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| Preface | p. XIII |
| About the Authors | p. XVIII |
| About the Chapter 14 Contributors | p. XIX |
| From Problem Solving to Solution Building | p. 1 |
| Helping as Problem Solving | p. 5 |
| The Stages of Problem Solving | p. 5 |
| A Caveat: The Importance of Trust Development | p. 6 |
| The Medical Model | p. 6 |
| Problem Solving: The Paradigm of the Helping Professions | ... MORE |
| Helping as Solution Building | p. 8 |
| Concerns about the Problem-Solving Paradigm | p. 8 |
| History of Solution Building | p. 11 |
| Solution Building: The Basics | p. 13 |
| A Second Interview with Rosie | p. 13 |
| Solution-Building Interviewing Activities | p. 16 |
| The Stages of Solution Building | p. 17 |
| Describing the Problem | p. 17 |
| Developing Well-Formed Goals | p. 17 |
| Exploring for Exceptions | p. 18 |
| End-of-Session Feedback | p. 18 |
| Evaluating Client Progress | p. 18 |
| The Client as Expert | p. 18 |
| Skills for Not Knowing | p. 20 |
| Basic Interviewing Skills | p. 21 |
| Listening | p. 21 |
| Formulating Questions | p. 22 |
| Getting Details | p. 24 |
| Echoing Clients' Key Words | p. 25 |
| Open Questions | p. 26 |
| Summarizing | p. 21 |
| Paraphrasing | p. 29 |
| Practitioners' Nonverbal Behavior | p. 29 |
| The Use of Silence | p. 30 |
| Noticing Clients' Nonverbal Behavior | p. 31 |
| Self-Disclosing | p. 32 |
| Noticing Process | p. 33 |
| Complimenting | p. 34 |
| Affirming Clients' Perceptions | p. 36 |
| Natural Empathy | p. 39 |
| Normalizing | p. 42 |
| Returning the Focus to the Client | p. 43 |
| Noticing Hints of Possibility | p. 45 |
| Exploring Client Meanings | p. 46 |
| Relationship Questions | p. 47 |
| Amplifying Solution Talk | p. 48 |
| Leading from One Step Behind | p. 50 |
| Getting Started: How to Pay Attention to What the Client Wants | p. 52 |
| When You First Meet Your Client | p. 52 |
| Names and Small Talk | p. 52 |
| Clarifying How You Work | p. 54 |
| Problem Description | p. 55 |
| Asking for Client Perceptions and Respecting Client Language | p. 55 |
| What Is the Client's Understanding of How the Problem Affects the Client? | p. 56 |
| What Has the Client Tried? | p. 57 |
| What Is Most Important for the Client to Work on First? | p. 58 |
| How to Work with Clients on What They Might Want | p. 58 |
| When Clients Want Something and See Themselves as Part of a Solution | p. 59 |
| A Word of Caution | p. 60 |
| When Clients Say Someone Else Needs to Change | p. 60 |
| When Clients Seem Uninterested or Resistant to Changing | p. 63 |
| What if Clients Want What Is Not Good for Them? | p. 70 |
| What if Clients Do Not Want Anything at All? | p. 71 |
| Influencing Client Cooperation and Motivation | p. 71 |
| How to Amplify What Clients Want: The Miracle Question | p. 75 |
| Characteristics of Well-Formed Goals | p. 77 |
| Importance to the Client | p. 77 |
| Interactional Terms | p. 78 |
| Situational Features | p. 78 |
| The Presence of Some Desirable Behaviors Rather than the Absence of Problems | p. 79 |
| A Beginning Step Rather than the Final Result | p. 80 |
| Clients' Recognition of a Role for Themselves | p. 81 |
| Concrete, Behavioral, Measurable Terms | p. 82 |
| Realistic Terms | p. 82 |
| A Challenge to the Client | p. 82 |
| Conclusion | p. 83 |
| The Miracle Question | p. 83 |
| Ah Yan's Miracle Picture | p. 85 |
| The Williams Family | p. 89 |
| The Art of Interviewing for Well-Formed Goals | p. 100 |
| Avoiding Premature Closure | p. 101 |
| Exploring for Exceptions: Building on Client Strengths and Successes | p. 102 |
| Exceptions | p. 102 |
| Definition | p. 102 |
| Interviewing for Exceptions | p. 103 |
| Ah Yan's Exceptions | p. 104 |
| Client Successes and Strengths | p. 105 |
| Respecting the Client's Words and Frame of Reference | p. 106 |
| Scaling Questions | p. 106 |
| Presession-Change Scaling | p. 107 |
| Scaling Motivation and Confidence | p. 108 |
| Exceptions: The Williams Family | p. 110 |
| Building toward a Difference that Makes a Difference | p. 113 |
| Formulating Feedback for Clients | p. 114 |
| Taking a Thinking Break | p. 115 |
| The Structure of Feedback | p. 115 |
| Compliments | p. 116 |
| The Bridge | p. 116 |
| Suggestions | p. 117 |
| Deciding on a Suggestion | p. 117 |
