Rent 9780131189324 | Introduction to Animal Science : Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives

Summary Table of Contents

For introductory courses in Animal Science.Now in its Third Edition, Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives continues to present the most complete, up-to-date coverage of the traditional disciplines that are so essential to a soild foundation in Animal Science: nutrition, digestion, feeds, genetics, reproduction, disease, and animal behavior. Species-focused chapters include the major species (horse, dair cattle, beef cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, and swine) as well as the minor species (aquaculture... MORE, pets/companion animals, the lamoids, and rabbits).In addition, however, the study of modern Animal Science also requires a comprehensive, non-traditional approach that effectively introduces the discipline as an ever-changing and integral part of every aspect of human existence. For this reason, author W. Stephen Damron not only presents thorough coverage of the major species and their respective concerns - he also challenges the reader to consider the many pressing interests relevant to Animal Science as it influences and is influenced by society today.

Now in its Third Edition,Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectivescontinues to present the most complete, up-to-date coverage of on nutrition, digestion, feeds, genetics, reproduction, disease, and animal behavior. Species-focused chapters include the major species (horse, dair cattle, beef cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, and swine) as well as the minor species (aquaculture, pets/companion animals, the lamoids, and rabbits). In addition, however, the study of modern Animal Science also requires a comprehensive,non-traditionalapproach that effectively introduces the discipline as an ever-changing and integral part of every aspect of human existence. For this reason, author W. Stephen Damron not only presents thorough coverage of the major species and their respective concerns - he also challenges the reader to consider the many pressing interests relevant to Animal Science as it influences and is influenced by society today.Four-Part Organization easily accommodates the three major approaches of animal science: biological, industry or species. A Global perspective discusses the impact of animals on humans throughout the world. Introduces readers to types of agriculture found around the world and the influences other countries have on U.S. animal industries. Introduces readers to concerns affecting industry such as animal welfare, animal rights, food safety, ethical resource allocation, and sustainability of agriculture. Includes highly publicized issues such as mad cow disease and bioterrorism. Anyone interested in or involved in animal science.

... MORE

Preface

xxix

PART ONE THE PLACE OF ANIMALS AND ANIMAL SCIENCE IN THE LIVES OF HUMANS

(70)

Introduction to the Animal Sciences

(13)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Animal Science Specialties

(1)

Animal Distribution

(2)

Contributions of Animals to Mankind

(7)

Food Source

(4)

Other Uses

(3)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(1)

The Value of Animals to Mankind

(21)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals

(5)

Red Meat and Poultry Production

(3)

Edible Slaughter By-Products

(1)

Milk and Milk Products

(1)

Poultry and Eggs

(1)

Miscellaneous Food Uses

(1)

The Value of Animal Products in the Human Diet

(1)

The Nonfood Uses of Agricultural Animals

(11)

Body Coverings

(2)

Power Sources

(1)

Body Wastes

(1)

Pest and Weed Control

(1)

Storage of Capital and Food

(1)

Cultural Uses

(1)

Nonfood or Inedible Slaughter By-Products

(1)

Human Health Research

(1)

Income

(1)

Conservation

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(2)

Factors Affecting World Agricultural Structure

(20)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Adaptation

(3)

Artificial Environments

(2)

Adaptive Changes

(1)

Climatic Environments of the World

(6)

Tropical Climates

(2)

Deserts

(1)

Cold Environments

(4)

Temperate Climates

(1)

Social and Cultural Differences

(8)

Religion

(3)

Levels of Economic Development

(1)

Levels of Agricultural Development

(3)

Economic Institutions and Agricultural Development

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(2)

Worldwide Systems of Agricultural Production

(14)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Types of Agricultural Systems

(9)

Primitive Agriculture

(2)

Subsistence Agriculture

(1)

Developed Agriculture

(4)

Developed Versus Subsistence Agriculture

(1)

Comparison of the Livestock Industry in the Developed and the Developing Countries

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(2)

PART TWO THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

(226)

Introduction to Nutrition

(24)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The Nutrients and Their Uses

(2)

Body Functions and Nutrient Needs

(3)

Feed Analysis

(14)

Determining the Value of Feedstuffs to Animals

(3)

Nutrient Requirements

(1)

Ration Formulation

(1)

Sources of Information

(7)

Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Study Questions

(1)

References

(1)

The Gastrointestinal Tract and Nutrition

(19)

Learning Objectives

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Introduction

(1)

Classification of Digestive Systems

(2)

An Overview of the Steps of Digestion

100

(3)

Digestion in the Pig

103

(2)

Digestion in the Ruminant

105

(4)

The Fermentation Process

108

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Ruminant System

109

(1)

Digestion in the Avian

109

(2)

Digestion in the Horse

111

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

113

(1)

Study Questions

113

(1)

References

114

(2)

Feedstuffs Classification

116

(20)

Learning Objectives

116

(1)

Key Terms

116

(1)

Introduction

116

(1)

Feedstuff Categories

117

(17)

Dry Forages and Roughages

117

(1)

Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages

117

(1)

Silages

118

(3)

Energy Feeds

121

(6)

Protein Supplements

127

(3)

Mineral and Vitamin Supplements

130

(4)

Nonnutritive Additives

134

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

134

(1)

Study Questions

134

(1)

References

135

(1)

Genetics

136

(23)

Learning Objectives

136

(1)

Key Terms

136

(1)

Introduction

137

(1)

The Gene

138

(3)

Principles of Inheritance

141

(2)

Mitosis and Meiosis

143

(2)

Mitosis

143

(1)

Meiosis

144

(1)

Gene Expression

145

(3)

Dominant and Recessive Expression

145

(1)

Codominance

146

(1)

Incomplete Dominance

147

(1)

Epistasis

147

(1)

Multiple Alleles

148

(1)

Testcrossing

148

(1)

Sex-Related Inheritance

148

(1)

Sex-Linked Inheritance

148

(1)

Sex-Influenced Inheritance

149

(1)

Sex-Limited Traits

149

(1)

Population Genetics

149

(2)

Gene Frequency

149

(1)

Animal Breeding and Population Genetics

149

(1)

Mutation and Genetic Drift

150

(1)

Migration and Selection

150

(1)

Quantity Versus Quality Traits

151

(3)

Qualitative and Quantitative Traits

151

(1)

Heritability

152

(1)

Systems of Mating

153

(1)

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

154

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

156

(1)

Study Questions

156

(1)

References

157

(2)

Animal Breeding

159

(37)

Learning Objectives

159

(1)

Key Terms

159

(1)

Introduction

160

(1)

Beef Cattle Genetic Improvement

160

(15)

Heritability

161

(1)

Genetic Correlations

162

(1)

Performance Information

163

(2)

Genetic Evaluation, Breeding Value, and Expected Progeny Difference

165

(1)

Growth Trait EPDs

166

(1)

Breed Average EPD and Base Year

166

(1)

Accuracy

167

(1)

Possible Change

167

(1)

Sire Summaries

167

(1)

Maternal Trait EPDs

168

(1)

Milk EPD

169

(1)

Combined Maternal EPD

169

(2)

Use of EPDs

171

(4)

Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement

175

(7)

Heritability Estimates

175

(1)

Associations Among Traits

175

(2)

Goal Setting and Trait Emphasis

177

(1)

Genetic Evaluation Procedures

178

(3)

Sire Selection

181

(1)

Swine Genetic Improvement

182

(4)

Performance Information

182

(1)

Genetic Parameters

183

(1)

Breeding Value and Expected Progeny Difference

183

(1)

Swine Breeds

184

(1)

Stages

185

(1)

Sheep Genetic Improvement

186

(6)

Breed and Breed Types

187

(1)

Selection

188

(1)

National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP)

189

(2)

Heterosis in Sheep Breeding

191

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

192

(1)

Study Questions

192

(2)

References

194

(2)

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

196

(19)

Learning Objectives

196

(1)

Key Terms

196

(1)

Introduction

197

(1)

Genetic Engineering

198

(4)

Gene Map

199

(3)

Monoclonal Antibodies

202

(1)

Gene Therapy

202

(1)

Cloning

202

(1)

Micropropagation

203

(2)

Current and Potential Uses of Biotechnology and/or Genetically Engineered Organisms

205

(4)

Applications of Biotechnology

205

(4)

Biotechnology in Waste Management

209

(1)

Regulation of Genetically Engineered Products

210

(1)

Societal Concerns

210

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

211

(1)

Study Questions

212

(1)

References

213

(2)

Animal Reproduction

215

(25)

Learning Objectives

215

(1)

Key Terms

215

(1)

Introduction

216

(1)

Puberty

216

(2)

Endocrinology

218

(2)

Anatomy

220

(5)

Female

220

(3)

Male

223

(2)

Pregnancy

225

(4)

Parturition

227

(2)

Environmental Influences on Reproduction

229

(1)

Technology and Reproduction

230

(4)

Artificial Insemination

230

(2)

Estrous Synchronization

232

(1)

Embryo Transfer

233

(1)

``In Vitro'' Fertilization

234

(1)

Reproduction in Poultry and Birds

234

(3)

Hen

234

(2)

Cock

236

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

237

(1)

Study Questions

238

(1)

References

239

(1)

Lactation

240

(11)

Learning Objectives

240

(1)

Key Terms

240

(1)

Introduction

240

(1)

Mammary Gland Anatomy

241

(3)

Components of Milk

244

(3)

Carbohydrates

244

(1)

Protein

245

(1)

Lipids

246

(1)

Calcium

246

(1)

Other Factors in Milk Production

247

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

249

(1)

Study Questions

249

(1)

References

250

(1)

Animal Behavior

251

(24)

Learning Objectives

251

(1)

Key Terms

251

(1)

Introduction

252

(1)

Areas of Study in Animal Behavior

253

(3)

Communication

253

(1)

Aggression and Social Structure

254

(1)

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

254

(1)

Sexual Behavior

254

(1)

Maternal Behavior

254

(1)

Development of Behavior

255

(1)

Learning

255

(1)

Ingestive Behavior: Food and Water Intake

255

(1)

Behavioral Disorders

255

(1)

Livestock Behavior

256

(15)

Temperament

256

(2)

Training and Habituating Livestock to Handling and Restraint

258

(1)

Effects of Novelty

259

(1)

Vision

259

(1)

Noise

260

(1)

Flight Zone

260

(2)

Herd Animals

262

(1)

Genetic Differences

262

(2)

Handler Dominance

264

(1)

Handling Facility Layout

264

(3)

Improved Handling Practices

267

(4)

Objective Scoring of Handling

271

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

271

(1)

Study Questions

272

(1)

References

273

(2)

Animal Health

275

(22)

Learning Objectives

275

(1)

Key Terms

275

(1)

Introduction

275

(1)

Disease

276

(5)

Causes of Disease

276

(3)

Describing Disease

279

(1)

Diagnosis of Disease

280

(1)

Veterinary Services Available

281

(2)

Mobile

281

(1)

Drive-In Animal Clinics/Hospitals

282

(1)

Programmed Health Management

282

(1)

Resident Veterinarian

282

(1)

Diagnostic Services

282

(1)

The Body's Defense Against Disease

283

(1)

Herd Health

284

(2)

Management

284

(1)

Nutrition

284

(1)

Genetics

284

(1)

Prevention

284

(2)

Animal Disease and Human Well-Being

286

(2)

Emotional Loss

286

(1)

Animal Disease and Human Health

286

(2)

Animal Disease and National Economies

288

(1)

Animal Disease and Farm Income

288

(1)

Bioterrorism

288

(1)

Regulatory Animal Medicine

289

(5)

Federal Regulation

289

(4)

State Regulation

293

(1)

Accredited Veterinarians

293

(1)

United States Animal Health Association (USAHA)

293

(1)

Organizations

293

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

294

(1)

Study Questions

295

(1)

References

295

(2)

PART THREE THE ANIMAL INDUSTRIES

297

(382)

Market Coordination in the Beef, Pork, and Poultry Industries

299

(15)

Learning Objectives

299

(1)

Key Terms

299

(1)

Introduction

299

(1)

Vertical Integration Definition

299

(1)

Vertical Coordination Motives

300

(1)

Current State of Vertical Integration

301

(1)

Production Characteristics: Beef, Pork, and Poultry

302

(3)

Biological Production Cycle

302

(1)

Genetic Base

303

(1)

Industry Stages

304

(1)

Geographic Concentration in Production

304

(1)

Operation Size and Specialization

304

(1)

Market Factors Enhancing Coordination

305

(4)

Value-Added Products at Retail

305

(1)

New Product Development

306

(2)

Brand Marketing

308

(1)

Vertical Coordination Limitations

309

(3)

Capital

309

(1)

Risk

310

(1)

Control of Quantity, Quality, and Consistency

311

(1)

Management Skills Needed

312

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

312

(1)

Study Questions

313

(1)

References

313

(1)

Beef Cattle

314

(34)

Learning Objectives

314

(1)

Key Terms

314

(1)

Scientific Classification of Cattle

315

(1)

The Place of the Beef Cattle Industry in U.S. Agriculture

315

(1)

Purpose of the Beef Cattle Industry in the United States

316

(1)

Historical Perspective

317

(3)

Structure of the Beef Industry

320

(3)

Geographical Location of Beef Cattle in the United States

323

(2)

Genetics and Breeding Programs

325

(5)

Breeds

328

(2)

Reproductive Management in Beef Cattle

330

(1)

Nutrition in Beef Cattle

331

(2)

Beef's Nutritional Benefits to Humans

333

(4)

Trends and Factors That Will Influence the Beef Industry in the Future

337

(7)

Consumption

337

(3)

Exports

340

(1)

Technology

340

(1)

Food Safety

340

(2)

Environmental Concerns

342

(1)

Industry Structure

343

(1)

Industry Organizations

344

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

345

(1)

Study Questions

346

(1)

References

346

(2)

Dairy Cattle

348

(40)

Learning Objectives

348

(1)

Key Terms

348

(1)

Scientific Classification of Cattle

349

(1)

The Place of the Dairy Cattle Industry in U. S. Agriculture

349

(3)

Purpose of the Dairy Cattle Industry in the United States

352

(1)

Historical Perspective

353

(1)

Structure and Geographical Location of the Dairy Industry

354

(6)

Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA)

360

(1)

Genetics and Breeding Programs

360

(4)

Breeds

362

(2)

Reproductive Management in Dairy Cattle

364

(2)

Nutrition in Dairy Cattle

366

(6)

Herd Health Program

372

(2)

Bovine Somatotropin (BST)

374

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Milk to Humans

375

(1)

Trends in the Dairy Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future

375

(7)

Restructuring

375

(3)

Technology

378

(1)

Consumption

379

(2)

Food Safety

381

(1)

Industry Organizations

382

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

383

(1)

Study Questions

384

(1)

References

385

(3)

Poultry

388

(44)

Learning Objectives

388

(1)

Key Terms

388

(1)

Scientific Classification of Poultry

389

(1)

The Place of Poultry in U. S. Agriculture

389

(4)

Purpose of the Poultry Industry in the United States

393

(1)

Historical Perspective

394

(5)

Domestication

394

(1)

Early Use in the United States

395

(1)

Eggs

396

(1)

Genetics

396

(1)

Chicks

397

(1)

Integration

397

(2)

Structure and Geographical Location of the Poultry Industry

399

(7)

The Broiler Industry

399

(2)

The U.S. Egg Industry

401

(2)

The U.S. Turkey Industry

403

(2)

The U.S. Duck, Goose, and Other Poultry Industries

405

(1)

Genetics and Breeding Programs

406

(1)

Breeds, Varieties, and Strains of Poultry

407

(3)

Poultry Breeds

408

(1)

Chicken Breeds in Modern Production

408

(1)

Turkey Breeds

409

(1)

Duck and Goose Breeds

410

(1)

Reproductive Management in Poultry

410

(2)

Breeder Flock Management

410

(1)

Mating Systems

411

(1)

Selection and Care of Eggs

411

(1)

Egg Storage

411

(1)

Incubators

412

(1)

Testing for Fertility

412

(1)

Nutrition in Poultry

412

(1)

Flock Health Management

413

(2)

The National Poultry Improvement Plan

415

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Poultry to Humans

415

(1)

Trends in the Poultry Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future

416

(9)

Turkey Consumption and Production

416

(3)

Broiler Consumption and Production

419

(2)

Egg Consumption

421

(1)

Food Safety Concerns

422

(1)

Integration and Consolidation

423

(1)

Technological Innovation and Standardization

423

(1)

Waste Disposal

424

(1)

Biotechnology

424

(1)

Animal Welfare

424

(1)

Industry Organizations

425

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

427

(1)

Study Questions

428

(1)

References

429

(3)

Swine

432

(37)

Learning Objectives

432

(1)

Key Terms

432

(1)

Scientific Classification of Swine

433

(1)

The Place of the Swine Industry in U. S. Agriculture

433

(1)

Purpose of the Swine Industry in the United States

434

(1)

Historical Perspective

435

(2)

Structure of the Swine Industry

437

(4)

Geographical Location of Swine in the United States

441

(2)

Genetics and Breeding Programs

443

(6)

Breeds

443

(2)

Swine Breeding Programs

445

(4)

Reproductive Management in Swine

449

(3)

Gilts

449

(1)

Sows

450

(1)

Estrus Detection

450

(1)

Farrowing Management

450

(1)

Boars

450

(1)

Artificial Insemination in Swine

450

(1)

Recordkeeping

451

(1)

Nutrition in Swine

452

(3)

Feeding Practices

453

(2)

Herd Health Management

455

(2)

Biosecurity

455

(1)

Specific Pathogen-Free Hogs

456

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Pork to Humans

457

(1)

Trends in the Swine Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future

457

(7)

Pork Consumption

457

(3)

Nutrition and Health Consciousness

460

(1)

Convenient Foods

460

(1)

Food Safety Concerns

460

(1)

Last Stages of Restructuring-Consolidation

461

(1)

Technological Innovation and Standardization

461

(1)

Waste Disposal

462

(1)

Biotechnology

463

(1)

Foreign Competition

464

(1)

Industry Organizations

464

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

465

(1)

Study Questions

466

(2)

References

468

(1)

Sheep and Goats

469

(44)

Learning Objectives

469

(1)

Key Terms

469

(1)

Scientific Classification of Sheep and Goats

470

(1)

The Place of the Sheep and Goat Industries in U.S. Agriculture

470

(2)

Purpose of the Sheep and Goat Industries in the United States

472

(2)

Historical Perspective

474

(2)

Structure of the Sheep and Goat Industries

476

(3)

Sheep

476

(3)

Goats

479

(1)

Dairy Sheep

479

(2)

Geographical Location of Sheep and Goats in the United States

481

(3)

Sheep

481

(1)

Goats

481

(3)

Selection and Breeding Programs

484

(4)

Sheep

484

(2)

Goats

486

(2)

Breeds

488

(5)

Sheep

488

(4)

Goats

492

(1)

Reproductive Management

493

(2)

Sheep

493

(2)

Goats

495

(1)

Nutrition

495

(2)

Sheep

495

(1)

Goats

496

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Lamb and Goat Meat to Humans

497

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Goat Milk to Humans

498

(7)

Trends in the Sheep and Goat Industries and Factors That Will Influence the Industries in the Future

505

(3)

Consumption

505

(1)

Industry Size and Structure

506

(1)

Environmental Concerns

507

(1)

Technology

507

(1)

Industry Organizations

508

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

508

(2)

Study Questions

510

(1)

References

511

(2)

Horses

513

(44)

Learning Objectives

513

(1)

Key Terms

513

(1)

Scientific Classification of Horses

514

(1)

The Place of Horses in the United States

515

(1)

Purpose of the Horse Industry in the United States

516

(3)

Historical Perspective

519

(1)

Structure and Geographical Location of the Horse Industry

520

(3)

Production Trends

523

(1)

Horse Genetics

523

(9)

Basic Coat Colors

524

(3)

Diluting Genes

527

(1)

Roan

528

(1)

Leopard

529

(1)

Spotting

529

(1)

Flaxen Mane and Tail

530

(1)

Additional Common Markings

530

(1)

Genetic Diseases in Horses

531

(1)

Breeds of Horses

532

(3)

Draft Horses

532

(1)

Imported Light Breeds

532

(1)

Breeds of Horses in the United States That Were Developed Here

533

(1)

Morgan

533

(1)

Standardbred

534

(1)

American Saddlebred Horse

534

(1)

Tennessee Walking Horse

534

(1)

Quarter Horse

534

(1)

Appaloosa

534

(1)

Breed Popularity

534

(1)

Reproductive Management

535

(6)

Nutrition and Feeding of Horses

541

(5)

Trends in the Horse Industry and Factors That Will Influence the Industry in the Future

546

(4)

Education and Research

546

(2)

Competition

548

(1)

New Owners

548

(1)

Safety Concerns

548

(1)

West Nile Virus

549

(1)

Social Issues

549

(1)

Technological Innovation

550

(1)

Industry Organizations

550

(3)

Summary and Conclusion

553

(1)

Study Questions

554

(1)

References

555

(2)

Aquaculture

557

(38)

Learning Objectives

557

(1)

Key Terms

557

(1)

The Place of Aquaculture in U.S. Agriculture

558

(2)

The Purpose of the Aquaculture Industry

560

(1)

Worldwide Importance of Aquaculture

560

(1)

Historical Perspective

561

(2)

The Place of Aquaculture in U. S. Agriculture

563

(7)

Catfish

567

(1)

Trout

568

(1)

Tilapia

568

(1)

Crawfish

569

(1)

Salmon

569

(1)

Mollusks

569

(1)

Ornamental Fish

570

(1)

Types of Aquaculture Systems

570

(1)

Aquaculture Life Cycles

571

(1)

Genetics

571

(1)

Nutrition of Aquatic Species

572

(1)

Nutritional Benefits of Fish to Humans

572

(4)

Trends Affecting Aquaculture

576

(2)

Species

576

(1)

Technology

576

(1)

Structural Changes

576

(1)

Constraints to Expansion

576

(1)

Consumption Patterns

577

(1)

Disease Control

577

(1)

Environmental Concerns

578

(1)

Predator Loss

578

(1)

Culture of Aquatic Species

578

(1)

Farm-Raised Catfish

579

(3)

Production Process

579

(1)

Feeding

579

(1)

Water Quality

579

(1)

Disease Management

579

(1)

Harvest and Marketing

580

(1)

Consumer Demand

581

(1)

Quality Assurance

581

(1)

Freshwater Prawns Pond Production and Grow-Out

582

(5)

Site Selection and Pond Design

582

(1)

Stocking of Juveniles

583

(1)

Feeding

583

(1)

Water Quality Management

584

(1)

Nitrogen Compounds

584

(1)

585

(1)

Diseases

585

(1)

Harvesting

585

(1)

Polyculture and Intercropping

586

(1)

Processing and Marketing

586

(1)

Reproduction of Angelfish (Pterophyllum Scalare)

587

(4)

Water Quality

587

(1)

Nutrition

588

(1)

Spawning

588

(2)

Diseases

590

(1)

Conclusions

591

(1)

Sources of Information

591

(1)

Regional Aquaculture Centers

591

(1)

Study Questions

592

(1)

References

593

(2)

Pet and Companion Animals

595

(39)

Learning Objectives

595

(1)

Key Terms

595

(1)

The Place of Pet and Companion Species in the United States

595

(3)

Purpose of the Pet and Companion Animals Industry

598

(8)

Pets and Companion Animals Defined

598

(6)

Value of Pets

604

(2)

Historical Perspective

606

(3)

Geographical Location

609

(2)

Genetics and Breeding Programs

611

(2)

Breeds of Dogs

613

(2)

Breeds of Cats

615

(2)

Breeds of Other Pet Species

617

(1)

Reproductive Management

617

(2)

Nutrition of the Pet Species

619

(6)

Product Name

621

(2)

Net Quantity Statement

623

(1)

Nutritional Adequacy Statement

623

(1)

Feeding Directions

624

(1)

Calorie Statement

624

(1)

Other Label Claims

624

(1)

Trends in the Pet Industry

625

(4)

Pet Population

625

(2)

Registered Animals

627

(1)

Pet Foods

627

(2)

Nutrition

629

(1)

Veterinary Expenditures

629

(1)

Industry Organizations

629

(2)

Summary and Conclusion

631

(1)

Study Questions

632

(1)

References

633

(1)

Lamoids

634

(25)

Learning Objectives

634

(1)

Key Terms

634

(1)

Scientific Classification of Lamoids

634

(2)

The Place of Lamoids in the United States

636

(1)

The Purpose of the Llama and Alpaca Industries

637

(2)

History of the Llama in the United States

639

(1)

Geographic Distribution

639

(1)

Physical Description

640

(1)

Camelidae

640

(1)

Lamoids

641

(1)

Genetics and Breeds

641

(1)

Health Care

642

(1)

Reproduction

643

(3)

Rearing the Cria

645

(1)

Nutrition and Feed Use

646

(6)

Lamoid Feeding

648

(4)

Behavior

652

(2)

Trends and Challenges to the Llama Industry

654

(1)

Research Needs

654

(1)

Educational Needs

654

(1)

Health Care

654

(1)

Standard of Perfection

655

(1)

Llama Organizations

655

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

655

(1)

Study Questions

656

(1)

References

657

(2)

Rabbits

659

(20)

Learning Objectives

659

(1)

Key Terms

659

(1)

Scientific Classification of the Rabbit

659

(1)

The Place and Purpose of Rabbits in the United States

660

(3)

Historical Perspective

663

(1)

Geographical Location of the Rabbit Industry in the United States

663

(1)

The Structure of the Rabbit Industry

664

(1)

The Rabbit Fancy

664

(1)

Commercial Meat Production

664

(1)

Laboratory Specimen Production

664

(1)

Breeding Stock Production

665

(1)

Angora Production

665

(1)

Equipment and Supplies

665

(1)

Breeds and Genetics

665

(1)

Reproductive Management

666

(3)

Nutrition

669

(1)

Health Program

670

(1)

Nutritional Value of Rabbit Meat to Humans

671

(1)

Trends and Factors in Rabbit Production

672

(2)

Advantages of Commercial Rabbit Production

672

(1)

Disadvantages of Commercial Rabbit Production

672

(1)

Income

672

(1)

Management

672

(2)

Industry Organizations

674

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

675

(2)

Study Questions

677

(1)

References

677

(2)

PART FOUR ANIMALS AND SOCIETY

679

(100)

Careers and Career Preparation in the Animal Sciences

681

(18)

Learning Objectives

681

(1)

Key Terms

681

(1)

Introduction

681

(2)

Animal Science Studies and Careers

683

(10)

Production

685

(1)

Science and Medicine

686

(2)

Foods

688

(1)

Agribusiness

689

(1)

Communication and Education

690

(1)

Animal Caretakers

691

(1)

International Opportunities

691

(2)

A Job, a Career, a Lifetime: What are You Deciding When You Choose a Career and a Major?

693

(2)

Sources of Information

695

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

696

(1)

Study Questions

697

(1)

References

698

(1)

Animals as Consumers of Grain: Asset or Liability?

699

(11)

Learning Objectives

699

(1)

Key Terms

699

(1)

Introduction

699

(2)

The ``No Animal'' Argument

701

(1)

The Argument Favoring Animal Grain Consumption

701

(6)

Judicious Use of Grain to Animals

701

(2)

Food versus Feed

703

(1)

Nutrition

703

(1)

Productive Ability of Land

704

(1)

Consumer Preferences

705

(1)

Other Products

706

(1)

Animals and Soil Fertility

707

(1)

Power

707

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

707

(1)

Study Questions

708

(1)

References

708

(2)

Food Safety and Consumer Concerns

710

(27)

Learning Objectives

710

(1)

Key Terms

710

(1)

Introduction

711

(1)

History of Food Safety as a Public Issue

711

(2)

Importance of Food Safety to Consumers

713

(3)

Preventing Foodborne Illnesses

716

(1)

Some Important Microbial Pathogens Associated with Foodborne Illness

717

(4)

Bacteria

718

(2)

Parasitic Protozoa

720

(1)

Viruses

721

(1)

Governmental Agencies and Food Safety

721

(7)

The Role of the FDA

722

(1)

The Role of FSIS

722

(2)

Responsibilities of the Federal Agencies

724

(1)

Changes in FSIS

724

(2)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

726

(1)

The Seven HACCP Principles

726

(1)

Additional Changes at FSIS and Other Food Safety Initiatives

727

(1)

The Bioterrorism Act of 2002

727

(1)

Ensuring Safety of the Milk Supply

728

(1)

Other Issues of Concern to Consumers

729

(4)

Bovine Somatotropin

729

(1)

Hormones

730

(1)

Antibiotics

730

(1)

Food Irradiation

731

(1)

Mad Cow Disease

732

(1)

Genetically Engineered Products

733

(1)

Sources of Information

733

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

734

(1)

Study Questions

735

(1)

References

735

(2)

Animal Welfare and Animal Rights

737

(21)

Learning Objectives

737

(1)

Key Terms

737

(1)

Introduction

737

(5)

Animal Rights Versus Animal Welfare

742

(4)

Philosophy, History, and Legislation

746

(1)

Animal Welfare/Animal Rights Groups

746

(3)

Animal Rights Issues Present and Future

749

(5)

Defining and Measuring Animal Welfare

749

(5)

Sources of Information

754

(1)

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Introduction to Animal Science : Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives

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