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Criminalistics : An Introduction to Forensic Science (6th)

ISBN: 9780135929407 | 0135929407
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall, Incorporated
Pub. Date: 7/1/1997

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SummaryTable of Contents
Revised and up-to-date, the renowned authority on forensic science introduces the non-scientific student to the field of forensic science through an exploration of its applications to criminal investigations while explaining the techniques, abilities and limitations of the modern crime laboratory.
PREFACExiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1(35)
Definition and Scope of Forensic Science
1(2)
... MORE
History and Development of Forensic Science
3(5)
The Organization of a Crime Laboratory
8(2)
Services of the Crime Laboratory
10(4)
The Functions of the Forensic Scientist
14(6)
Other Forensic Science Services
20(4)
Review Questions
24(2)
Further References
26(1)
Case Reading
26(10)
CHAPTER 2 THE CRIME SCENE
36(30)
Processing the Crime Scene
36(17)
Legal Considerations at the Crime Scene
53(2)
Review Questions
55(1)
Further References
56(1)
Case Reading
57(9)
CHAPTER 3 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
66(31)
Common Types of Physical Evidence
66(2)
The Significance of Physical Evidence
68(12)
Review Questions
80(1)
Further References
81(1)
Case Reading
81(16)
CHAPTER 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: GLASS AND SOIL
97(32)
The Metric System
98(2)
Physical Properties
100(9)
Comparing Glass Fragments
109(6)
Glass Fractures
115(4)
Collection and Preservations of Glass Evidence
119(2)
Forensic Characteristics of Soil
121(4)
Collection and Preservation of Soil Evidence
125(1)
Review Questions
126(1)
Further References
126(3)
CHAPTER 5 ORGANIC ANALYSIS
129(35)
Elements and Compounds
129(4)
Selecting an Analytical Technique
133(2)
Chromatography
135(12)
Spectrophotometry
147(8)
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
155(5)
Review Questions
160(2)
Further References
162(2)
CHAPTER 6 INORGANIC ANALYSIS
164(19)
Introduction
164(3)
Evidence in the Assassination of President Kennedy
167(1)
The Emission Spectrum of Elements
168(3)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
171(2)
The Origin of Emission and Absorption Spectra
173(3)
Neutron Activation Analysis
176(3)
X-Ray Diffraction
179(2)
Review Questions
181(1)
Further References
182(1)
CHAPTER 7 THE MICROSCOPE
183(28)
The Compound Microscope
184(4)
The Comparison Microscope
188(2)
The Stereoscopic Microscope
190(1)
The Polarizing Microscope
191(2)
The Microspectrophotometer
193(2)
The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
195(4)
Review Question
199(2)
Further References
201(1)
Case Reading
202(9)
CHAPTER 8 HAIRS, FIBERS, AND PAINT
211(42)
Morphology of Hair
211(4)
Identification and Comparison of Hair
215(6)
Collection of Hair Evidence
221(1)
Types of Fibers
221(7)
Identification and Comparison of Man-Made Fibers
228(10)
Collection of Fiber Evidence
238(1)
Forensic Examination of Paint
239(9)
Collection and Preservation of Paint Evidence
248(1)
Review Question
249(2)
Further References
251(2)
CHAPTER 9 DRUGS
253(36)
Drug Dependence
254(4)
Narcotic Drugs
258(3)
Hallucinogens
261(6)
Depressants
267(2)
Stimulants
269(4)
Anabolic Steroids
273(1)
Drug-Control Laws
273(5)
Drug Identification
278(7)
Collection and Preservation of Drug Evidence
285(1)
Review Questions
285(3)
Further References
288(1)
CHAPTER 10 FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
289(37)
Toxicology of Alcohol
290(21)
The Role of the Toxicologist
311(2)
Techniques Used in Toxicology Findings
313(5)
The Significance of Toxicological Findings
318(1)
The Drug Recognition Expert
319(3)
Review Question
322(3)
Further References
325(1)
CHAPTER 11 FORENSIC ASPECTS OF ARSON AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATIONS
326(35)
The Chemistry of Fire
327(7)
Searching the Fire Scene
334(3)
Collection and Preservation of Arson Evidence
337(2)
Analysis of Flammable Residues
339(4)
Types of Explosives
343(7)
Collection and Analysis of Explosives
350(7)
Review Questions
357(3)
Further References
360(1)
CHAPTER 12 FORENSIC SEROLOGY
361(41)
The Nature of Blood
363(6)
Forensic Characterization of Bloodstains
369(10)
Stain Patterns of Blood
379(2)
Preservation of Blood Evidence
381(5)
Principles of Heredity
386(3)
Forensic Characterization of Semen
389(4)
Collection of Rape Evidence
393(5)
Review Questions
398(2)
Further References
400(2)
CHAPTER 13 DNA: A NEW FORENSIC SCIENCE TOOL
402(35)
What Is DNA?
403(2)
DNA at Work
406(2)
Replication of DNA
408(2)
Recombinant DNA: Cutting and Splicing DNA
410(2)
DNA Typing
412(17)
The Combined DNA Index System
429(52)
Review Questions
481
Further References
433(1)
Case Readings
433(4)
CHAPTER 14 FINGERPRINTS
437(29)
History of Fingerprinting
437(3)
Fundamental Principles of Fingerprints
440(6)
Classification of Fingerprints
446(2)
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems
448(2)
Methods of Detecting Fingerprint
450(8)
Preservation of Developed Prints
458(2)
Digital Imaging for Fingerprint Enhancement
460(3)
Review Questions
463(2)
Further References
465(1)
CHAPTER 15 FIREARMS, TOOL MARKS AND OTHER IMPRESSIONS
466(36)
Bullet Comparisons
467(8)
Cartridge Cases
475(1)
Automated Firearm Search Systems
475(3)
Gunpowder Residues
478(5)
Primer Residues on the Hands
483(3)
Serial Number Restoration
486(1)
Collection and Preservation of Firearm Evidence
487(3)
Tool Marks
490(2)
Other Impressions
492(7)
Review Questions
499(2)
Further References
501(1)
CHAPTER 16 DOCUMENT AND VOICE EXAMINATION
502(25)
Handwriting Comparisons
503(3)
Collection of Handwriting Exemplars
506(2)
Typewriting Comparisons
508(2)
Alterations, Erasures, and Obliterations
510(3)
Other Document Problems
513(5)
Voice Examination
518(7)
Review Questions
525(1)
Further References
526(1)
CHAPTER 17 FORENSIC SCIENCE ON THE INTERNET
527(15)
What Is the Internet?
528(1)
Where to Go on the Internet
529(7)
Exploring Forensic Science on the WWW
536(1)
Web Sites You May Wish to Explore
536(5)
Review Questions
541(1)
Further References
541(1)
CHAPTER 18 THE FUTURE
542(8)
Further References
549(1)
CASE READING550(38)
GLOSSARY588(9)
APPENDICES597(27)
I Guides to the Collection of Physical Evidence598(14)
II Instructions for Collecting Gunshot Residue (GSR)612(2)
III FBI Policy for Submitting DNA Evidence614(1)
IV Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Parameters for Figures Contained Within the Text615(1)
V Chemical Formulas for Latent Fingerprint Development616(5)
VI Chemical Formulas for Development of Footwear Impressions in Blood621(3)
ANSWERS624(5)
INDEX629

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