| Does the Client Want Something? | p. 117 |
| Are There Well-Formed Goals? | p. 118 |
| Are There Exceptions? | p. 119 |
| Feedback for Ah Yan | p. 119 |
| Feedback for the Williams Family | p. 121 |
| Feedback Guidelines | p. 125 |
| Common Messages | p. 126 |
| When Clients Do Not Perceive a Problem and Do Not Want Anything | p. 126 |
| When Clients Perceive a Problem But Not a Role for Themselves in a Solution | p. 127 |
| When Clients Want Something and See Themselves as Part of a Solution | p. 130 |
| Other Useful Messages | p. 133 |
| The Overcoming-the-Urge Suggestion | p. 134 |
| Addressing Competing Views of the Solution | p. 134 |
| Decisions about the Next Session | p. 136 |
| Cribsheets, Protocols, and Notetaking | p. 137 |
| Later Sessions: Finding, Amplifying, and Measuring Client Progress | p. 139 |
| "What's better?" | p. 140 |
| Ears | p. 141 |
| Ah Yan | p. 142 |
| Doing More of the Same | p. 148 |
| Scaling | p. 148 |
| Scaling Progress | p. 149 |
| Scaling Confidence | p. 149 |
| Next Steps | p. 150 |
| Termination | p. 153 |
| The Break | p. 155 |
| Feedback | p. 156 |
| Compliments | p. 156 |
| Bridge | p. 157 |
| Suggestion | p. 157 |
| The Second Session with the Williams Family | p. 157 |
| "What's Better?" | p. 158 |
| Break | p. 164 |
| Feedback | p. 165 |
| Bridge | p. 167 |
| Suggestion | p. 167 |
| Setbacks, Relapses, and Times when Nothing Is Better | p. 168 |
| Conclusion | p. 169 |
| Interviewing Clients in Involuntary Situations: Children, Dyads, and the Mandated | p. 170 |
| Taking a Solution Focus | p. 172 |
| Key Ideas for Solution Building with Clients in Involuntary Situations | p. 172 |
| Begin by Assuming the Client Probably Does Not Want Anything from You | p. 173 |
| Responding to Anger and Negativity | p. 173 |
| Listen for Who and What Are Important | p. 174 |
| Use Relationship Questions to Address Context | p. 174 |
| Incorporating Nonnegotiable Requirements | p. 175 |
| Giving Control to Clients | p. 175 |
| Guidelines, Useful Questions, and a Protocol for Interviewing Involuntary Clients | p. 176 |
| Building Solutions with Children | p. 176 |
| Children as Involuntary Participants | p. 177 |
| Getting Prepared to Meet a Child | p. 177 |
| Getting Started with Positives | p. 178 |
| Enlisting Adults as Allies | p. 179 |
| Getting the Child's Perceptions | p. 180 |
| Other Tips for Interviewing Children | p. 184 |
| Interviewing Dyads | p. 188 |
| Focus on the Relationship | p. 189 |
| Getting Started | p. 189 |
| Work toward a Common Goal | p. 192 |
| Other Tips | p. 199 |
| Conclusion | p. 201 |
| Working with Those Mandated into Services | p. 201 |
| Getting Started | p. 202 |
| Getting More Details about the Client's Understandings and What the Client Wants | p. 205 |
| Asking about Context with Relationship Questions | p. 206 |
| Coconstructing Competence | p. 208 |
| Back on Familiar Ground | p. 210 |
| What about Making Recommendations that the Client Opposes? | p. 210 |
| Final Word | p. 212 |
| Interviewing in Crisis Situations | p. 213 |
| Solution Focus versus Problem Focus | p. 214 |
| Getting Started: "How Can I Help?" | p. 215 |
| "What Have You Tried?" | p. 216 |
| "What Do You Want to Have Different?" | p. 217 |
| Asking the Miracle Question | p. 219 |
| Coping Questions | p. 220 |
| The Case of Jermaine | p. 220 |
| Coping Exploration | p. 221 |
| Connecting with the Larger Picture | p. 223 |
| Using Coping Questions with Clients Who Talk Suicide | p. 223 |
| Scaling Questions | p. 226 |
| Scaling Current Coping Ability | p. 227 |
| Scaling Presession Coping Changes | p. 228 |
| Scaling the Next Step | p. 228 |
| Scaling Motivation and Confidence | p. 228 |
| Feedback: Doing More of What Helps | p. 229 |
| Gathering Problem-Assessment Information | p. 230 |
| When the Client Remains Overwhelmed | p. 232 |
| Conclusion | p. 233 |
| Outcomes | p. 235 |
| Early Research at Brief Family Therapy Center | p. 236 |
| 1992-1993 Study Design Participants | p. 236 |
| Outcome Measurement | p. 237 |
| Results | p. 237 |
| Length of Services | p. 237 |
| Intermediate Outcomes | p. 238 |
| Final Outcomes | p. 238 |
| Comparative Data | p. 239 |
| Other Studies of Solution-Focused Therapy | p. 240 |
| Next Steps | p. 242 |
| Professional Values and Human Diversity | p. 244 |
| Solution Building and Professional Values | p. 245 |
| Respecting Human Dignity | p. 245 |
| Individualizing Service | p. 247 |
| Fostering Client Vision | p. 247 |
| Building on Strengths | p. 248 |
| Encouraging Client Participation | p. 248 |
| Maximizing Self-Determination | p. 248 |
| Fostering Transferability | p. 249 |
| Maximizing Client Empowerment | p. 250 |
| Protecting Confidentiality | p. 250 |
| Promoting Normalization | p. 251 |
| Monitoring Change | p. 252 |
| Conclusion | p. 252 |
| Diversity-Competent Practice | p. 252 |
| Outcome Data on Diversity | p. 254 |
| Diversity and Satisfaction with Services | p. 257 |
| Agency, Group, and Community Practice | p. 259 |
| Solution Building and Agency Practice | p. 259 |
| Case Documentation in Problem-Focused Settings | p. 259 |
| Case Documentation in More Solution-Focused Settings | p. 262 |
| Case Conferences in Problem-Focused Settings | p. 264 |
| Case Conferences in More Solution-Focused Settings | p. 266 |
| Solution-Building Supervision | p. 268 |
| Relationships with Colleagues in Problem-Focused Settings | p. 271 |
| Relationships with Colleagues in Solution-Focused Settings | p. 272 |
| Relationships with Collaterals | p. 272 |
| Group and Organizational Practice | p. 274 |
| Group Practice | p. 274 |
| Organizational Practice | p. 275 |
| Applications | p. 277 |
| Introduction | p. 277 |
| Family Solutions: From "Problem Families to Families Finding Solutions" | p. 279 |
| The Need for Something Different | p. 279 |
| How We Did It | p. 280 |
| Techniques Employed | p. 280 |
| Differences Made | p. 281 |
| Case Examples | p. 281 |
| Katy McKeith | p. 281 |
| Colin James | p. 283 |
| Outcomes | p. 284 |
| Feedback from Families | p. 285 |
| Conclusion | p. 285 |
| The Woww Program | p. 286 |
| The Program | p. 288 |
| Observation and Complimenting by a Coach | p. 288 |
| Creating Classroom Goals | p. 289 |
| Scaling Classroom Success | p. 290 |
| Coaching | p. 291 |
| Outcomes | p. 291 |
| Conclusion | p. 293 |
| Solutions for Bullying in Primary Schools | p. 293 |
| The Support Group Approach to Bullying | p. 294 |
| Case Example | p. 296 |
| Making a Difference | p. 300 |
| Evaluation | p. 301 |
| Conclusion | p. 302 |
| Implementation of Solution-Focused Skills in a Hawai'i Prison | p. 302 |
| Program Description | p. 302 |
| Restorative Circle | p. 303 |
| Inmate Training in SF Skills | p. 304 |
| Case Example: Restorative Circle | p. 306 |
| Evaluation | p. 307 |
| Satisfaction with Restorative Circles | p. 307 |
| Satisfaction with Inmate Training | p. 308 |
| Conclusion | p. 308 |
| It's a Matter of Choice | p. 309 |
| The Problem Drinking Treatment Program | p. 309 |
| Techniques from SFBT | p. 310 |
| A Case | p. 310 |
| Follow-Up | p. 312 |
| Conclusion | p. 312 |
| The Plumas Project: Solution-Focused Treatment of Domestic Violence Offenders | p. 313 |
| History | p. 313 |
| Shifting to a Solution Focus | p. 313 |
| Our Program | p. 314 |
| Assessment Interview | p. 314 |
| p. 315 | |
| p. 317 | |
| Assignments | p. 319 |
| Program Outcomes | p. 320 |
| Recidivism Rates | p. 320 |
| Partners' Comments | p. 320 |
| Group Members' Comments | p. 320 |
| Impact On Practitioners | p. 322 |
| Impact on Our Agency | p. 323 |
| Conclusion | p. 323 |
| Transforming Agency Practice through Solution-Focused Supervision | p. 324 |
| Why Change was Necessary | p. 324 |
| How I Introduced Solution-Focused Practices | p. 325 |
| Therapists' Views | p. 330 |
| Further Developments | p. 331 |
| Differences We have Noticed | p. 331 |
| Youthcare Drenthe | p. 333 |
| Becoming a Solution-Focused Organization | p. 333 |
| Adopting a Paradigm Change | p. 333 |
| Swarm Phenomenon | p. 334 |
| My Vision for the Miracle Organization | p. 334 |
| Making the Vision Happen | p. 336 |
| Role of the Director | p. 337 |
| Conclusion | p. 339 |
| Theoretical Implications | p. 340 |
| Shifts in Client Perceptions and Definitions | p. 341 |
| Social Constructionism | p. 343 |
| Shifting Paradigms | p. 345 |
| Outcome Data | p. 345 |
| Shifting Perceptions and Definitions as a Client Strength | p. 348 |
| Solution-Building Tools | p. 351 |
| References | p. 378 |
| Index | p. 388 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |