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Writing in the Sciences : Exploring Conventions of Scientific Discourse (Part of the Allyn and ...

ISBN: 9780321112040 | 0321112040
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Longman
Pub. Date: 1/1/2004

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SummaryTable of Contents
This rhetorical, multi-disciplinary guide teaches the major genres of science writing, including research reports, grant proposals, conference presentations, and a variety of forms of public communication. Writing in the Sciences combines a descriptive approachhelping students to recognize distinctive features of common genres in their fieldswith a rhetorical focushelping them to analyze how, why, and for whom texts are created by scientists. Multiple samples from real research cases illustrate a range of scientific disciplines and audiences fo... MORE
List of Stylistic Featuresxi
Forewordxii
Prefacexiii
PART 1 Scientific Conventions1(228)
1 Science as a Social Enterprise
... MORE3(21)
1.1 The Shaping of Knowledge in Science
3(3)
1.2 The Social Nature of Science
6(3)
1.3 The Centrality of Communication in Science
9(3)
1.4 The Role of Persuasion in Scientific Communication
12(4)
1.5 Scientific Communication and Convention
16(1)
1.6 The Role of Collaboration in Scientific Communication
17(7)
2 Forums for Communication in Science
24(16)
2.1 The Socialization Process: Entering a New Community
24(1)
2.2 Research Journals and Their Readers
25(4)
2.3 Research Conferences and Professional Associations
29(3)
2.4 Research Proposals and Their Audiences
32(1)
2.5 Communicating Beyond the Research Community
33(1)
2.6 Electronic Communication in Science
34(6)
3 Reading and Writing Research Reports
40(43)
3.1 Argumentation in Science
40(2)
3.2 The Logic(s) of Scientific Inquiry
42(3)
3.3 Introducing the Research Problem
45(5)
3.4 Describing Methods
50(6)
3.5 Reporting Results
56(6)
3.6 Discussing Trends and Implications
62(6)
3.7 The Research Report Abstract
68(5)
3.8 Brief Report Genres: Research Letters and Notes
73(3)
3.9 How Scientists Write Reports
76(1)
3.10 How Scientists Read Reports
77(2)
3.11 How Reviewers Evaluate Reports
79(4)
4 Reviewing Prior Research
83(19)
4.1 The Role of Prior Research in Scientific Argument
83(2)
4.2 Reviewing as a Genre: The Review Article
85(2)
4.3 Locating the Literature
87(3)
4.4 Reading Previous Research
90(1)
4.5 Identifying Trends and Patterns
91(3)
4.6 Organizing the Review
94(1)
4.7 Citing Sources in the Text
95(3)
4.8 Preparing the List of Works Cited
98(3)
4.9 The Research Review Abstract
101(1)
5 Preparing Conference Presentations
102(26)
5.1 The Role of Research Conferences in the Sciences
102(1)
5.2 Writing Conference Proposal Abstracts
103(6)
5.3 Organizing the Research Talk
109(1)
5.4 Methods of Oral Presentation
110(7)
5.5 Delivering Conference Presentations
117(3)
5.6 The Use of Graphics in Oral Presentations
120(1)
5.7 Preparing Research Posters
121(4)
5.8 Conference Proceedings
125(3)
6 Writing Research Proposals
128(25)
6.1 The Role of the Proposal in Science
128(3)
6.2 Multiple Audiences of the Proposal
131(1)
6.3 Logic and Organization in the Research Proposal
132(2)
6.4 Introducing the Research Problem and Objectives
134(5)
6.5 Providing Background
139(2)
6.6 Describing Proposed Methods
141(2)
6.7 The Research Proposal Abstract
143(1)
6.8 How Scientists Write Research Proposals
144(1)
6.9 How Reviewers Evaluate Research Proposals
145(3)
6.10 Accountability in the Research Process
148(5)
7 Documenting Procedures and Guidelines
153(23)
7.1 Audiences and Purposes in Industry and Government
153(1)
7.2 General Principles for Writing Basic Instructions
154(3)
7.3 Documenting Procedures for Quality Assurance
157(4)
7.4 Documenting Procedures for Regulatory Purposes
161(5)
7.5 Describing Procedures for Commercial Purposes
166(2)
7.6 Procedures as Public Policy
168(3)
7.7 Procedures as Public Ethos
171(5)
8 Communicating with Public Audiences
176(27)
8.1 Why Do Scientists Communicate with Public Audiences?
176(5)
8.2 Understanding "General" Audiences
181(8)
8.3 Adapting Through Narration
189(2)
8.4 Adapting Through Examples
191(1)
8.5 Adapting Through Definition
192(1)
8.6 Adapting Through Analysis
193(1)
8.7 Adapting Through Comparison
193(4)
8.8 Adapting Through Graphics
197(2)
8.9 Logic and Organization in Writing for Public Audiences
199(4)
9 Considering Ethics in Scientific Communication
203(26)
9.1 Scientific and Social Ethics
203(6)
9.2 The Ethics of Authorship
209(5)
9.3 Scientific Communication as Moral Responsibility
214(2)
9.4 Scientific Communication and Public Communication: An Ethical Conflict?
216(4)
9.5 Scientific Style and Social Responsibility
220(4)
9.6 The Ethics of Style as Socialization
224(5)
PART 2 Sample Research Cases229(196)
10 Research on the "Ulcer Bug": From Theory to Clinical Application
231(56)
MARSHALL AND WARREN AND COLLEAGUES
Warren JR, Marshall B. 1983. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Letters to the Lancet.
233(3)
Blaser MJ. 1987. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology.
236(14)
Letters to the Lancet and Annals of Internal Medicine
Veldhuyzen van Zanten and others 1988 249 Lam 1989
250(1)
Marshall, Warren, and Goodwin 1989 251 Loffeld, Stobberingh, and Arends 1989 252 Bell 1991
253(1)
Graham DY, Lew GM, Klein PD, Evans DG, Evans DJ Jr, Saeed ZA, Malaty HM. 1992. Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on the long-term recurrence of gastric or duodenal ulcer. Annals of Internal Medicine.
254(4)
Blaser MJ. 1996 Feb. The bacteria behind ulcers. Scientific American.
258(6)
Alimenterics Inc. 1999. Pylori-Chek Breath Test Kit.
264(16)
Chiba N, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO, Sinclair P, Ferguson RA, Escobedo S, Grace E. 2002. Treating Helicobacter pylori infection in primary care patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia: The Canadian adult dyspepsia empiric treatment-Helicobacter pylori positive (CADET Hp) randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal.
280(7)
11 Research on Predatory Algae: From Environmental Event to Environmental Policy
287(69)
BURKHOLDER AND COLLEAGUES
Burkholder JM, Noga EJ, Hobbs CH, Glasgow HB Jr, Smith SA. 1992. New "phantom" dinoflagellate is the causative agent of major estuarine fish kills. Nature.
289(4)
Huyghe R. 1993 Apr. Killer Algae. Discover.
293(7)
National Sea Grant College Program. 1994. Statement of opportunity for funding: Marine biotechnology. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University, UNC Sea Grant College Program. [Excerpts]
300(3)
Burkholder JM, Rublee PA. 1994. Improved detection of an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate in estuaries and aquaculture facilities. Proposal submitted to the (US) National Sea Grant College Program. North Carolina State University, Department of Botany.
303(25)
Mallin MA, Burkholder JM, Larsen LM, Glasgow HB Jr. 1995. Response of two zooplankton grazers to an ichthyotoxic estuarine dinoflagellate. Journal of Plankton Research.
328(13)
North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. 1998. Safety and personal protection during fish kills: http://www.esb.enr.state.nc.us/Fishkill/ persprotect.html.
341(4)
Maryland Department of Natural Resources. 1999. Maryland guidelines for closing and reopening rivers potentially affected by Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like events: http://www.dnr.state.md.us/bay/cblife/algae/dino/pfiesteria/river closure.html.
345(3)
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2001. Collection and handling of fish pathology samples: http://www.esb.enr.state.nc.us/Fishkill/ fishsamp.html.
348(2)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Pfiesteria piscicida, Fact Sheet: http://www.epa.gov/owow/estuaries/pfiesteria/fact.html.
350(6)
12 Research on Supernova Remnants: From Proposal to Publication
356(44)
REYNOLDS AND COLLEAGUES
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993. NASA research announcement soliciting proposals for theory in space astrophysics. NRA 93-OSSA-06. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science. [Excerpt]
358(1)
Reynolds SP, Borkowski KJ, Blondin JM. 1994. X-ray emission and dynamics of supernova remnants. Proposal submitted to NASA's Astrophysics Theory Program. North Carolina State University, Department of Physics.
359(17)
Reynolds SP, Blondin JM, Borkowski KJ. 1995. X-ray emission and dynamics of supernova remnants. First-Year Report to NASA.
376(2)
Reynolds SP, Blondin JM, Borkowski KJ. 1996. X-ray emission and dynamics of supernova remnants. Second-Year Report to NASA.
378(3)
Reynolds SP, Blondin JM, Borkowski KJ. 1997. X-ray emission and dynamics of supernova remnants. Final Report to NASA.
381(4)
Reynolds SR 1996. Synchrotron models for X-rays from the supernova remnant SN 1006. Astrophysical Journal.
385(5)
Hendrick SP, Reynolds SP, Borkowski KJ. 2001. Maximum energies of shockaccelerated electrons in supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Young
Supernova Remnants: Eleventh Astrophysics Conference.
390(4)
Hendrick SP, Reynolds SR 2001. Maximum energies of shock-accelerated electrons in Large Magellanic Cloud supernova remnants. Astrophysical Journal.
394(6)
13 Research on the Oracle at Delphi: From Ancient Myth to Modern Interdisciplinary Science
400(25)
HALE AND DE BOER AND COLLEAGUES
De Boer JZ, Hale JR. 1996. Request for permission to take samples of travertine rock from the vicinity of the Apollo temple at Delphi.
402(2)
Government of Greece, Ministry of Culture. 1997. Permit issued to John Hale for removal of porous stone from Delphi. Translated by Edward Tick 2003.
404(2)
De Boer JZ, Hale JR, Chanton J. 2001. New evidence for the geological origins of the ancient Delphic oracle (Greece). Geology.
406(4)
Spiller HA, Hale JR, De Boer JZ. 2002. The Delphic oracle: A multidisciplinary defense of the gaseous vent theory. Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology.
410(8)
Hale JR, De Boer J, Chanton J, Spiller H. 2002. New evidence for the geological origin of the Delphic oracle: Active faults, gaseous emissions, and architectural anomalies in the Temple of Apollo. Conference abstract, 103rd Annual Meeting of the Archeological Institute of America.
418(6)
Broad WJ. 2002. For Delphic oracle, fumes and visions. New York Times.
424(1)
References425(11)
Credits436(3)
Name Index439(6)
Subject Index445

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