xv |
| Research and Writing | |
| The Research Paper as a Form of Exploration | p. 3 |
| The Research Paper as a Form of Communication | p. 5 |
| Selecting a Topic | p. 6 |
| Freedom of Choice | p. 6 |
| Finding an Appropriate Focus | p. 7 |
| Summing Up | p. 7 |
| Conducting Research | p. 8 |
| The Modern Academic Library | p. 8 |
| Library Research Sources | p. 9 |
| The Central Information System | p. 10 |
| Reference Works | p. 11 |
| The Online Catalog of Library Holdings | p. 20 |
| Full-Text Databases | p. 25 |
| Other Library Resources and Services | p. 30 |
| Internet Sources | p. 31 |
| Summing Up | p. 36 |
| Compiling a Working Bibliography | p. 37 |
| Keeping Track of Sources | p. 37 |
| Creating a Computer File for the Working Bibliography | p. 37 |
| Recording Essential Publication Information | p. 38 |
| Noting Other Useful Information | p. 40 |
| Verifying Publication Information | p. 40 |
| Converting the Working Bibliography to the Works-Cited List | p. 40 |
| Summing Up | p. 41 |
| Evaluating Sources | p. 41 |
| Authority | p. 41 |
| Accuracy and Verifiability | p. 44 |
| Currency | p. 45 |
| Summing Up | p. 45 |
| Taking Notes | p. 46 |
| Methods of Note-Taking | p. 46 |
| Types of Note-Taking | p. 46 |
| Recording Page Numbers | p. 47 |
| Using a Computer for Note-Taking | p. 47 |
| Amount and Accuracy of Note-Taking | p. 47 |
| Summing Up | p. 48 |
| Outlining | p. 48 |
| Working Outline | p. 48 |
| Thesis Statement | p. 49 |
| Final Outline | p. 51 |
| Summing Up | p. 56 |
| Writing Drafts | p. 57 |
| The First Draft | p. 57 |
| Subsequent Drafts | p. 57 |
| Writing with a Word Processor | p. 58 |
| The Final Draft and the Research Project Portfolio | p. 59 |
| Summing Up | p. 59 |
| Language and Style | p. 60 |
| Guides to Writing | p. 61 |
| Plagiarism | |
| Definition of Plagiarism | p. 66 |
| Consequences of Plagiarism | p. 66 |
| Information Sharing Today | p. 68 |
| Unintentional Plagiarism | p. 69 |
| Forms of Plagiarism | p. 70 |
| When Documentation Is Not Needed | p. 73 |
| Other Issues | p. 74 |
| Reusing a Research Paper | p. 74 |
| Collaborative Work | p. 74 |
| Copyright Infringement | p. 74 |
| Summing Up | p. 75 |
| The Mechanics of Writing | |
| Spelling | p. 79 |
| Consistency | p. 79 |
| Word Division | p. 79 |
| Plurals | p. 80 |
| Foreign Words | p. 80 |
| Punctuation | p. 80 |
| The Purpose of Punctuation | p. 80 |
| Commas | p. 81 |
| Semicolons | p. 85 |
| Colons | p. 86 |
| Dashes and Parentheses | p. 87 |
| Hyphens | p. 88 |
| Apostrophes | p. 90 |
| Quotation Marks | p. 91 |
| Square Brackets | p. 92 |
| Slashes | p. 93 |
| Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points | p. 93 |
| Spacing after Concluding Punctuation Marks | p. 93 |
| Italics (Underlining) | p. 94 |
| Words and Letters Referred to as Words and Letters | p. 95 |
| Foreign Words in an English Text | p. 95 |
| Emphasis | p. 95 |
| Names of Persons | p. 96 |
| First and Subsequent Uses of Names | p. 96 |
| Titles of Persons | p. 96 |
| Names of Authors and Fictional Characters | p. 97 |
| Numbers | p. 97 |
| Arabic Numerals | p. 97 |
| Use of Words or Numerals | p. 98 |
| Commas in Numbers | p. 99 |
| Percentages and Amounts of Money | p. 100 |
| Dates and Times of the Day | p. 100 |
| Inclusive Numbers | p. 101 |
| Roman Numerals | p. 102 |
| Titles of Works in the Research Paper | p. 102 |
| Capitalization and Punctuation | p. 102 |
| Underlined Titles | p. 104 |
| Titles in Quotation Marks | p. 105 |
| Titles and Quotations within Titles | p. 106 |
| Exceptions | p. 107 |
| Shortened Titles | p. 109 |
