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World History to 1800: Volume 1

ISBN: 9780534531188 | 0534531180
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 12/8/1997

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Table of Contents
Map List
xxi(2)
Chronology Listxxiii(2)
Prefacexxv(4)
Acknowledgementsxxix(2)
A Note to Students about Langu... MORExxxi
PART I The First Civilizations and the Rise of Empires1(196)
CHAPTER I The First Civilization: The People of Western Asia and Egypt
6(38)
The First Humans
7(1)
The Hunter-Gatheres of the Old Stone Age
8(1)
The Agricultural Revolutions, c. 10,000-4000 B.C.E.
9(2)
The Emergence of Civilization
11(1)
Civilization in Mesopotamia
12(7)
The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia
12(2)
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia
14(3)
The Culture of Mesopotamia
17(2)
Egyptian Civilization: "The Gift of the Nile"
19(10)
Old Hand and Middle Kingdoms
20(3)
Society and Economic in Ancient Egypt
23(1)
The Culture of Egypt
24(2)
Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom
26(1)
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage
27(2)
New Centers of Civilization
29(6)
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans
29(1)
The Phoenicians
30(1)
The Hebrews: The "Children of Israel"
30(5)
The Rise of New Empires
35(6)
The Assyrian Empire
35(2)
The Persian Empire
37(4)
Conclusion
41(1)
Chapter Notes
42(1)
Suggested Readings
42(2)
CHAPTER 2 Ancient India
44(34)
Background to the Emergence of Civilization in India
46(1)
Harappan Civilization: A Fascinating Enigma
46(3)
Political and Social Structures
47(1)
Harappan Culture
48(1)
The Arrival of the Aryans
49(11)
The Art of Statecraft in Ancient India: The Arthasatra
51(3)
Caste and Class: Social Structure in Ancient India
54(4)
The Economy
58(2)
Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India
60(8)
Hinduism
61(3)
Buddhism: The Middle Path
64(4)
The Rule of the Fishes: India after the Mauryas
68(1)
The Exuberant World of Indian Culture
68(6)
Literature
68(3)
Architecture and Sculpture
71(3)
Conclusion
74(2)
Chapter Notes
76(1)
Suggested Readings
76(2)
CHAPTER 3 China in Antiquity
78(36)
The Land and People of China
79(2)
The Dawn of Chinese Civilization: The Shang Dynasty
81(2)
Political Organization
81(2)
Social Structures
83(1)
The Zhou Dynasty
83(9)
Political Structures
84(2)
Economy and Society
86(1)
The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy
87(5)
The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han
92(11)
The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.)
93(5)
The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-221 C.E.)
98(5)
Daily Life in Ancient China
103(3)
The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China
105(1)
The World of Culture
106(5)
Metalwork and Sculpure
106(2)
Language and Literature
108(3)
Music
111(1)
Conclusion
111(1)
Chapter Notes
112(1)
Suggested Readings
112(2)
CHAPTER 4 The Civilization of the Greeks
114(38)
Early Greece
115(3)
Minoan Crete
116(1)
The Mycenaean Greeks
117(1)
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.E.)
118(2)
Homer
118(2)
The World of the Greek City-States (c.750-c.500 B.C.E.)
120(5)
The Polis
120(1)
Colonization and the Rise of Tyrants
121(2)
Sparta
123(2)
Athens
125(1)
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece
125(13)
The Challenge of Persia
125(1)
The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles
126(2)
The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States
128(1)
The Culture of Classical Greece
129(6)
Greek Religion
135(1)
Daily Life in Classical Athens
136(2)
The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander
138(3)
Alexander the Great
138(3)
The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms
141(3)
Economic and Social Trends
143(1)
Culture in the Hellenistic World
144(5)
New Directions in Literature and Art
144(2)
A Golden Age of Science
146(1)
Philosophy: New Schools of Thought
146(2)
Religion in the Hellenistic World
148(1)
Conclusion
149(1)
Chapter Notes
150(1)
Suggested Readings
150(2)
CHAPTER 5 The Roman World
152(45)
The Emergence of Rome
153(2)
The Greeks and Etruscans
154(1)
Early Rome
154(1)
The Roman Republic
155(4)
The Roman Conquest of Italy
156(1)
The Roman State
157(2)
The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264-133 B.C.E.)
159(3)
The Punic Wars
159(1)
The Eastern Mediteranean
160(1)
The Nature of Roman Imperialism
160(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133-31 B.C.E.)
162(4)
A New Role For the Roman Army: Marius and Sulla
163(1)
The Collapse of the Republic
164(2)
The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.)
166(2)
Augustan Society
167(1)
The Early Empire (14-180)
168(3)
The Five "Good Emperors" (96-180)
168(1)
The Roman Empire at Its Height: Fronters and the Provinces
169(1)
Prosperity in the Early Empire
170(1)
Culture and Society in the Roman World
171(11)
Roman Literature
172(3)
Art
175(1)
Roman Law
175(1)
The Roman Family
176(1)
Slaves and Their Masters
177(2)
Imperial Rome
179(2)
The Gladiatorial Shows
181(1)
Religion in the Roman World: The Rise of Christianity
182(3)
The Religious World of the Romans
182(1)
The Jewish Background
182(1)
The Rise of Christianity
183(2)
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
185(4)
The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine
186(1)
The Triumph of Christianity
187(1)
The Fall of the Western Roman Empire
188(1)
Conclusion
189(1)
Chapter Notes
189(1)
Suggested Readings
190(7)
PART II New Patterns of Civilization197(290)
CHAPTER 6 The New World
202(28)
The First Americans
203(2)
Early Civilization in Central America
205(15)
Teotihuacan: America's First Metropolis
206(1)
The Mysterious Maya
207(5)
The Aztecs
212(8)
The First Civilization in South America
220(6)
The Inca
223(3)
Stateless Societies in the New World
226(2)
Conclusion
228(1)
Chapter Notes
229(1)
Suggested Readings
229(1)
CHAPTER 7 The World of Islam
230(30)
The Rise of Islam
231(4)
The Teachings of Muhammad
235(1)
The Arab Empire and Its Successors
236(8)
The Umayyads
237(1)
The Rise of the Abbasids
238(3)
The Seljuk Trucks
241(1)
The Crusades
242(1)
The Mongols
242(2)
Islamic Civilization
244(14)
Political Structures
244(1)
The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Manufacturing in the Middle East
245(1)
Islamic Society
246(1)
The Culture of Islam
247(11)
Conclusion
258(1)
Chapter Notes
258(1)
Suggested Readings
259(1)
CHAPTER 8 Early Civilization in Africa
260(32)
The Land
261(2)
The Emergence of Civilization
263(7)
Kush
263(1)
Axum, Son of Saba
264(2)
The Sahara and Its Environs
266(2)
East Africa, Land of Zanj
268(2)
South Africa
270(1)
The Coming of Islam
270(1)
The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea
271(1)
East Africa and the Indian Ocean Trade
271(2)
State Building in West Africa
273(4)
Ghana
273(2)
Mali
275(1)
Government and Kingship in West Africa
276(1)
States and Stateless Societies in Southern Africa
277(2)
Zimbabwe
278(1)
Aspects of African Society
279(3)
Urban Life
279(2)
Family, Village, and Women
281(1)
Slavery
282(1)
Religious Beliefs in Traditional Africa
282(1)
African Culture
283(5)
Painting and Sculpture
283(1)
Music
284(2)
Architecture
286(1)
Literature
287(1)
Conclusion
288(2)
Chapter Notes
290(1)
Suggested Readings
290(2)
CHAPTER 9 The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia
292(38)
India from the Mauryas to the Mughals
293(21)
The Kushan Kingdom: Linchpin of the Silk Road
293(1)
The Gupta Dynasty
294(6)
Islam on the March
300(6)
Economy and Daily Life
306(2)
The Wonder of Indian Culture
308(6)
The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia
314(12)
The Beginnings of Civilization
315(1)
The Formation of States
316(4)
Spices and Paddy Fields: The Economy of Southeast Asia
320(1)
Daily Life
321(2)
World of the Spirits: Religious Belief
323(2)
The Cultural World of Southeast Asia
325(1)
Conclusion
326(2)
Chapter Notes
328(1)
Suggested Readings
328(2)
CHAPTER 10 From the Tang to the Mongols: The Flowering of Traditional China
330(40)
China after the Han
332(1)
China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song
333(12)
Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism
337(3)
Economy and Society
340(5)
Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire
345(6)
Mongol Rule in China
348(3)
The Mongols' Place in History
351(1)
The Ming Dynasty
351(2)
Ming Hongwu: The People's Emperor
352(1)
The Ming Turn Inward
353(1)
In Search of the Way
353(5)
The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism
353(3)
Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things
356(2)
The Apogee of Chinese Culture
358(8)
Literature
358(5)
Art
363(3)
Conclusion
366(1)
Chapter Notes
367(1)
Suggested Readings
368(2)
CHAPTER 11 The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
370(32)
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun
371(22)
