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Ethics : Theory and Contemporary Issues

ISBN: 9780534546328 | 0534546323
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 7/12/2000

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Table of Contents
Prefacevii
History of Ethics Time Linex
PART ONE ETHICAL THEORY1(128)
Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
2(22)
... MORE
Why Study Ethics?
2(1)
What Is Ethics?
3(1)
Ethics and Religion
4(1)
Ethical and Other Types of Evaluation
5(1)
Ethics and Reasons
6(1)
Ethical Reasoning and Arguments
7(2)
Ethical Theory
9(1)
Types of Ethical Theory
10(1)
Can Ethics Be Taught?
11(11)
Readings
Euthyphro
12(4)
Plato
Meno
16(6)
Plato
Review Exercises
22(1)
Selected Bibliography
23(1)
Ethical Relativism
24(11)
What Is Ethical Relativism?
24(1)
Two Forms of Ethical Relativism
25(1)
Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism
25(1)
Are These Reasons Convincing?
26(2)
Further Considerations
28(1)
Moral Realism
29(1)
Moral Pluralism
29(5)
Reading
Trying Out One's New Sword
31(3)
Mary Midgley
Review Exercises
34(1)
Selected Bibliography
35(1)
Egoism
35(13)
Psychological Egoism
36(1)
Ethical Egoism
37(2)
The Moral Point of View
39(1)
Why Be Moral?
40(6)
Reading
Self Love
42(4)
Thomas Hobbes
Review Exercises
46(1)
Selected Bibliography
47(1)
Utilitarianism
48(18)
Historical Background
48(1)
The Principle of Utility
49(3)
Quantity and Quality of Pleasure
52(1)
Evaluating Utilitarianism
53(1)
Act and Rule Utilitarianism
54(1)
``Proof'' of the Theory
55(1)
Contemporary Versions
56(8)
Reading
Utilitarianism
59(5)
John Stuart Mill
Review Exercises
64(1)
Selected Bibliography
65(1)
Kant's Moral Theory
66(22)
Historical Background: Immanuel Kant
66(1)
What Gives an Act Moral Worth?
67(2)
The Categorical Imperative
69(2)
Evaluating Kant's Moral Theory
71(2)
Perfect and Imperfect Duties
73(1)
Variations on Kantian Moral Theory
74(14)
Reading
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
76(10)
Immanuel Kant
Review Exercises
86(1)
Selected Bibliography
87(1)
Naturalism and Virtue Ethics
88(21)
Virtue Ethics
88(3)
Natural Law Theory
91(6)
Readings
The Nicomachean Ethics
97(7)
Aristotle
Second Treatise of Civil Government
104(2)
John Locke
Review Exercises
106(1)
Selected Bibliography
107(2)
Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care
109(20)
An Ethics of Care
109(4)
Feminist Thought
113(2)
Evaluation of Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care
115(12)
Readings
Caring
117(3)
Nel Noddings
The Need for More than Justice
120(7)
Annette Baier
Review Exercises
127(1)
Selected Bibliography
127(2)
PART TWO ETHICAL ISSUES129(340)
Euthanasia
130(33)
Brain Death
130(1)
Meaning and Types of Euthanasia
131(6)
Morality and the Law
137(1)
Making Moral Judgments About Euthanasia
137(4)
Infant Euthanasia
141(19)
Readings
The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia
144(3)
J. Gay-Williams
Active and Passive Euthanasia
147(4)
James Rachels
Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia
151(9)
Carl B. Becker
Review Exercises
160(2)
Selected Bibliography
162(1)
Abortion
163(38)
Stages of Fetal Development
164(1)
Methods of Abortion
164(1)
Abortion and the Law
165(2)
Abortion: The Moral Question
167(1)
Arguments That Do Not Depend on the Fetal-Personhood Issue
167(2)
Arguments That Depend on the Fetal-Personhood Issue
169(29)
Readings
A Defense of Abortion
175(11)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Abortion and the Sexual Agenda: A Case for Prolife Feminism
186(6)
Sidney Callahan
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
192(6)
Justices O'Connor
Kennedy
Souter
Review Exercises
198(1)
Selected Bibliography
199(2)
Sexual Morality and Pornography