| Quotations | p. 109 |
| Use and Accuracy of Quotations | p. 109 |
| Prose | p. 110 |
| Poetry | p. 111 |
| Drama | p. 113 |
| Ellipsis | p. 114 |
| Other Alterations of Sources | p. 118 |
| Punctuation with Quotations | p. 119 |
| Translations of Quotations | p. 121 |
| Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other Than English | p. 122 |
| French | p. 122 |
| German | p. 124 |
| Italian | p. 126 |
| Spanish | p. 127 |
| Latin | p. 129 |
| The Format of the Research Paper | |
| Printing or Typing | p. 132 |
| Paper | p. 132 |
| Margins | p. 132 |
| Spacing | p. 133 |
| Heading and Title | p. 133 |
| Page Numbers | p. 134 |
| Tables and Illustrations | p. 134 |
| Corrections and Insertions | p. 137 |
| Binding | p. 138 |
| Electronic Submission | p. 138 |
| Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited | |
| Documenting Sources | p. 142 |
| MLA Style | p. 142 |
| The List of Works Cited and Other Source Lists | p. 144 |
| Format of the List of Works Cited | p. 145 |
| Arrangement of Entries | p. 146 |
| Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications | p. 147 |
| The Basic Entry: A Book by a Single Author | p. 147 |
| An Anthology or a Compilation | p. 152 |
| Two or More Books by the Same Author | p. 153 |
| A Book by Two or More Authors | p. 154 |
| Two or More Books by the Same Authors | p. 156 |
| A Book by a Corporate Author | p. 157 |
| A Work in an Anthology | p. 158 |
| An Article in a Reference Book | p. 160 |
| An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword | p. 161 |
| Cross-References | p. 162 |
| An Anonymous Book | p. 163 |
| An Edition | p. 163 |
| A Translation | p. 165 |
| A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition | p. 166 |
| A Multivolume Work | p. 167 |
| A Book in a Series | p. 170 |
| A Republished Book | p. 171 |
| A Publisher's Imprint | p. 172 |
| A Book with Multiple Publishers | p. 173 |
| A Pamphlet | p. 174 |
| A Government Publication | p. 174 |
| The Published Proceedings of a Conference | p. 176 |
| A Book in a Language Other Than English | p. 177 |
| A Book Published before 1900 | p. 177 |
| A Book without Stated Publication Information or Pagination | p. 178 |
| An Unpublished Dissertation | p. 179 |
| A Published Dissertation | p. 179 |
| Citing Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals | p. 180 |
| The Basic Entry: An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination | p. 180 |
| An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Separately | p. 184 |
| An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers | p. 184 |
| An Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One Series | p. 185 |
| An Article in a Newspaper | p. 185 |
| An Article in a Magazine | p. 187 |
| A Review | p. 188 |
| An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal | p. 189 |
| An Anonymous Article | p. 190 |
| An Editorial | p. 190 |
| A Letter to the Editor | p. 191 |
| A Serialized Article | p. 191 |
| A Special Issue | p. 192 |
| An Article in a Microform Collection of Articles | p. 193 |
| An Article Reprinted in a Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles | p. 193 |
| Citing Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources | p. 194 |
| A Television or Radio Program | p. 194 |
| A Sound Recording | p. 196 |
| A Film or Video Recording | p. 198 |
| A Performance | p. 199 |
| A Musical Composition | p. 200 |
| A Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph | p. 201 |
| An Interview | p. 202 |
| A Map or Chart | p. 203 |
| A Cartoon or Comic Strip | p. 203 |
| An Advertisement | p. 204 |