A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan
372(2)
The Rise of the Japanese State
374(6)
Economic and Social Structures
380(6)
In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan
386(1)
Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture
387(5)
Japan and the Chinese Model
392(1)
Korea
393(3)
The Three Kingdoms
393(1)
Unification
394(2)
Under the Mongols
395(1)
Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon
396(4)
The Rise of Great Viet
397(2)
Society and Family Life
399(1)
Conclusion
400(1)
Chapter Notes
400(1)
Suggested Readings
401(1)
CHAPTER 12 The Making of Europe and the World of the Byzantine Empire, 500-1300
402(44)
The Transformation of the Roman World
403(8)
The New Germanic Kingdoms
403(2)
The Role of the Christian Church
405(2)
Charlemagne and the World of the Carolingians
407(4)
The World of Feudalism
411(4)
Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
411(1)
The Development of Feudalism
411(2)
The Nobility of the Middle Ages
413(2)
The Growth of European Kingdoms
415(6)
England in the High Middle Ages
415(2)
The Growth of the French Kingdom
417(1)
The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire
418(1)
The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe
419(2)
The World of the Peasants
421(3)
The New Agriculture
421(1)
The Manorial System
422(1)
Daily Life of the Peasantry
423(1)
The New World of Trade and Cities
424(4)
The Revival of Trade
424(1)
The Growth of Cities
425(2)
Industry in Medieval Cities
427(1)
Christianity and Medieval Civilization
428(4)
The Popal Monarchy
428(1)
New Religious Orders and New Spiritual Ideals
429(2)
Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages
431(1)
The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High Middle Ages
432(4)
The Rise of Universities
432(1)
The Development of Scholasticism
433(1)
Vernacular Literature
433(1)
Romanesque Architecture: "A White Mantle of Churches"
434(1)
The Gothic Cathedral
435(1)
The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades
436(6)
The Reign of Justinian (527-565)
436(1)
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire
437(2)
New Heights and New Problems
439(1)
The Crusades
440(2)
Conclusion
442(2)
Chapter Notes
444(1)
Suggested Readings
444(2)
CHAPTER 13 Crisis and Rebirth: Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
446(41)
A Time of Troubles: Black Death and Social Crisis
447(7)
Famine and the Black Death
447(4)
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval
451(2)
Economic Recovery
453(1)
Political Instability and Political Renewal
454(11)
The Hundred Years' War
454(2)
Political Instability
456(1)
Political Recovery: The "New Monarchies"
456(4)
The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine Empire
460(1)
The Italian States
460(3)
Machiavelli and the New Statecraft
463(2)
The Decline of the Church
465(4)
Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State
465(1)
The Papacy at Avignon (1305-1378)
465(1)
The Great Schism
466(1)
The Problems of Heresy and Reform
467(1)
The Renaissance Papacy
468(1)
Meaning and Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
469(1)
Social Changes in the Renaissance
469(3)
The Social Classes: The Nobility
470(1)
The Social Classes: The Third Estate of Peasants and Townspeople
470(1)
Family and Marriage in Renaissance Italy
471(1)
The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy
472(5)
Italian Renaissance Humanism
472(2)
Education in the Renaissance
474(1)
The Development of Vernacular Literature
475(2)
The Impact of Printing
477(1)
The Artistic Renaissance
478(2)
The Northern Artistic Renaissance
478(2)
Conclusion
480(2)
Chapter Notes
482(1)
Suggested Readings
482(5)
PART III The Emergence of New World Patterns (1500-1800)487
CHAPTER 14 New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market
492(38)
An Age of Exploration and Expansion
493(13)
Islam and the Spice Trade
493(1)
A New Player Enters the Game
494(2)
The Development of a Portuguese Maritime Empire
496(3)
Voyages to the "New World"
499(3)
The Impact of European Expansion
502(1)
New Rivals Enter The Scene
503(3)
African in an Era of Transition
506(10)
The Slave Trade
508(3)
Political and Social Structure in a Changing Continent
511(5)
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade
516(12)
Building Stable Political Systems on the Mainland
517(2)
The Arrival of the West
519(3)
State and Society in Precolonical Southeast Asia
522(6)
Conclusion
528(1)
Chapter Notes
528(1)
Suggested Readings
529(1)
CHAPTER 15 Religious Reform and State Building in Europe
530(40)
The Protestant Reformation
531(12)
Prelude to Reformation
531(1)
Church and Religion on the Eva of the Reformation
532(1)
Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany
533(4)
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation
537(3)
The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation
540(3)
The Catholic Reformation
543(1)
Europe in Crisis: War, Revolution, and Social Disintegration 1560-1650
544(6)
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century
544(3)
Economic and Social Crises: The Witchcraft Craze
547(1)
Seventeenth-Century Crises: Revolution and War
548(2)
Response to the Crisis: The Practice of Absolutism
550(7)
The Practice of Absolutism: France under Louis XIV
551(3)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
554(3)
Limited Monarchy: England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy
557(4)
Revolution and Civil War
557(1)
Restoration and a Glorious Revolution
558(3)
Responses to Revolution
561(1)
The World of European Culture
561(6)
Art
561(2)
A Golden Age of Literature: England and Spain
563(2)
The Theater: The Triumph of French Neoclassicism
565(2)
Conclusion
567(1)
Chapter Notes
567(1)
Suggested Readings
568(2)
CHAPTER 16 The Muslim Empires
570(36)
The Ottoman Empire
571(12)
Expansion of the Empire
573(4)
The Nature of Turkish Rule
577(1)
Religion and Society in the Ottoman World
578(1)
The Ottoman in Decline
579(2)
Ottoman Art
581(2)
The Safavids
583(4)
Safavid Politics and Society
585(1)
Safavid Art and Literature
586(1)
The Grandeur of the Mughals
587(15)
The Mughal Dynasty: A "Gunpowder Empire"?
588(2)
Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization
590(2)
Twilight of the Mughals
592(2)
The Impact of Western Power in India
594(3)
Society and Culture under the Mughals
597(5)
Conclusion
602(2)
Chapter Notes
604(1)
Suggested Readings
604(2)
CHAPTER 17 The East Asian World
606(40)
China at Its Apex
607(19)
From the Ming to the Qing
608(6)
The Greatness of the Qing
614(5)
Changing China
619(2)
Daily Life in Qing China
621(2)
Cultural Developments
623(3)
Tokugawa Japan
626(14)
The Three Great Unifiers
626(2)
Opening to the West
628(3)
The Tokugawa "Great Peace"
631(5)
Life in the Village
636(1)
Tokugawa Culture
637(3)
Korea: The Hermit Kingdom
640(1)
Conclusion
641(2)
Chapter Notes
643(1)
Suggested Readings
644(2)
CHAPTER 18 Towards a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West
646(34)
The Scientific Revolution
647(13)
Background to the Scientific Revolution
648(1)
Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy
648(5)
The Breakthrough in Medicine
653(1)
Women in the Origins of Modern Science
654(2)
Toward a New Earth: Descartes, Rationalism, and a New View of Humankind
656(1)
Science and Religion in the Seventeenth Century
657(2)
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
659(1)
The Enlightenment
660(9)
The Paths to Enlightenment
661(1)
The Philosophes and Their Ideas
662(6)
The Social Environment of the Philosophes
668(1)
Culture and Society in an Age of Enlightenment
669(5)
Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature
669(3)
High Culture
672(1)
Popular Culture
672(1)
Crime and Punishment
673(1)
Religion and the Churches
674(3)
Toleration and Religious Minorities
674(1)
Popular Religion in the Eighteenth Century
674(3)
Conclusion
677(1)
Chapter Notes
677(1)
Suggested Readings
678(2)
CHAPTER 19 Europe on the Eve of a New World Order
680
Economic Changes and the Persistence of a Traditional Social Order
681(7)
Population, Food, and Industry
681(1)
Worldwide Trade
682(2)
Society in the Eighteenth Century
684(4)
Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation
688(3)
The Seven Years' War(1756-1763): A Global War
688(2)
European Armies and Warfare in the Eighteenth Century
690(1)
Colonial Empires and Revolution
691(9)
The Society of Latin America
691(5)
British North America
696(4)
Toward a New Political Order
700(19)
Background: Enlightened Absolutism in the Eighteenth Century
700(5)
The French Revolution
705(8)
The Age of Napoleon
713(6)
Conclusion
719(1)
Chapter Notes
719(1)
Suggested Readings
720
IndexI-1(22)
Document CreditsI-23(8)
Map CreditsI-31(2)
Photo CreditsI-33

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