Rent 9780131118522 | Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (College Version)

Summary Table of Contents

For Introduction to Forensic Science courses offered by Forensic Science or Criminal Justice programs.Written by a renowned authority on forensic science, this text introduces the non-scientific student to the field of forensic science through an exploration of its applications to criminal investigations, and clear explanations of the techniques, abilities and limitations of the modern crime laboratory.

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Preface	p. xiii
About the Author	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Definition and Scope of Forensic Science	p. 1
History and Development of Forensic Science	p. 2
The Organization of a Crime Laboratory	p. 7
Services of the Crime Laboratory	p. 9
The Functions of the Forensic Scientist	p. 12
Other Forensic Science Services	p. 18
Review Questions	p. 23
Further References	p. 25
Case Reading	p. 26
The Crime Scene	p. 34
Processing the Crime Scene	p. 34
Legal Considerations at the Crime Scene	p. 50
Review Questions	p. 52
Further References	p. 53
Case Reading	p. 54
Physical Evidence	p. 62
Common Types of Physical Evidence	p. 62
The Significance of Physical Evidence	p. 63
Review Questions	p. 74
Further References	p. 75
Case Reading	p. 75
Physical Properties: Glass and Soil	p. 89
The Metric System	p. 90
Physical Properties	p. 92
Comparing Glass Fragments	p. 99
Glass Fractures	p. 106
Collection and Preservation of Glass Evidence	p. 109
Forensic Characteristics of Soil	p. 111
Collection and Preservation of Soil Evidence	p. 114
Review Questions	p. 116
Further References	p. 117
Organic Analysis	p. 119
Elements and Compounds	p. 119
Selecting an Analytical Technique	p. 123
Chromatography	p. 124
Spectrophotometry	p. 136
Mass Spectrometry	p. 143
Review Questions	p. 147
Further References	p. 148
Inorganic Analysis	p. 150
Evidence in the Assassination of President Kennedy	p. 152
The Emission Spectrum of Elements	p. 154
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer	p. 158
The Origin of Emission and Absorption Spectra	p. 159
Neutron Activation Analysis	p. 162
X-Ray Diffraction	p. 165
Review Questions	p. 167
Further References	p. 168
The Microscope	p. 169
The Compound Microscope	p. 170
The Comparison Microscope	p. 174
The Stereoscopic Microscope	p. 175
The Polarizing Microscope	p. 176
The Microspectrophotometer	p. 178
The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)	p. 179
Review Questions	p. 184
Further References	p. 185
Case Reading	p. 186
Hairs, Fibers, and Paint	p. 194
Morphology of Hair	p. 194
Identification and Comparison of Hair	p. 198
Collection and Preservation of Hair Evidence	p. 204
Types of Fibers	p. 205
Identification and Comparison of Man-Made Fibers	p. 210
Collection and Preservation of Fiber Evidence	p. 216
Forensic Examination of Paint	p. 219
Collection and Preservation of Paint Evidence	p. 228
Review Questions	p. 230
Further References	p. 231
Drugs	p. 233
Drug Dependence	p. 234
Narcotic Drugs	p. 237
Hallucinogens	p. 240
Depressants	p. 245
Stimulants	p. 247
Club Drugs	p. 249
Anabolic Steroids	p. 250
Drug-Control Laws	p. 251
Drug Identification	p. 254
Collection and Preservation of Drug Evidence	p. 260
Review Questions	p. 261
Further References	p. 263
Forensic Toxicology	p. 264
Toxicology of Alcohol	p. 265
The Role of the Toxicologist	p. 283
Techniques Used in Toxicology	p. 284
The Significance of Toxicological Findings	p. 288
The Drug Recognition Expert	p. 289
Review Questions	p. 293
Further References	p. 295
Forensic Aspects of Arson and Explosion Investigations	p. 296
The Chemistry of Fire	p. 296
Searching the Fire Scene	p. 303
Collection and Preservation of Arson Evidence	p. 305
Analysis of Flammable Residues	p. 307
Types of Explosives	p. 311
Collection and Analysis of Explosives	p. 316
Review Questions	p. 324
Further References	p. 327
Forensic Serology	p. 328
The Nature of Blood	p. 329
Immunoassay Techniques	p. 333
Forensic Characterization of Bloodstains	p. 336
Stain Patterns of Blood	p. 342
Principles of Heredity	p. 346
Forensic Characterization of Semen	p. 348
Collection of Rape Evidence	p. 352
Review Questions	p. 358
Further References	p. 360
DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool	p. 361
What Is DNA?	p. 361
DNA at Work	p. 364
Replication of DNA	p. 366
Recombinant DNA: Cutting and Splicing DNA	p. 368
DNA Typing	p. 368
Mitochondrial DNA	p. 382
The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)	p. 389
The Collection and Preservation of Biological Evidence for DNA Analysis	p. 390
Review Questions	p. 397
Further References	p. 399
Case Reading	p. 399
Fingerprints	p. 406
History of Fingerprinting	p. 406
Fundamental Principles of Fingerprints	p. 408
Classification of Fingerprints	p. 414
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems	p. 415
Methods of Detecting Fingerprints	p. 417
Preservation of Developed Prints	p. 425
Digital Imaging for Fingerprint Enhancement	p. 426
Review Questions	p. 430
Further References	p. 431
Firearms, Tool Marks, and Other Impressions	p. 432
Bullet Comparisons	p. 432
Cartridge Cases	p. 439
Automated Firearm Search Systems	p. 440
Gunpowder Residues	p. 444
Primer Residues on the Hands	p. 448
Serial Number Restoration	p. 451
Collection and Preservation of Firearm Evidence	p. 452
Tool Marks	p. 454
Other Impressions	p. 457
Review Questions	p. 464
Further References	p. 465
Document and Voice Examination	p. 466
Handwriting Comparisons	p. 467
Collection of Handwriting Exemplars	p. 469
Typescript Comparisons	p. 471
Photocopier, Printer, and Fax Examination	p. 472
Alterations, Erasures, and Obliterations	p. 474
Other Document Problems	p. 478
Voice Examination	p. 480
Review Questions	p. 487
Further References	p. 488
Forensic Science on the Internet	p. 489
What Is the Internet?	p. 490
Where to Go on the Internet	p. 491
Exploring Forensic Science on the WWW	p. 496
Web Sites You May Wish to Explore	p. 497
Review Questions	p. 502
Further References	p. 503
The Future	p. 504
Further References	p. 510
Case Readings	p. 511
Appendices
Guides to the Collection of Physical Evidence--FBI	p. 543
Instructions for Collecting Gunshot Residue (GSR)	p. 558
FBI Policy for Submitting DNA Evidence	p. 560
Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Parameters for Figures Contained within the Text	p. 562
Chemical Formulas for Latent Fingerprint Development	p. 564
Chemical Formulas for Development of Footwear Impressions in Blood	p. 569
Answers	p. 573
Index	p. 579
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

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