Rent 9780072520422 | Your UNIX : The Ultimate Guide

Summary Table of Contents

Your UNIX: The Ultimate Guideis both an outstanding pedagogical tool and an exhaustive reference. It is the ideal text for any Unix course. It can also be used for any introductory programming course that includes Unix and for advanced courses such as those on Operating Systems and System Administration. Excellent pedagogy is implemented throughout. Real-world examples make it easier for students to grasp concepts while chapters on advanced material take more experienced students beyond the basics. Over nine hundred exercises and self-test questions allow students to test and reinforce their understanding of material at different levels. This book also features coverage of Linux, where Linux differs from UNIX.

List of Tables

xxix

Preface

xxxii

Introducing UNIX

(22)

The O... MORE

(2)

The UNIX Operating System

(1)

Knowing Your Machine

(1)

The System Administrator

(1)

Logging In and Out

(2)

Logging In

(1)

Logging Out

(1)

A Hands-On Session

(5)

System Information with date and who

(1)

Viewing Processes with ps

(1)

Handling Files

(1)

Handling Directories

(2)

How It All Clicked

(2)

Berkeley: The Second School

(1)

UNIX Gets Fragmented

(1)

The Internet

(1)

The Windows Threat

(1)

POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification

(1)

Linux and GNU

(1)

The UNIX Architecture

(3)

Division of Labor: Kernel and Shell

(1)

The File and Process

(1)

The System Calls

(1)

Features of UNIX

(5)

A Multiuser System

(1)

A Multitasking System Too

(1)

A Repository of Applications

(1)

The Building-Block Approach

(1)

Pattern Matching

(1)

Programming Facility

(1)

Documentation

(1)

Summary

(1)

Self-Test

(1)

Exercises

(1)

Becoming Familiar with UNIX Commands

(30)

Command Basics

(3)

The PATH: Locating Commands

(1)

Where Is the Command?

(1)

Command Structure

(1)

Flexibility of Command Usage

(2)

man: On-Line Help

(2)

Navigation and Search

(1)

Further Help with man -k and man -f

(1)

The man Documentation

(4)

Understanding a man Page

(1)

Using man to Understand man

(2)

echo: Displaying Messages

(2)

printf: Alternative to echo

(1)

script: Recording Your Session

(1)

Using Email with mailx

(3)

Sending Mail

(1)

Receiving Mail

(1)

mailx Internal Commands

(1)

passwd: Changing Your Password

(1)

uname: Your Machine's Name and Operating System

(1)

who: Know the Users

(1)

date: Displaying the System Date

(1)

stty: When Things Go Wrong

(2)

Changing the Settings

(1)

The X Window System

(7)

The Terminal Emulator

(1)

The File Manager

(1)

Summary

(1)

Self-Test

(1)

Exercises

(3)

The File System

(33)

The File

(2)

Ordinary (Regular) File

(1)

Directory File

(1)

Device File

(1)

What's in a (File)name?

(1)

The File System Hierarchy

(1)

The UNIX File System

(1)

Using Absolute Pathnames with Commands

(1)

The HOME Variable and ~: The Home Directory

(1)

pwd and cd: Navigating the File System

(2)

Relative Pathnames (. and . .)

(2)

mkdir: Making Directories

(1)

rmdir: Removing Directories

(1)

ls: Listing Files

(3)

Is Options

(2)

cp: Copying Files

(1)

cp Options

(1)

mv: Renaming Files

(1)

rm: Deleting Files

(2)

rm Options

(2)

cat: Displaying and Concatenating Files

(1)

more: The UNIX Pager

(2)

wc: Counting Lines, Words, and Characters

(1)

lp: Printing a File

(2)

Other Commands in the lp Subsystem

(1)

od: Viewing Nonprintable Characters

(1)

dos2unix and unix2dos: Converting Between DOS and UNIX

(1)

tar: The Archival Program

(1)

gzip: The Compression Program

(2)

zip: The Compression and Archival Program

(1)

Other Ways of Using These Commands

(4)

Summary

(1)

Self-Test

(1)

Exercises

(2)

File Attributes

(29)

Is Revisited (-1): Listing File Attributes

(2)

Listing Directory Attributes (-ld)

(1)

File Permissions

(2)

chmod: Changing File Permissions

(4)

Relative Permissions

(2)

Absolute Assignment

(1)

