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Groups Theory and Experience

by: Napier, Rodney W.; Gershenfeld, Matti K.

Groups Theory and Experience

by: Napier, Rodney W.; Gershenfeld, Matti K.

ISBN 13:
9780618270446
ISBN 10:
0618270442
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/01/2003
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

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Summary

The new edition of Groups reflects the author's unique combination of academic expertise and group consultant experience by including the latest research on group dynamics and the most current views on ways to make working in groups more effective. Napier and Gershenfeld present complex concepts in a way that makes them more understandable, recognizing that students are more familiar with the dynamics of individual behavior and building on that knowledge to teach group theory.

Preface

1 Perception and Communication

(60)

Selective Perception and the Individual

(5)

Individual Insecurity

(1)

Life Positions

(1)

Perception and Development

(1)

Selective Perception and Culture

(4)

Unconscious Factors

(2)

The Halo Effect

(1)

Selective Perception and Group Behavior

(8)

The Influence of Stereotypes

(5)

Gestalt Theory

(2)

Selective Perception and Communication

(11)

The Nature of Communication

(2)

Language Equals Words; Communication Equals People

(2)

Communication: The Gender Difference

(3)

Reward-Seeking Behavior and Communication Patterns

(1)

Factors That Inhibit Communication in a Group

(4)

Previous Experience of Group Members

(1)

False Assumptions

(3)

Understanding Communication in Groups

(6)

How Tension and Defensiveness Arise in the Communication Process

(2)

Feedback: A Means of Reducing Distortions in the Communication Process

(3)

Poor Communication: The Rule, Not the Exception

(1)

Factors That Influence Group Communication

(11)

Size of Group

(3)

Physical Attractiveness

(1)

Time for Communication

(1)

Crowding and Temperature

(1)

Leadership and Control of Communication

(2)

Physical Environment

(1)

Status and Power

(3)

Group Communication in a Diverse Society

(5)

Reducing Problems of Diversity

(2)

For Further Information

(4)

2 Membership

(36)

Relationship of Groups and Membership

(1)

Types of Memberships

(4)

Formal Membership

(1)

Aspiring Membership

(1)

Marginal Membership

(2)

Membership in the Formal or Informal Organization

(1)

Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Membership

(1)

Why People Join Groups

(4)

The Back Experiments

(1)

Multiple Memberships

(4)

Conflicts of Multiple Membership

(2)

Reference Groups

(5)

The Actual Group

(1)

The Group We Represent

(1)

The Abstracted Group

(1)

The Hangover Group

(1)

The Fantasied Group

(1)

Factors Increasing Attractiveness of Membership

(7)

Prestige

(1)

Group Climate

(1)

Degree of Interaction Among Members

(1)

Size

(1)

Relationship to Other Groups

(1)

Success

(1)

Fear and Stress

(2)

Factors Decreasing Attractiveness of Membership

(2)

Attractiveness of Membership and Group Success

(1)

For Further Information

(3)

3 Norms, Group Pressures, and Deviancy

(58)

The Concept of Group Norms

100

(7)

Norms at the Individual Level

102

(3)

Norms at the Group Level

105

(1)

The Invisibility of Group Norms

106

(1)

How Group Norms Develop

107

(5)

A Sociologist's View

108

(1)

A Behavioral Interpretation

109

(1)

Communications Theory

110

(2)

Classification of Norms

112

(2)

Kinds of Norms

114

(2)

Written Rules

114

(1)

Explicitly Stated Norms

115

(1)

Nonexplicit, Informal Norms

115

(1)

Norms Beyond Awareness

115

(1)

Forces That Induce Acceptance of Group Norms

116

(11)

Internal Forces Based on Intrapersonal Conflict

117

(4)

Tendencies to Create a Social Reality

121

(4)

External Forces Based on Direct Influence of Others

125

(2)

The Power of Groups

127

(8)

Conformity

128

(2)

Compliance

130

(2)

Obedience

132

(3)

Collusive Behavior: Maintaining the Status Quo of Norms

135

(2)

Accepting Group Norms: Under What Conditions?

137

(3)

Continued Membership Is Desired

137

(1)

Lower Status Is Perceived

138

(1)

Salience of Membership Is Heightened

138

(1)

The Group Is Cohesive

139

(1)

Sanctions Are Expected

139

(1)

Deviance from Norms

140

(4)

Norms as Inhibiting, Preserving, Institutionalizing, and Stagnating Groups

144

(1)

Changing Group Norms

145

(8)

Summary

153

(1)

For Further Information

153

(2)

4 Goals

155

(40)

Power of a Goal

157

(1)

Distinguishing Between Individual Goals and Group Goals

157

(2)

How Are Individual Goals Formed?

159

(2)

How Are Group Goals Formed?

161

(4)

Individuals Have Goals for the Group: Person-Oriented and Group-Oriented Group Goals

161

(2)

Individual Goals Are Converted to Group Goals

163

(2)

Classification of Goals

165

(3)

Operational Versus Nonoperational Goals

167

(1)

Surface and Hidden Agendas

168

(5)

Relationship Between Group Goals and Group Activities

173

(6)

Content of the Goal Affects the Group

174

(1)

Difficulty of the Goal Affects the Group

175

(1)

Type of Goal Affects the Group

175

(3)

Group Goals Themselves Are Inducing Agents

178

(1)

Groups as Tools for Creating Goals

179

(1)

Group Productivity

179

(8)

Cohesiveness of the Group Affects Productivity

180

(3)

Personalities in the Group Affect Productivity

183

(2)

Productivity Affects the Group

185

(2)

Mission, Goals, and Objectives

187

(1)

The Strategic Plan

188

(1)

The Relationship Between Norms and Goals

189

(2)

The Relationship Between Perception and Goals

191

(1)

Changing Group Goals

192

(1)

Group Goals and the Individual Member

193

(1)

For Further Information

194

(1)

5 Leadership

195

(54)

Six Theoretical Views of Leadership

196

(22)

Leadership as Power

197

(5)

Organizational Theory

202

(4)

Styles of Leadership

206

(6)

Situational Theory

212

(3)

An Organizational Example

215

(2)

Vision Theory and Ethical Assessment

217

(1)

Integrating the Six Dimensions of Leadership

218

(19)

Isolating the Factors of Transformational and Transactional Leadership

219

(7)

The Universality of Transformational Leadership

226

(3)

Four Studies Reflecting the Changing Nature of Leadership

229

(8)

Consequences of Nontransformational Leadership

237

(2)

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership

239

(5)

Summary

244

(1)

For Further Information

245

(4)

6 A Systems View of Small Group Behavior

249

(41)

General Systems Theory and Behavior in Organized Settings

250

(5)

Developing a Systems Perspective

252

(1)

Applying "Systemthink"

252

(2)

The Complex Consequences of System Change

254

(1)

The Family as a Small-Group System

255

(6)

The Ultimate Small Group

256

(1)

Natural Cycles and Blocks to Development in Families

257

(1)

Expanding the Family Unit

257

(1)

Further Disruption

258

(1)

The Development of a Healthy Family System

259

(2)

The Invisible Group and Its Life Space

261

(2)

Background of Organizational Culture as a Concept

263

(5)

Definition of Organizational Culture

264

(4)

The Vocabulary of General Systems Theory

268

(12)

The Case of "No Way, New way"

269

(11)

Complex Systems and Changing Leadership

280

(8)

Complexity Theory and Its Relation to Leadership

281

(2)

The Case for Strategic Design and System Change

283

(5)

Summary

288

(1)

For Further Information

288

(2)

7 Group Problem Solving and Decision Making

290

(60)

Group Decision Making: Disadvantages and Advantages

291

(4)

Dissonance: The Natural Outcome of Decision Making

294

(1)

Constructive Controversy and Conflict

295

(10)

The Continuing Controversy Surrounding Groupthink

296

(6)

Open-Ended Versus Closed-Ended Problems

302

(1)

Rational Versus Intuitive Ways of Thinking

303

(2)

Rational Problem Solving

305

(10)

The Six Stages of Rational Problem Solving

305

(5)

A Model for Rational Problem Solving

310

(5)

The Pareto System

315

(3)

Pareto Analysis

315

(1)

Developing a Pareto Diagram

315

(2)

Advantages and a Disadvantage

317

(1)

Intuitive Problem Solving

318

(15)

Becoming "Unstuck"

319

(1)

Brainstorming

320

(5)

Other Methods of Generating Ideas

325

(4)

Synectics

329

(4)

Who Should Decide-The Leader or the Group?

333

(13)

The Leader's Role

334

(1)

Simple Majority Rule

335

(1)

Two-Thirds Majority Rule

335

(1)

Consensus

336

(1)

Delegated Decisions

337

(1)

Double Vote

338

(1)

Frequently Asked Questions

339

(7)

Summary

346

(2)

For Further Information

348

(2)

8 The Nature of Group Conflict

350

(45)

The Ubiquitous Nature of Conflict

351

(1)

The Very Personal Nature of Conflict

352

(11)

A Historical Perspective

353

(1)

A Dozen Land Mines in a Minefield of Conflict Found in Most Groups

354

(9)

From Individual Sources of Conflict to the Dynamics of Conflict in Groups

363

(9)

Norms: Rules Surrounding Conflict Management and Their Impact on Group Life

363

(4)

Membership: How Conflict Can Gain or Lose Participant Membership

367

(1)

Goals: Addressing Individual and Group Goals Can Reframe the Conflict-Membership Relationship

368

(2)

Leadership: Conflict Aversion and Seduction of the Leader

370

(2)

Diagnosis: The First and Most Critical Step in Conflict Resolution

372

(5)

Fear and Conformity in the Trenches-The Consequences of Unresolved Conflict

373

(4)

What to Do with Conflict: Creating a Design

377

(14)

Turning a Liability into an Asset

379

(6)

Utilizing a Structured Design to Reduce Conflict in a Group

385

(6)

Summary Considerations for Managing Conflict in a Group Setting

391

(1)

For Further Information

392

(3)

9 The Evolution of Groups

395

(34)

The Task and Emotional Aspects of Groups

397

(6)

Implications for Small Groups

399

(1)

Individual Development

400

(3)

The Stages of Group Development

403

(8)

The Beginning

404

(1)

Movement Toward Confrontation

405

(1)

Compromise and Harmony

406

(1)

Reassessment

407

(1)

Resolution and Recycling

408

(1)

Termination (Adjournment)

409

(2)

Linear Models of Group Development

411

(2)

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning

411

(1)

The LAIC Model

412

(1)

Cyclical Models of Group Development

413

(6)

Integrative Model of Group Development

413

(2)

FIRO: A Theory of Interpersonal Behavior

415

(1)

Phase Movement of Groups

416

(1)

Worchel Theory of Cyclical Stages of Group Development

417

(2)

The Impact of Technology on Group Development

419

(2)

Adaptive Structural Theory (AST)

419

(1)

Process Loss Model: Input-Process-Output

420

(1)

Facilitating Group Success

421

(5)

Seeking the Ideal

422

(1)

Positive Structured Interventions

423

(2)

Maximizing the Group's Potential

425

(1)

For Further Information

426

(3)

10 From Groups to Teams: The Evolution of Working Teams in Organizational life

429

(45)

Defining a Team

430

(5)

Types of Teams

431

(1)

The Value of Teams

432

(3)

Teamwork: The Key to Survival

435

(3)

The Birth of Modern-Day Teams

438

(5)

Focus on the Problem-Solving Process

439

(1)

Focus on Motivation

439

(1)

The Ultimate Paradox: Leaderless Groups

440

(2)

Total Quality Management Teams

442

(1)

Effective Teamwork in TQM Teams

443

(10)

The Ford Taurus Turnaround

443

(1)

The Federal Express Story: Breaking Dysfunctional Norms

444

(1)

The Right Organizational Environment

445

(1)

The Right Social Environment

446

(1)

The Right Economic Environment

447

(2)

TQM in an Educational Setting

449

(4)

Do Teams Lead to More Profits?

453

(3)

Why Teams Fail: The Mental Health Team

456

(6)

The Saturn Experiment: An Integrated Team Approach to Management

462

(3)

Team Building Across Culture, Space, and Function

465

(7)

Multicultural Teams

465

(4)

Virtual Teams

469

(2)

Cross-Functional Teams

471

(1)

Team Assessment

472

(2)

11 Small-Group Processes: Two Contemporary Applications

474

(40)

PART I SELF-HELP GROUPS

476

(24)

Understanding Self-Help Groups

477

(9)

Definition of Self-Help Groups

478

(1)

History of Self-Help Groups

479

(1)

Types of Self-Help Groups

480

(3)

Origins and Membership of Self-Help Groups

483

(3)

Effectiveness of Self-Help Groups

486

(4)

Alcoholics Anonymous and Substance Abuse Groups

487

(1)

Support Groups Led by Professionals

488

(1)

Overall Benefits

489

(1)

Evolving Self-Help Groups

490

(2)

Process in Self-Help Groups

492

(6)

Self-Help Group Norms

492

(4)

Self-Help Group Goals

496

(1)

A Typical Self-Help Meeting

496

(2)

Stages of Development of Self-Help Groups

498

(2)

PART II PEER COUNSELING

500

(14)

Introduction

500

(1)

Historical Perspectives

501

(3)

College Students as Peer Counselors

502

(1)

Peer Counseling in Elementary and Secondary Schools

502

(2)

What Is Peer Counseling?

504

(2)

The Role of the Paraprofessional

504

(1)

The Role of a Peer Counselor

504

(1)

The "Eight Commandments" of Peer Counseling

505

(1)

Developing a Peer Counseling Program

506

(2)

Training Peer Counselors

508

(2)

Types of Training

508

(1)

Peer Counseling Curriculum

509

(1)

Effectiveness of Peer Counselors

510

(2)

Summary

512

(1)

For Further Information

513

(1)

References

514

(46)

Author/Name Index

560

(4)

Subject Index

564

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Groups Theory and Experience

Groups Theory and Experience

9780618270446

0618270442

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Groups Theory and Experience

Groups Theory and Experience

9780618270446

0618270442

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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