201(35)
Conceptual Problems: What Is and Is Not Sexual
202(1)
Relevant Factual Matters
203(1)
Sexual Morality and Ethical Theories
204(3)
Pornography
207(1)
Liberty-Limiting Principles
208(5)
Feminism and Pornography
213(20)
Readings
Sexual Perversion
215(7)
Thomas Nagel
Prejudice and Homosexuality
222(6)
Richard D. Mohr
Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech
228(5)
Catharine MacKinnon
Review Exercises
233(2)
Selected Bibliography
235(1)
Equality and Discrimination
236(33)
Civil Rights Laws: A Brief History
239(1)
Racism and Sexism
240(1)
The Principle of Equality
241(4)
Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment
245(20)
Readings
On Racism and Sexism: Realities and Ideals
251(7)
Richard A. Wasserstorm
Reverse Discrimination as Unjustified
258(3)
Lisa Newton
Affirmative Action and Fairness
261(4)
Robert K. Fullinwider
Review Exercises
265(2)
Selected Bibliography
267(2)
Economic Justice
269(51)
Process or End State Distributive Justice
271(1)
Equal Opportunity
272(1)
Four Political and Economic Theories
273(1)
John Rawls's Theory of Justice
274(4)
International Issues of Economic Justice
278(39)
Readings
Justice as Fairness
284(10)
John Rawls
Distributive Justice
294(9)
Robert Nozick
Famine, Affluence, and Morality
303(8)
Peter Singer
Human Rights, Development, and ``Asian Values''
311(6)
Xiaorong Li
Review Exercises
317(1)
Selected Bibliography
318(2)
Legal Punishment
320(36)
The Nature of Legal Punishment
322(1)
The Deterrence Argument
322(1)
Problematic Aspects
323(1)
The Retributivist Argument
324(1)
Problematic Aspects
325(1)
Punishment and Responsibility
326(1)
The Death Penalty
327(26)
Readings
A World Without Punishment
331(9)
Hugo Adam Bedau
The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense
340(5)
Ernest van den Haag
This Man Has Expired: Witness to an Execution
345(8)
Robert Johnson
Review Exercises
353(2)
Selected Bibliography
355(1)
Environmental Ethics
356(39)
The Environment
357(1)
Value
357(1)
Anthropocentrism
358(3)
Ecocentrism
361(2)
Deep Ecology
363(1)
Ecofeminism
364(1)
Sustainable Development
365(27)
Readings
People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution
368(4)
William F. Baxter
Humans Valuing the Natural Environment
372(10)
Holmes Rolston III
Deep Ecology
382(10)
Bill Devall
George Sessions
Review Exercises
392(1)
Selected Bibliography
393(2)
Animal Rights
395(25)
Sentience
396(1)
Animal Rights
397(2)
Animal Experimentation
399(2)
Endangered Species
401(17)
Readings
All Animals Are Equal
403(8)
Peter Singer
Speciesism and the Idea of Equality
411(7)
Bonnie Steinbock
Review Exercises
418(1)
Selected Bibliography
419(1)
Violence, Terrorism, and War
420(21)
Violence
420(1)
Terrorism
421(1)
Pacifism
422(1)
Just War Theory
423(3)
War Crimes and Universal Human Rights
426(12)
Readings
Violence, Terrorism, and Justice
429(5)
R. G. Frey
Christopher W. Morris
Nonviolence and the Theory of War
434(4)
Michael Walzer
Review Exercises
438(1)
Selected Bibliography
439(2)
Technology and the Professions
441(28)
Science
441(2)
Medicine
443(3)
Engineering
446(1)
Information Systems and Computer Ethics
447(3)
Business
450(14)
Readings
Ethics, Legal Ethics, and the Ethics of Law
455(7)
Susan Wolf
American Nurses' Association Code for Nurses
462(1)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Code of Ethics for Engineers
463(1)
Review Exercises
464(2)
Selected Bibliography
466(3)
APPENDIX How to Write an Ethics Paper469(13)
The Content of the Paper
469(1)
The Paper's Structure
470(2)
Types of Ethics Papers
472(2)
Is It an Ethics Paper?
474(1)
Structuring or Analyzing an Ethical Argument
474(2)
Sample Ethics Papers
476(6)
Index482

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