Recursive Operation (-R)

(1)

The Directory

(2)

Read Permission

(1)

Write Permission

(2)

Execute Permission

(1)

umask: Default File and Directory Permissions

(1)

File Systems and Inodes

(2)

ln: Creating Hard Links

(2)

Where to Use Hard Links

101

(1)

In Again: Creating Symbolic Links

101

(2)

File Ownership

103

(3)

chown: Changing File Ownership

104

(1)

chgrp: Changing Group Owner

105

(1)

How to Handle Intruders

106

(1)

Modification and Access Times

106

(1)

find: Locating Files

107

(8)

Selection Criteria

108

(2)

The find Operators (!, -o, and -a)

110

(1)

Operators of the Action Component

110

(1)

Summary

111

(1)

Self-Test

112

(1)

Exercises

113

(2)

The vi/vim Editor

115

(34)

vi Basics

116

(2)

The File .exrc

117

(1)

A Few Tips First

118

(1)

Input Mode---Entering and Replacing Text

119

(5)

Inserting and Appending Text(i and a)

120

(1)

Inserting and Appending Text at Line Extremes (I and A)

120

(1)

Opening a New Line (o and 0)

121

(1)

Replacing Text(r, s, R, and S)

122

(1)

Entering Control Characters ([Ctrl-v])

123

(1)

Saving Text and Quitting---The ex Mode

124

(3)

Saving Your Work (:w)

124

(1)

Saving and Quitting (:x and :wq)

125

(1)

Aborting Editing (:q)

125

(1)

Writing Selected Lines

126

(1)

Escape to the Shell (:sh and [Ctrl-z])

127

(1)

Recovering from a Crash (:recover and -r)

127

(1)

Navigation

127

(4)

Relative Movement in the Four Directions (h, j, k, and l)

128

(1)

Scrolling ([Ctrl-f], [Ctrl-b], [Ctrl-d], and [Ctrl-u])

129

(1)

Word Navigation (b, e, and w)

129

(1)

Moving to Line Extremes (0, |, and $)

130

(1)

Absolute Movement (G)

130

(1)

Editing Text without Operators

131

(2)

Deleting Text(x, X, and dd)

131

(1)

Moving Text (p)

132

(1)

Joining Lines (J)

132

(1)

Changing Case (~)

133

(1)

Correcting a C Program

133

(1)

Editing Text with Operators

134

(3)

Deleting and Moving Text (d, p, and P)

135

(1)

Yanking Text (y, p, and P)

136

(1)

Changing Text (c)

137

(1)

Copying and Moving Text from One File to Another

137

(1)

Undoing Last Editing Instructions (u and U)

138

(1)

Searching for a Pattern (/ and ?)

139

(1)

Repeating the Last Pattern Search (n and N)

139

(1)

Repeating the Last Command (.)

140

(1)

Substitution---Search and Replace (:s)

141

(1)

set: Customizing vi

142

(2)

Going Further

144

(1)

map: Mapping Keys of Keyboard

144

(1)

abbr: Abbreviating Text Input

145

(4)

Summary

145

(1)

Self-Test

146

(1)

Exercises

147

(2)

The GNU emacs Editor

149

(36)

emacs Basics

150

(3)

The Control and Meta Keys

151

(1)

Entering Commands Directly (M-x)

152

(1)

The File .emacs

152

(1)

A Few Tips First

153

(1)

Inserting and Replacing Text

154

(1)

Entering Control Characters (C-q)

154

(1)

Saving Text and Quitting

155

(2)

Saving Your Work (C-x C-s and C-x C-w)

155

(1)

Quitting the Editor (C-x C-c)

156

(1)

Escape to the Shell (C-x, C-z, and M-x shell)

156

(1)

Recovering from a Crash

157

(1)

Navigation

158

(3)

Movement in the Four Directions (C-b, C-f, C-p, and C-n)

158

(1)

Scrolling (C-v and M-v)

159

(1)

Word Navigation (M-f and M-b)

159

(1)

Moving to Line and File Extremes

160

(1)

Absolute Movement

161

(1)

Working with Regions

161

(1)

Deleting, Moving, and Copying Text

161

(5)

Deleting Text

162

(2)

The Kill Ring

164

(1)

Deleting Text in a Region (C-w)

164

(1)

Moving and Copying Text (C-y)

164

(1)

Copying and Moving Text from One File to Another

165

(1)

Transposing Text (C-t)

165

(1)

Changing Case of Text

166

(1)

Undoing and Redoing Editing

167

(1)

Searching for a Pattern

168

(3)

The Incremental Search (C-s and C-r)

168

(1)

Repeating the Last Incremental Search (C-s and C-r)

168

(1)

Nonincremental Search

169

(2)

Substitution---Search and Replace

171

(1)

Using Multiple Windows and Buffers

171

(4)

Handling Windows

172

(1)

Handling Buffers

173

(2)

Using the Help Facility (C-h)

175

(2)

Accessing Help by Key (C-h k)

176

(1)

Accessing Help by Function Name (C-h f and C-h w)

176

(1)

Viewing the Tutorial and info Documentation (C-h t and C-h i)

177

(1)

Customizing emacs: Setting Variables

177

(2)

Going Further

179

(1)

Recovering Multiple Deletions (M-y)

179

(1)

Abbreviating Text (abbrev-mode)

179

(1)

Customizing the Keyboard

180

(1)

Using Macros

180

(5)

Summary

181

(1)

Self-Test

182

(1)

Exercises

183

(2)

The Shell

185

(31)

The Shell as Command Processor

186

(1)

Shell Offerings

187

(1)

Pattern Matching---The Wild Cards

187

(4)

The * and ?

187

(2)

The Character Class

189

(1)

Matching the Dot

190

(1)

Rounding Up

191

(1)

Escaping and Quoting

191

(3)

Escaping

192

(1)

Quoting

193

(1)

Escaping in echo

194

(1)

Redirection

194

(6)

Standard Input

195

(1)

Standard Output

196

(2)

The File Descriptor

198

(1)

Standard Error

198

(1)

Filters---Using Both Standard Input and Standard Output

199

(1)

Collective Manipulation

200

(1)

Replicating Descriptors

200

(1)

Command Grouping

201

(1)

/dev/null and /dev/tty: Two Special Files

201

(1)

Pipes

202

(2)

When a Command Needs to Be Ignorant of Its Source

204

(1)

tee: Creating a Tee

204

(1)

Command Substitution

205

(1)

Shell Variables

206

(3)

Effects of Quoting and Escaping

208

(1)

Where to Use Shell Variables

208

(1)

Shell Scripts

209

(1)

The Shell's Treatment of the Command Line

210

(1)

Going Further

210

(1)

More Wild Cards

210

(1)

xargs: Building a Dynamic Command Line

211

(5)

Summary

212

(1)

Self-Test

212

(1)

Exercises

213

(3)

The Process

216

(25)

Process Basics

216

(1)

The Shell and init

217

(1)

ps: Displaying Process Attributes

218

(1)

System Processes and init

219

(3)

The Process Creation Mechanism

222

(1)

Inherited Process Attributes

223

(1)

When Variables Are Inherited and When They Are Not

224

(1)

When You Can't Use a Separate Process

224

(1)

Process States and Zombies

225

(1)

ps -1: Detailed Process Listing

226

(1)

Signal Handling

226

(3)

kill: Premature Termination of a Process

227

(2)

Running Jobs in Background

229

(1)

&: No Logging Out

229

(1)

nohup: Log Out Safely

229

(1)

Job Control

230

(3)

Handling Standard Input and Standard Output

232

(1)

at and batch: Execute Later

233

(2)

at: One-Time Execution

233

(1)

batch: Execute in Batch Queue

234

(1)

Restricting Use of at and batch

234

(1)

cron and crontab: Running Jobs Periodically

235

(6)

Controlling Access to cron

237

(1)

Summary

237

(1)

Self-Test

238

(1)

Exercises

239

(2)

The Shell---Customizing the Environment

241

(27)

The Shells

241

(2)

Setting Your Shell

242

(1)

Environment Variables

243

(1)

export: Creating Environment Variables

244

(1)

The Common Environment Variables

244

(4)

Aliases

248

(2)

Command History

250

(3)

Accessing Previous Commands

251

(1)

Substitution in Previous Commands

251

(1)

Using Arguments to Previous Command ($_)

252

(1)

The History Variables

252

(1)

In-Line Command Editing

253

(1)

Tilde Substitution

254

(1)

Using set Options

255

(2)

The Initialization Scripts

257

(2)

The Login Script

257

(1)

The rc File

258

(1)

The C Shell

259

(4)

Local and Environment Variables

259

(2)

Aliases

261

(1)

History

262

(1)

Other Shell Variables

262

(1)

The Initialization Scripts

262

(1)

Going Further

263

(1)

Directory Stack Manipulation

263

(5)

Summary

265

(1)

Self-Test

266

(1)

Exercises

267

(1)

Simple Filters

268

(24)

pr: Paginating Files

269

(1)

pr Options

269

(1)

Comparing Files

270

(1)

cmp: Byte-by-byte Comparison

271

(1)

comm: What Is Common?

272

(1)

diff: Converting One File to Another

273

(1)

head: Displaying the Beginning of a File

274

(1)

tail: Displaying the End of a File

275

(1)

tail Options

275

(1)

cut: Slitting a File Vertically

276

(1)

paste: Pasting Files

277

(1)

sort: Ordering a File

278

(4)

sort Options

279

(3)

uniq: Locate Repeated and Nonrepeated Lines

282

(2)

uniq Options

282

(2)

tr: Translating Characters

284

(2)

tr Options

285

(1)

Applying the Filters

286

(6)

Listing the Five Largest Files in the Current Directory

286

(1)

Creating a Word-Usage List

287

(1)

Finding Out the Difference between Two Password Files

288

(1)

Summary

289

(1)

Self-Test

290

(1)

Exercises

290

(2)

Filters Using Regular Expressions---grep and sed

292

(31)

The Sample Database

293

(1)

grep: Searching for a Pattern

293

(2)

Quoting in grep

294

(1)

When grep Fails

295

(1)

grep Options

295

(3)

Basic Regular Expressions (BRE)---An Introduction

298

(5)

The Character Class

298

(2)

The *

300

(1)

The Dot

301

(1)

Specifying Pattern Locations (^ and $)

301

(1)

When Metacharacters Lose Their Meaning

302

(1)

Extended Regular Expressions (ERE) and egrep

303

(1)

The + and ?

303

(1)

Matching Multiple Patterns (|, ( and ))

304

(1)

sed: The Stream Editor

304

(3)

Line Addressing

306

(1)

sed Options

307

(1)

Context Addressing

308

(1)

Writing Selected Lines to a File (w)

309

(1)

Text Editing

309

(2)

Inserting and Changing Lines (i, a, c)

309

(1)

Deleting Lines (d)

310

(1)

Substitution (s)

311

(2)

Using Regular Expressions in Substitution

312

(1)

The Remembered Pattern (//)

313

(1)

Basic Regular Expressions Revisited

313

(3)

The Repeated Pattern (&)

314

(1)

Interval Regular Expression (IRE)

314

(1)

The Tagged Regular Expression (TRE)

315

(1)

Applying the IRE and TRE

316

(7)

Handling a Telephone Directory

316

(1)

Replacing an Obsolescent Function with a POSIX-Compliant One

317

(1)

Converting Pathnames in URLs

317

(1)

Summary

318

(1)

Self-Test

319

(1)

Exercises

320

(3)

Filtering and Programming with awk

323

(28)

awk Preliminaries

323

(3)

Using print and printf

326

(1)

Redirecting Standard Output

327

(1)

Number Processing

327

(2)

Variables and Expressions

329

(1)

The Comparison and Logical Operators

330

(3)

String and Numeric Comparison

330

(2)

~ and !~: The Regular Expression Operators

332

(1)

The Logical Operators

332

(1)

The -f Option: Storing awk Programs in a File

333

(1)

The BEGIN and END Sections

334

(1)

Positional Parameters

335

(1)

Arrays

336

(2)

Associative (Hash) Arrays

337

(1)

ENVIRON[ ]: The Environment Array

337

(1)

Built-In Variables

338

(2)

Applying the Built-In Variables

339

(1)

Functions

340

(2)

Control Flow---The if Statement

342

(1)

Looping with for

343

(2)

Using for with an Associative Array

344

(1)

Looping with while

345

(1)

Conclusion

346

(5)

Summary

347

(1)

Self-Test

347

(1)

Exercises

348

(3)

Shell Programming

351

(44)

Shell Scripts

352

(1)

script.sh: A Simple Script

352

(1)

The She-Bang Line

353

(1)

read: Making Scripts Interactive

353

(1)

Using Command Line Arguments

354

(2)

exit and $?: Exit Status of a Command

356

(1)

The Logical Operators && and ||---Conditional Execution

357

(1)

The if Conditional

358

(1)

Using test and [ ] to Evaluate Expressions

359

(5)

Numeric Comparison

359

(2)

[ ]: Shorthand for test

361

(1)

String Comparison

361

(1)

File Attribute Tests

362

(1)

Using Compound Conditions

363

(1)

Two Important Programming Idioms

364

(2)

Running a Task Both Interactively and Noninteractively

364

(1)

Calling a Script by Different Names ($0)

365

(1)

The case Conditional

366

(2)

Using Wild Cards and the |

367

(1)

expr and basename: Computation and String Handling

368

(2)

Computation with expr

368

(1)

String Handling with expr

369

(1)

basename: Changing Filename Extensions

370

(1)

Sample Program #1: Automatically Selects Last C Program

370

(2)

for: Looping with a List

372

(1)

Sources of the List

372

(1)

Important Applications Using for

373

(1)

while: Looping

373

(5)

Handling Redirection in a Loop

374

(1)

Using while to Wait for a File

375

(1)

Finding Out Users' Space Consumption

376

(1)

break and continue

377

(1)

Sample Script #2: Providing Numeric Extensions to Backup Files

378

(2)

Manipulating Positional Parameters with set and shift

380

(3)

Killing a Process by Name

381

(1)

shift: Shifting Positional Parameters Left

382

(1)

The IFS Variable: set's Default Delimiter

383

(1)

Sample Script #3: A Table of Contents for Downloaded Files

383

(2)

Going Further

385

(1)

The Here Document (<<)

385

(1)

Shell Functions

386

(2)

trap: How a Script Handles Signals

388

(1)

eval: Evaluating Twice

389

(1)

The exec Statement

389

(6)

Summary

390

(1)

Self-Test

391

(1)

Exercises

392

(3)

Networking Tools

395

(32)

TCP/IP Basics

396

(1)

Hostnames and IP Addresses

396

(1)

Resolving Hostnames and IP Addresses

397

(3)

/etc/hosts: The Hosts File

397

(1)

The Domain Name System (DNS)

398

(2)

Client-Server: How Networked Applications Communicate

400

(1)

ping: Checking the Network

401

(1)

telnet: Remote Login

402

(1)

ftp: File Transfer Protocol

403

(3)

Basic File and Directory Handling

403

(1)

Transferring Files

404

(1)

Anonymous FTP

405

(1)

Cryptography Basics

406

(2)

Symmetric Key Algorithms

407

(1)

Asymmetric Key Algorithms

407

(1)

SSH: The Secure Shell

408

(4)

Host Authentication

408

(1)

The rhosts/shosts Authentication Scheme

409

(1)

User Authentication with Symmetric Algorithms

409

(2)

Using the SSH Agent for Noninteractive Logins

411

(1)

The SSH Tools

412

(2)

Remote Login and Command Execution (ssh and slogin)

412

(1)

File Transfer with sftp and scp

413

(1)

Internet Mail

414

(2)

~/.signature and ~/.forward: Two Important Files

415

(1)

MIME: Handling Binary Attachments in Mail

416

(1)

Using X Window on a TCP/IP Network

417

(2)

The Display

417

(1)

Using the DISPLAY variable

418

(1)

Using the -display Option

418

(1)

HTTP and the World Wide Web

419

(4)

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

419

(1)

HTTP: The Protocol of the Web

420

(1)

Running External Programs

421

(1)

HTML: The Language of Web Pages

421

(1)

The Web Browser

422

(1)

Multimedia on the Web: MIME Revisited

423

(4)

Summary

423

(1)

Self-Test

424

(1)

Exercises

425

(2)

perl---The Master Manipulator

427

(35)

perl Preliminaries

428

(1)

Variables and Constants

429

(2)

Using a Pragma

430

(1)

Operators

431

(2)

The Comparison and Logical Operators

431

(1)

The Concatenation and Repetition Operators (. and x)

432

(1)

The Standard Conditionals and Loops

433

(2)

The if Conditional

433

(1)

The while, do-while, and for Loops

433

(2)

Reading Files from Command Line Arguments

435

(1)

Reading Files with One-Liners

435

(1)

Reading Files in a Script

436

(1)

The Current Line Number ($.) and the Range Operator (..)