| A Lecture, a Speech, an Address, or a Reading | p. 204 |
| A Manuscript or Typescript | p. 205 |
| A Letter or Memo | p. 205 |
| A Legal Source | p. 206 |
| Citing Electronic Publications | p. 207 |
| The Basic Entry: A Document from an Internet Site | p. 207 |
| An Entire Internet Site | p. 216 |
| An Online Book | p. 218 |
| An Article in an Online Periodical | p. 221 |
| A Publication on CD-ROM, Diskette, or Magnetic Tape | p. 224 |
| A Work in More Than One Publication Medium | p. 228 |
| A Work from a Library or Personal Subscription Service | p. 229 |
| A Work in an Indeterminate Medium | p. 230 |
| Other Electronic Sources | p. 231 |
| Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text | |
| Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited | p. 238 |
| Information Required in Parenthetical Documentation | p. 238 |
| Readability | p. 239 |
| Sample References | p. 242 |
| Citing an Entire Work, Including a Work with No Page Numbers | p. 242 |
| Citing Part of a Work | p. 244 |
| Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work | p. 247 |
| Citing a Work Listed by Title | p. 247 |
| Citing a Work by a Corporate Author | p. 250 |
| Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors | p. 251 |
| Citing Indirect Sources | p. 252 |
| Citing Literary and Religious Works | p. 253 |
| Citing More Than One Work in a Single Parenthetical Reference | p. 256 |
| Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation | p. 258 |
| Content Notes | p. 258 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 259 |
| Abbreviations | |
| Introduction | p. 262 |
| Time Designations | p. 263 |
| Geographic Names | p. 264 |
| Common Scholarly Abbreviations | p. 265 |
| Publishers' Names | p. 272 |
| Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading and Correction | p. 274 |
| Selected Proofreading Symbols | p. 274 |
| Common Correction Symbols and Abbreviations | p. 275 |
| Titles of Literary and Religious Works | p. 275 |
| Bible | p. 276 |
| Shakespeare | p. 278 |
| Chaucer | p. 279 |
| Other Literary Works | p. 280 |
| Selected Reference Works by Field | |
| Anthropology | p. 284 |
| Art and Architecture | p. 284 |
| Biology | p. 285 |
| Business | p. 285 |
| Chemistry | p. 286 |
| Computer Science | p. 286 |
| Education | p. 287 |
| Environmental Sciences | p. 287 |
| Geography | p. 288 |
| Geology | p. 288 |
| History | p. 289 |
| Language and Literature | p. 289 |
| Law | p. 291 |
| Mathematics | p. 291 |
| Medicine | p. 291 |
| Music | p. 292 |
| Philosophy | p. 292 |
| Physics | p. 293 |
| Psychology | p. 293 |
| Religion | p. 294 |
| Science and Technology | p. 294 |
| Sociology | p. 295 |
| Other Systems of Documentation | |
| Endnotes and Footnotes | p. 298 |
| Documentation Notes versus the List of Works Cited and Parenthetical References | p. 298 |
| Note Numbers | p. 298 |
| Note Form versus Bibliographic Form | p. 299 |
| Endnotes versus Footnotes | p. 299 |
| Sample First Note References: Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications | p. 300 |
| Sample First Note References: Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals | p. 303 |
| Sample First Note References: Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources | p. 306 |
| Sample First Note References: Electronic Publications | p. 309 |
| Subsequent References | p. 312 |
| Author-Date System | p. 313 |
| Number System | p. 315 |
| Specialized Style Manuals | p. 316 |
| Sample Pages of a Research Paper in MLA Style | p. 319 |
| Index | p. 323 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |