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Groups: Theory and Experience

by: NAPIER

Groups: Theory and Experience

by: NAPIER

ISBN 13:
9780395904176
ISBN 10:
039590417X
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 10/05/1998
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Preface

Perception and Communication

(62)

Selective Perception and the Individual

(5)

Individual Insecurity

(1)

Life Positions

(1)

Perception and Development

(1)

Selective Perception and Culture

(3)

Unconscious Factors

(2)

The Halo Effect

(1)

Selective Perception and Group Behavior

(8)

The Influence of Stereotypes

(5)

Gestalt Theory

(2)

Selective Perception and Communication

(9)

The Nature of Communication

(1)

Language Equals Words; Communication Equals People

(3)

Communication: The Gender Difference

(2)

Reward-Seeking Behavior and Communication Patterns

(1)

Factors That Inhibit Communication in a Group

(4)

Previous Experience of Group Members

(1)

False Assumptions

(3)

Understanding Communication in Groups

(6)

How Tension and Defensiveness Arise in the communication Process

(2)

Feedback: A Means of Reducing Distortions in the Communication Process

(3)

Poor Communication: The Rule, Not the Exception

(1)

Factors That Influence Group Communication

(10)

Size of Group

(3)

Physical Attractiveness

(1)

Time for Communication

(1)

Crowding and Temperature

(1)

Leadership and Control of Communication

(2)

Physical Environment

(1)

Status and Power

(2)

Group Communication in a Diverse Society

(15)

Reducing Problems of Diversity

(12)

Membership

(40)

Relationship of Groups and Membership

(1)

Types of Memberships

(4)

Formal Membership

(1)

Aspiring Membership

(1)

Marginal Membership

(1)

Membership in the Formal or Informal Organization

(1)

Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Membership

(1)

Why People Join Groups

(3)

The Back Experiments

(1)

Multiple Memberships

(4)

Conflicts of Multiple Membership

(2)

Reference Groups

(4)

The Actual Group

(1)

The Group We Represent

(1)

The Abstracted Group

(1)

The Hangover Group

(1)

The Fantasied Group

(1)

Factors Increasing Attractiveness of Membership

(7)

Prestige

(1)

Group Climate

(1)

Degree of Interaction Among Members

(1)

Size

(1)

Relationship to Other Groups

(1)

Success

(1)

Fear and Stress

(2)

Factors Decreasing Attractiveness of Membership

(2)

Attractiveness of Membership and Group Success

(10)

Norms, Group Pressures, and Deviancy

103

(64)

The Concept of Group Norms

106

(6)

Norms at the Individual Level

108

(2)

Norms at the Group Level

110

(1)

The Invisibility of Group Norms

111

(1)

How Group Norms Develop

112

(5)

A Sociologist's View

112

(1)

A Behavioral Interpretation

113

(2)

Communications Theory

115

(2)

Classification of Norms

117

(1)

Kinds of Norms

118

(2)

Written Rules

118

(1)

Explicitly Stated Norms

119

(1)

Nonexplicit, Informal Norms

119

(1)

Norms Beyond Awareness

119

(1)

Forces That Induce Acceptance of Group Norms

120

(10)

Internal Forces Based on Intrapersonal Conflict

121

(4)

Tendencies to Create a Social Reality

125

(3)

External Forces Based on Direct Influence of Others

128

(2)

A Preliminary Theory of Norm Development

130

(3)

The Power of Groups

133

(8)

Conformity

134

(2)

Compliance

136

(2)

Obedience

138

(3)

Collusive Behavior: Maintaining the Status Quo of Norms

141

(2)

Accepting Group Norms: Under What Conditions?

143

(3)

Continued Membership Is Desired

143

(1)

Lower Status Is Perceived

143

(1)

Salience of Membership Is Heightened

144

(1)

The Group Is Cohesive

144

(1)

Sanctions Are Expected

145

(1)

Deviance from Norms

146

(3)

Norms as Inhibiting, Preserving, Institutionalizing, and Stagnating Groups

149

(1)

Changing Group Norms

150

(7)

Multinational Teams and Cultures

157

(10)

Relationships Among People

159

(8)

Goals

167

(48)

Power of a Goal

168

(1)

Distinguishing Between Individual Goals and Group Goals

169

(2)

How are Individual Goals Formed?

171

(1)

How Are Group Goals Formed?

172

(4)

Individuals Have Goals for the Group: Person-Oriented and Group-Oriented Group Goals

172

(2)

Individual Goals Are Converted to Group Goals

174

(2)

Classification of Goals

176

(3)

Operational Versus Nonoperational Goals

177

(2)

Surface and Hidden Agendas

179

(4)

Relationship Between Group Goals and Group Activities

183

(6)

Content of the Goal Affects the Group

184

(1)

Difficulty of the Goal Affects the Group

185

(1)

Type of Goal Affects the Group

186

(2)

Group Goals Themselves Are Inducing Agents

188

(1)

Groups as Tools for Creating Goals

189

(1)

Group Productivity

189

(7)

Cohesiveness of the Group Affects Productivity

190

(2)

Personalities in the Group Affect Productivity

192

(1)

Productivity Affects the Group

193

(3)

Mission, Goals, and Objectives

196

(1)

The Strategic Plan

196

(2)

The Relationship Between Norms and Goals

198

(1)

Changing Group Goals

199

(1)

Group Goals and the Individual Member

200

(15)

Leadership

215

(68)

Six Theoretical Views of Leadership

216

(27)

Leadership as Power

217

(5)

Organizational Theory

222

(4)

Trait Theory

226

(2)

Styles of Leadership

228

(7)

Situational Theory

235

(5)

An Organizational Example

240

(2)

Vision Theory and Ethical Assessment

242

(1)

Functional Leadership

243

(3)

Types of Functional Roles

244

(2)

Integrating the Six Dimensions of Leadership

246

(6)

Isolating the Factors of Transformational and Transactional Leadership

247

(2)

The Universality of Transformational Leadership

249

(3)

What Women Bring to the Workplace

252

(1)

Corporate Culture and Performance

253

(1)

What Transformational Leadership Is Not

254

(2)

Summary

256

(27)

A Systems View of Small Group Behavior

283

(34)

General Systems Theory and Behavior in Organized Settings

284

(5)

Developing a Systems Perspective

285

(1)

Applying ``Systemthink''

286

(2)

The Complex Consequences of System Change

288

(1)

The Family as a Small Group System

289

(6)

The Ultimate Small Group

290

(1)

Natural Cycles and Blocks to Development in Families

291

(1)

Expanding the Family Unit

291

(1)

Further Disruption

292

(1)

The Development of a Healthy Family System

292

(3)

The Invisible Group and Its Life Space

295

(2)

Background of Organizational Culture as a Concept

297

(5)

Definition of Organizational Culture

297

(5)

The Vocabulary of General Systems Theory

302

(11)

The Case of ``No Way, New Way''

302

(11)

Summary

313

(4)

Group Problem Solving and Decision Making

317

(62)

Group Decision Making: Disadvantages and Advantages

318

(4)

Dissonance: The Natural Outcome of Decision Making

321

(1)

Constructive Controversy and Conflict

322

(9)

The Continuing Controversy Surrounding Groupthink

323

(5)

Open-Ended Versus Closed-Ended Problems

328

(1)

Rational Versus Intuitive Ways of Thinking

329

(2)

Rational Problem Solving

331

(9)

The Six Stages of Rational Problem Solving

331

(4)

A Model for Rational Problem Solving

335

(5)

The Pareto System

340

(3)

Pareto Analysis

340

(1)

Developing a Pareto Diagram

341

(1)

Advantages and a Disadvantage

342

(1)

Intuitive Problem Solving

343

(13)

Becoming ``Unstuck''

343

(2)

Brainstorming

345

(4)

Other Methods of Generating Ideas

349

(4)

Synectics

353

(3)

Who Should Decide---The Leader or the Group?

356

(12)

The Leader's Role

356

(1)

Simple Majority Rule

357

(1)

Two-Thirds Majority Rule

358

(1)

Consensus

358

(2)

Delegated Decisions

360

(1)

Double Vote

360

(2)

Frequently Asked Questions

362

(6)

Summary

368

(11)

The Nature of Group Conflict

379

(44)

The Ubiquitous Nature of Conflict

380

(1)

The Very Personal Nature of Conflict

381

(10)

A Historical Perspective

381

(2)

A Dozen Land Mines in a Minefield of Conflict Found in Most Groups

383

(8)

From Individual Sources of Conflict to the Dynamics of Conflict in Groups

391

(8)

Norms: Rules Surrounding Conflict Management and Their Impact of Group Life

391

(4)

Membership: How Conflict Can Gain or Lose Participant Membership

395

(1)

Goals: Addressing Individual and Group Goals Can Reframe the Conflict-Membership Relationship

396

(1)

Leadership: Conflict Aversion and Seduction of the Leader

397

(2)

Diagnosis: The First and Most Critical Step in Conflict Resolution

399

(5)

Fear and Conformity in the Trenches---The Consequences of Unresolved Conflict

400

(4)

What to Do with Conflict: Creating a Design

404

(14)

Turning a Liability into an Asset

406

(6)

Utilizing a Structured Design to Reduce Conflict in a Group

412

(6)

Summary Considerations for Managing Conflict in a Group Setting

418

(5)

The Evolution of Groups

423

(40)

The Task and Emotional Aspects of Groups

425

(4)

Implications for Small Groups

427

(2)

The Stages of Group Development

429

(7)

The Beginning

429

(1)

Movement Toward Confrontation

430

(1)

Compromise and Harmony

431

(1)

Reassessment

432

(1)

Resolution and Recycling

433

(2)

Termination (Adjournment)

435

(1)

Other Views of Group Development

436

(8)

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning

436

(1)

A Task View of Group Development

437

(1)

FIRO: A Theory of Interpersonal Behavior

438

(1)

Phase Movement of Groups

439

(1)

Worchel Theory of Stages of Group Development

440

(1)

Impact of Group Size on Group Development

441

(1)

Integrative Model of Group Development

442

(2)

Facilitating Group Success

444

(19)

Seeking the Ideal

445

(1)

Positive Structured Interventions

446

(1)

Maximizing the Group's Potential

447

(16)

Small Group Processes: Three Contemporary Applications

463

(42)

Self-Help Groups

464

(19)

Definition of Self-Help Groups

465

(1)

History of Self-Help Groups

466

(1)

Types of Self-Help Groups

467

(3)

Origins and Membership of Self-Help Groups

470

(4)

Self-Help Group Norms

474

(4)

Self-Help Group Goals

478

(1)

A Typical Self-Help Meeting

479

(1)

Stages of Development of Self-Help Groups

480

(2)

Evolving Understanding of Self-Help Groups

482

(1)

Total Quality Management (TQM)

483

(12)

History of TQM

483

(1)

Three Components of TQM: Participative Management, Continuous Process Improvement, and Use of Teams

484

(3)

Why Some Quality Circles Succeed and Others Fail

487

(4)

Some Current Examples of TQM

491

(3)

Total Quality Management: The Ultimate Challenge

494

(1)

Focus Groups

495

(3)

The Focus Group Defined

496

(1)

History of Focus Groups

496

(1)

Uses of Focus Groups

497

(1)

Some New Directions for Small Groups

498

(7)

References

505

(36)

Author/Name Index

541

(14)

Subject Index

555

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Groups: Theory and Experience

Groups: Theory and Experience

9780395904176

039590417X

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Groups: Theory and Experience

Groups: Theory and Experience

9780395904176

039590417X

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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