436

(1)

$_: The Default Variable

437

(1)

String Handling Functions

438

(1)

Lists and Arrays

439

(3)

Array Handling Functions

441

(1)

foreach: Looping Through a List

442

(1)

Two Important List Functions

443

(3)

split: Splitting into a List or Array

443

(2)

join: Joining a List

445

(1)

dec2bin.pl: Converting a Decimal Number to Binary

446

(1)

Associative Arrays

447

(2)

Counting Number of Occurrences

448

(1)

Using Regular Expressions

449

(2)

Identifying Whitespace, Digits, and Words

449

(1)

The IRE and TRE Features

450

(1)

Substitution with the s and tr Functions

451

(1)

Editing Files In-Place

451

(1)

File Handling

452

(2)

File Tests

454

(1)

Subroutines

455

(1)

Going Further

456

(1)

CGI Programming with perl---An Overview

456

(6)

The Query String

456

(1)

GET and POST: The Request Method

457

(1)

Summary

457

(1)

Self-Test

458

(1)

Exercises

459

(3)

Program Development Tools

462

(40)

Handling Multisource C Applications

462

(5)

A Multisource Application

463

(3)

Compiling and Linking the Application

466

(1)

Why We Need the .o Files

467

(1)

make: Keeping Programs Up-to-Date

467

(5)

Removing Redundancies

469

(1)

Other Functions of make: Cleaning Up and Backup

470

(1)

Macros

471

(1)

ar: Building a Library (Archive)

472

(2)

Using the Library

473

(1)

Maintaining an Archive with make

473

(1)

Static and Shared Libraries

474

(1)

Version Control with SCCS and RCS

475

(1)

An SCCS Session

476

(5)

admin: Creating an SCCS File

477

(1)

get: Checking Out

477

(2)

delta: Checking In

479

(1)

unget: When You Change Your Mind

479

(2)

Activity and History Information

481

(1)

sact: Displaying Activity Status

481

(1)

prs: Displaying the SCCS History

481

(1)

Continuing Editing with SCCS

482

(4)

get -r: Changing the Default Numbering Sequence

482

(1)

Working with Multiple Versions

483

(2)

rmdel and comb: Removing and Combining Versions

485

(1)

Using Identification Keywords

486

(1)

Controlling Access to SCCS

486

(2)

Controlling User Access

486

(1)

Controlling Releases

487

(1)

The Revision Control System (RCS)

488

(5)

Creating an RCS File with ci

488

(1)

co and ci: Checking Out and In

489

(1)

Specifying Revisions

490

(1)

rlog and rcs: Other RCS Functions

491

(2)

Debugging Programs with dbx

493

(9)

Starting dbx

495

(1)

Using a Breakpoint

496

(1)

Stepping Through the Program

497

(1)

Making a Reassignment

498

(1)

Tracing a Variable

499

(1)

Summary

499

(1)

Self-Test

500

(1)

Exercises

500

(2)

Systems Programming I---Files

502

(34)

System Call Basics

502

(2)

Anatomy of a System Call

503

(1)

System Calls vs. Library Functions

503

(1)

errno and perror: Handling Errors

504

(2)

open: Opening and Creating a File

506

(2)

close: Closing a File

508

(1)

read: Reading a File

508

(1)

write: Writing a File

509

(1)

ccp.c: Copying a File

510

(2)

lseek: Positioning the Offset Pointer

512

(2)

reverse_read.c: Reading a File in Reverse

513

(1)

truncate and ftruncate: Truncating a File

514

(2)

umask: Modifying File Permissions During Creation

516

(1)

Directory Navigation

517

(1)

Reading a Directory

518

(2)

lls.c: Listing Filenames in a Directory

519

(1)

Modifying Entries in Directory

520

(2)

mkdir and rmdir: Creating and Removing Directories

521

(1)

link and symlink: Creating a Hard and Symbolic Link

521

(1)

unlink: Removing a Link

521

(1)

rename: Renaming a File, Directory, or Symbolic Link

522

(1)

Reading the Inode: struct stat and stat

522

(6)

attributes.c: Displaying Some File Attributes

523

(1)

S_IFMT: Manipulating the st_mode Member

524

(1)

Using the S_ISxxx Macros to Determine File Type

525

(1)

Accessing the Permission Bits

526

(1)

lsdir.c: Listing Only Directories

526

(2)

access: Checking the Real User's Permissions

528

(1)

Modifying File Attributes

529

(7)

chmod and fchmod: Changing File Permissions

530

(1)

chown: Changing Ownership

530

(1)

utime: Changing the Time Stamps

531

(1)

atimemtime.c: Creating a File with Identical Time Stamps

531

(2)

Summary

533

(1)

Self-Test

533

(1)

Exercises

534

(2)

Systems Programming II---Process Control

536

(36)

The Process Revisited

536

(3)

The Virtual Address Space

537

(1)

The Process Table

538

(1)

The Process Environment

539

(2)

process.c: Looking Up Some Process Credentials

540

(1)

fork: Replicating the Current Process

541

(1)

fork.c: A Simple Child Creation Program

541

(1)

exec: The Final Step in Process Creation

542

(4)

execl and execv: The Key Members

543

(2)

The Other exec Members

545

(1)

Gathering the Exit Status

546

(1)

wait: When the Parent Waits

546

(1)

waitpid: A More Powerful Waiting Mechanism

547

(1)

fork_exec_wait.c: Using All Three Calls

547

(3)

File Sharing

550

(3)

The File Descriptor Table

550

(1)

The File Table

551

(1)

The Vnode Table

551

(1)

When the Linkage Changes

551

(2)

File Descriptor Manipulation

553

(3)

dup and dup2: Duplicating a File Descriptor

553

(1)

redirection.c: Redirection at Last

554

(1)

fcntl: Recommended over dup and dup2

555

(1)

Signal Handling

556

(1)

The System Calls

557

(1)

sigaction: Installing a Signal Handler

558

(5)

signal.c: Catching the SIGALRM Signal

560

(1)

Catching Terminal-Generated Signals

560

(3)

killprocess.c: Using fork-exec-wait and SIGCHLD

563

(2)

IPC with Unnamed Pipes

565

(7)

Using pipe with fork

566

(1)

pipe2.c: Running UNIX Commands in a Pipe

567

(1)

Summary

568

(1)

Self-Test

569

(1)

Exercises

570

(2)

System Administration

572

(30)

root: The System Administrator's Login

573

(1)

su: Acquiring Superuser Status

573

(1)

The Administrator's Privileges

574

(1)

User Management

575

(3)

Understanding /etc/group

575

(1)

Understanding /etc/passwd

576

(1)

Adding and Modifying a User Profile

577

(1)

Maintaining Security

578

(2)

Restricted Shell

578

(1)

Set-User-Id (SUID): Power for a Moment

579

(1)

The Sticky Bit

580

(1)

Booting and Shutdown

580

(2)

Booting

581

(1)

Shutdown

581

(1)

How init Controls the System

582

(3)

How init Creates the Shell

583

(1)

The rc Scripts

584

(1)

Device Files

585

(1)

Block and Character Devices

586

(1)

Major and Minor Numbers

586

(1)

File Systems

586

(2)

File System Components

587

(1)

The Standard File Systems and Their Types

588

(1)

Mounting and Unmounting File Systems

588

(2)

mount: Mounting File Systems

589

(1)

umount: Unmounting File Systems

590

(1)

fsck: File System Checking

590

(1)

Managing Disk Space

591

(2)

df: Reporting Free Space

591

(1)

du: Disk Usage

592

(1)

find Revisited: The Administrator's Tool

593

(1)

Handling Floppy Diskettes

593

(2)

format and fdformat: Formatting Diskettes

593

(1)

dd: Copying Diskettes

593

(1)

Handling DOS Diskettes

594

(1)

tar: Backing Up Files

595

(7)

Backing Up Files (-c)

596

(1)

Restoring Files (-x)

597

(1)

Displaying the Archive (-t)

598

(1)

Other Options

598

(1)

Summary

598

(1)

Self-Test

599

(1)

Exercises

600

(2)

Appendix A The C Shell---Programming Constructs

602

(7)

Appendix B The Korn and Bash Shells---Exclusive Programming Constructs

609

(7)

Appendix C vi/vim and emacs Command Reference

616

(9)

Appendix D The Regular Expression Superset

625

(3)

Appendix E The HOWTO

628

(5)

Appendix F The ASCII Character Set

633

(4)

Appendix G Glossary

637

(19)

Appendix H Solutions to Self-Test Questions

656

(23)

Index

679

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