Rent 9780136073734 | Computer Organization and Architecture : Designing for Performance

Summary Table of Contents

For undergraduates and professionals in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering courses.Learn the fundamentals of processor and computer design from the newest edition of this award winning text.Four-time winner of the best Computer Science and Engineering textbook of the year award from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association, Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance provides a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of computer organization and architecture, covering not just processor... MORE

Web Site for the Book	p. iv
About the Author	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Reader's Guide	p. 1
Outline of the Book	p. 2
A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors	p. 2
Why Study Computer Organization and Architecture	p. 3
Internet and Web Resources	p. 4
Overview	p. 7
Introduction	p. 8
Organization... MORE and Architecture	p. 9
Structure and Function	p. 10
Key Terms and Review Questions	p. 15
Computer Evolution and Performance	p. 16
A Brief History of Computers	p. 17
Designing for Performance	p. 38
The Evolution of the Intel x86 Architecture	p. 44
Embedded Systems and the ARM	p. 46
Performance Assessment	p. 50
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 57
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 59
The Computer System	p. 63
A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection	p. 65
Computer Components	p. 66
Computer Function	p. 68
Interconnection Structures	p. 83
Bus Interconnection	p. 85
PCI	p. 95
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 104
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 104
Appendix 3A Timing Diagrams	p. 108
Cache Memory	p. 110
Computer Memory System Overview	p. 111
Cache Memory Principles	p. 118
Elements of Cache Design	p. 121
Pentium 4 Cache Organization	p. 140
ARM Cache Organization	p. 143
Recommended Reading	p. 145
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 146
Appendix 4A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories	p. 151
Internal Memory Technology	p. 158
Semiconductor Main Memory	p. 159
Error Correction	p. 169
Advanced DRAM Organization	p. 173
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 179
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 180
External Memory	p. 184
Magnetic Disk	p. 185
RAID	p. 194
Optical Memory	p. 203
Magnetic Tape	p. 210
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 212
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 214
Input/Output	p. 217
External Devices	p. 219
I/O Modules	p. 222
Programmed I/O	p. 224
Interrupt-Driven I/O	p. 228
Direct Memory Access	p. 236
I/O Channels and Processors	p. 242
The External Interface: Fire Wire and Infiniband	p. 244
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 253
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 254
Operating System Support	p. 259
Operating System Overview	p. 260
Scheduling	p. 271
Memory Management	p. 277
Pentium Memory Management	p. 288
ARM Memory Management	p. 293
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 298
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 299
The Central Processing Unit	p. 303
Computer Arithmetic	p. 305
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)	p. 306
Integer Representation	p. 307
Integer Arithmetic	p. 312
Floating-Point Representation	p. 327
Floating-Point Arithmetic	p. 334
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 342
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 344
Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions	p. 348
Machine Instruction Characteristics and Functions	p. 348
Types of Operands	p. 356
Intel x86 and ARM Data Types	p. 358
Types of Operations	p. 362
Intel x86 and ARM Operation Types	p. 374
Recommended Reading	p. 384
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 385
Appendix 10A Stacks	p. 390
Appendix 10B Little, Big, and Bi-Endian	p. 396
Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes and Formats	p. 400
Addressing	p. 401
x86 and ARM Addressing Modes	p. 408
Instruction Formats	p. 413
x86 and ARM Instruction Formats	p. 421
Assembly Language	p. 426
Recommended Reading	p. 428
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 428
Processor Structure and Function	p. 432
Processor Organization	p. 433
Register Organization	p. 435
The Instruction Cycle	p. 440
Instruction Pipelining	p. 444
The x86 Processor Family	p. 461
The ARM Processor	p. 469
Recommended Reading	p. 475
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 476
Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs)	p. 480
Instruction Execution Characteristics	p. 482
The Use of a Large Register File	p. 487
Compiler-Based Register Optimization	p. 492
Reduced Instruction Set Architecture	p. 494
RISC Pipelining	p. 500
MIPS R4000	p. 504
SPARC	p. 511
The RISC versus CISC Controversy	p. 517
Recommended Reading	p. 518
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 518
Instruction-Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors	p. 522
Overview	p. 524
Design Issues	p. 528
Pentium 4	p. 538
ARM Cortex-A8	p. 544
Recommended Reading	p. 552
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 554
The Control Unit	p. 559
Control Unit Operation	p. 561
Micro-operations	p. 563
Control of the Processor	p. 569
Hardwired Implementation	p. 581
Recommended Reading	p. 584
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 584
Microprogrammed Control	p. 586
Basic Concepts	p. 587
Microinstruction Sequencing	p. 596
Microinstruction Execution	p. 602
TI 8800	p. 614
Recommended Reading	p. 624
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 625
Parallel Organization	p. 627
Parallel Processing	p. 628
The Use of Multiple Processors	p. 630
Symmetric Multiprocessors	p. 632
Cache Coherence and the MESI Protocol	p. 640
Multithreading and Chip Multiprocessors	p. 646
Clusters	p. 653
Nonuniform Memory Access Computers	p. 660
Vector Computation	p. 664
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 676
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 677
Multicore Computers	p. 684
Hardware Performance Issues	p. 685
Software Performance Issues	p. 690
Multicore Organization	p. 694
Intel x86 Multicore Organization	p. 696
ARM11 MPCore	p. 699
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 704
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 705
Projects for Teaching Computer Organization and Architecture	p. 707
Interactive Simulations	p. 708
Research Projects	p. 708
Simulation Projects	p. 710
Assembly Language Projects	p. 711
Reading/Report Assignments	p. 711
Writing Assignments	p. 712
Test Bank	p. 712
Assembly Language and Related Topics	p. 713
Assembly Language	p. 714
Assemblers	p. 723
Loading and Linking	p. 728
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 735
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems	p. 736
Online Chapters WilliamStalling.com/COA/COA8e.html
Number Systems 19-1
The Decimal System 19-2
The Binary System 19-2
Converting between Binary and Decimal 19-3
Hexadecimal Notation 19-5
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 19-8
Digital Logic 20-1
Boolean Algebra 20-2
Gates 20-4
Combinational Circuits 20-7
Sequential Circuits 20-24
Programmable Logic Devices 20-33
Recommended Reading and Web Site 20-38
Key Terms and Problems 20-39
The IA-64 Architecture 21-1
Motivation 21-3
General Organization 21-4
Predication, Speculation, and Software Pipelining 21-6
IA-64 Instruction Set Architecture 21-23
Itanium Organization 21-28
Recommended Reading and Web Sites 21-31
Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 21-32
Online Appendices William Stallings.com/COA/COA8e.html
Hash Tables
Victim Cache Strategies
Victim Cache
Selective Victim Cache
Interleaved Memory
International Reference Alphabet
Virtual Memory Page Replacement Algorithms
Recursive Procedures
Recursion
Activation Tree Representation
Stack Processing
Recursion and Iteration
Additional Instruction Pipeline Topics
Pipeline Reservation Tables
Reorder Buffers
Scoreboarding
Tomasulo's Algorithm
Linear Tape Open Technology
DDR SDRAM
Glossary	p. 740
References	p. 750
Index	p. 763
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