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Using Information Technology 6/e Complete Edition

ISBN: 9780072882933 | 007288293X
Edition: 6th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Career Education
Pub. Date: 1/12/2004

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SummaryTable of Contents
Using Information Technology, 6/e covers the fundamental computing concepts that are part of the digital age, including software, hardware, data, people, and procedures along with expanded coverage on Security and ethics. The text centers on educating today's technology consumer, using themes of ethics, the Internet, and communications to demonstrate how the changing world of technology influences our lives and the decisions we make.
Introduction to Information Technology: Your Digital World
1(38)
Infotech Becomes Commonplace: Cellphones, Email, the Internet, & the E-World
3(4)
... MORE
The Telephone Grows Up
4(1)
``You've Got Mail!'' Email's Mass Impact
5(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``Managing Your Email''
5(1)
The Internet, the World Wide Web, & the ``Plumbing of Cyberspace''
5(1)
The E-World & Welcome to It
6(1)
The ``All-Purpose Machine'': The Varieties of Computers
7(4)
All Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines
7(4)
Servers
11(1)
Understanding Your Computer: How You Can Customize Your Own PC
11(10)
How Computers Work: Three Key Concepts
12(2)
Pretending to Order a Custom-Built Desktop Computer
14(1)
Input Hardware: Keyboard & Mouse
14(1)
Processing & Memory Hardware: Inside the System Cabinet
15(2)
Storage Hardware: Floppy Drive, Hard Drive, & CD/DVD Drive
17(1)
Output Hardware: Video & Sound Cards, Monitor, Speakers, & Printer
18(1)
Communications Hardware: Modem
19(1)
Software
20(1)
Is Getting a Custom-Built PC Worth the Effort?
21(1)
Where Is Information Technology Headed?
21(18)
Three Directions of Computer Development: Miniaturization, Speed, & Affordability
22(1)
Three Directions of Communications Development: Connectivity, Interactivity, & Multimedia
23(1)
When Computers & Communications Combine: Convergence, Portability, & Personalization
24(1)
``E'' Also Stands for Ethics
25(1)
Onward: Handling Information in the Era of Pervasive Computing
26(2)
Experience Box: ``Better Organization & Time Management: Dealing with the Information Deluge in College---& in Life''
28(11)
The Internet & The World Wide Web: Exploring Cyberspace
39(58)
Choosing Your Internet Access Device & Physical Connection: The Quest for Broadband
40(7)
Telephone (Dial-Up) Modem: Low Speed but Inexpensive & Widely Available
42(1)
High-Speed Phone Lines: More Expensive but Available in Most Cities
43(2)
Problem for Telephone Internet Connections: The Last Mile
45(1)
Cable Modem: Close Competitor to DSL
45(1)
Wireless Systems: Satellite & Other Through-the-Air Connections
46(1)
Choosing Your Internet Service Provider (ISP)
47(2)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``Choosing an Internet Service Provider''
50
How Does the Internet Work?
49(3)
TCP/IP, the Internet Society, & ICANN
51(1)
Sending & Receiving Email
52(12)
Email Software & Carriers
53(1)
Email Addresses
54(2)
Attachments
56(3)
Instant Messaging
59(1)
Mailing Lists: Email-Based Discussion Groups
60(1)
Netiquette: Appropriate Online Behavior
60(1)
Sorting Your Email
61(1)
Spam: Unwanted Junk Email
61(1)
What about Keeping Email Private?
62(2)
The World Wide Web
64(16)
The Web & How It Works
66(2)
Using Your Browser to Get around the Web
68(5)
Web Portals: Starting Points for Finding Information
73(1)
Four Types of Search Engines: Human-Organized, Computer-Created, Hybrid, & Metasearch
74(1)
Tips for Smart Searching
75(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box ``How to Search the Internet''
76(1)
Multimedia on the Web
77(1)
Push Technology & Webcasting
78(1)
The Internet Telephone & Videophone
79(1)
Designing Web Pages
79(1)
The Online Gold Mine: More Internet Resources
80(17)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box ``The Risks of Online Intimacy''
82(4)
Experience Box: ``Web Research, Term Papers, & Plagiarism''
86(11)
Application Software: Tools for Productivity & Creativity
97(48)
Application Software: For Sale, for Free, or for Rent?
98(5)
Tutorials & Documentation
101(1)
A Few Facts about Files---& the Usefulness of Importing & Exporting
101(1)
The Types of Application Software
102(1)
Common Features of Software
103(8)
The GUI
104(3)
Desktop, Icons, & Menus
107(2)
Documents, Title Bars, Menu Bars, Toolbars, Taskbars, & Windows
109(1)
The Help Command
110(1)
Word Processing
111(6)
Creating Documents
112(1)
Editing Documents
112(2)
Formatting Documents with the Help of Templates & Wizards
114(2)
Printing, Faxing, or Emailing Documents
116(1)
Saving Documents
116(1)
Tracking Changes & Inserting Comments
116(1)
Web Document Creation
117(1)
Spreadsheets
117(3)
The Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
117(2)
Analytical Graphics: Creating Charts
119(1)
Database Software
120(4)
The Benefits of Database Software
120(1)
The Basics: How Databases Work
121(2)
Personal Information Managers
123(1)
Specialty Software
124(21)
Presentation Graphics Software
124(2)
Financial Software
126(1)
Desktop Publishing
127(1)
Drawing & Painting Programs
128(2)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``How to Buy Software''
130(1)
Video/Auditing Editing Software
131(1)
Project Management Software
131(1)
Computer-Aided Design
132(1)
Web Page Design/Authoring Software
133(1)
Experience Box: ``The Mysteries of Tech Support''
134(11)
System Software: The Power Behind the Power
145(34)
The Components of System Software
146(1)
The Operating System: What It Does
147(6)
Booting
148(1)
User Interface
149(1)
CPU Management
149(1)
File Management & Formatting
150(1)
Task Management
151(1)
Security Management
152(1)
Other System Software: Device Drivers & Utility Programs
153(4)
Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware
154(1)
Utilities: Service Programs
154(3)
Common Operating Systems
157(10)
Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems: DOS, Macintosh, & Windows
157(3)
Network Operating Systems: Netware, Windows NT/2000/2003/XP, Microsoft .NET, Unix, & Linux
160(6)
Operating Systems for Handhelds: Palm OS & Windows CE/Pocket PC/Windows CE .NET
166
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box ``Installing & Reinstalling Software''
162(5)
The OS of the Future: ``The Network Is the Computer''
167(12)
Beyond the OS to Web Services Platforms
167(1)
Open Source Computing: No One Company Dominates
168(2)
Experience Box: ``Is the Boss Watching You? Trustworthiness in the Workplace''
170(9)
Hardware---The CPU & Storage: How to Buy a Multimedia Computer System
179(56)
Microchips, Miniaturization, & Mobility
180(4)
From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors to Microchips
180(1)
Miniaturization Miracles: Microchips, Microprocessors, & Micromachines
181(2)
Mobility
183(1)
Buying an Inexpensive Personal Computer: Understanding Computer Ads
183(1)
The System Unit
184(22)
The Binary System: Using On/Off Electrical States to Represent Data & Instructions
184(2)
The Parity Bit
186(2)
Machine Language
188(1)
The Computer Case: Bays, Buttons, & Boards
188(2)
Power Supply
190(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``Preventing Problems from Too Much or Too Little Power to Your Computer''
191(1)
The Motherboard & the Microprocessor Chip
192(1)
Processing Speeds: From Megahertz to Picoseconds
193(1)
How the Processor or CPU Works: Control Unit, ALU, & Registers
194(3)
How Memory Works: RAM, ROM, CMOS, & Flash
197(2)
How Cache Works: Level 1 (Internal) & Level 2 (External)
199(1)
Other Methods of Speeding Up Processing
199(1)
Ports & Cables
200(4)
Expandability: Buses & Cards
204(2)
Secondary Storage
206(12)
Floppy Disks
207(2)
Hard Disks
209(3)
Hard-Disk Technology for Large Computer Systems
212(1)
Optical Disks: CDs & DVDs
212(3)
Magnetic Tape
215(1)
Smart Cards
216(1)
Flash Memory Cards
217(1)
Online Secondary Storage
218(1)
Future Developments in Processing & Storage
218(17)
Future Developments in Processing
219(2)
Future Developments in Secondary Storage
221(2)
Experience Box: ``How to Buy a Notebook''
223(12)
Hardware---Input & Output: Taking Charge of Computing & Communications
235(52)
Input & Output
237(1)
Input Hardware
238(20)
Keyboards
238(2)
Pointing Devices
240(7)
Scanning & Reading Devices
247(5)
Audio-Input Devices
252(1)
Webcams & Video-Input Cards
252(2)
Digital Cameras
254(1)
Speech-Recognition Systems
255(1)
Sensors
255(2)
Radio-Frequency Identification Tags
257(1)
Human-Biology-Input Devices
257(1)
Output Hardware
258(10)
Traditional Softcopy Output: Display Screens
259(4)
Traditional Hardcopy Output: Printers
263(3)
Mixed Output: Sound, Voice, & Video
266(2)
The Future of Input & Output
268(3)
Toward More Input from Remote Locations
268(1)
Toward More Source Data Automation
268(2)
Toward More Output in Remote Locations
270(1)
Toward More Realistic Output
270(1)
Input & Output Technology & Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics
271(16)
Health Matters
271(2)
Ergonomics: Design with People in Mind
273(1)
Experience Box: ``Good Habits: Protecting Your Computer System, Your Data, & Your Health''
273(14)
Telecommunications---Networks & Communications: The ``New Story'' In Computing
287(58)
From the Analog to the Digital Age
289(4)
The Digital Basis of Computers: Electrical Signals as Discontinuous Bursts
289(1)
The Analog Basis of Life: Electrical Signals as Continuous Waves
289(1)
Purpose of the Modem: Converting Digital Signals to Analog Signals & Back
290(2)
Converting Reality to Digital Form
292(1)
The Practical Uses of Communications
293(5)
Videoconferencing & Videophones: Video/Voice Communications
293(1)
Workgroup Computing & Groupware
294(1)
Telecommuting & Virtual Offices
295(1)
Home Networks
296(1)
Smart Television: DTV, HDTV, & SDTV
296(2)
Communications Media & Transfer Rates
298(14)
Wired Communications Media: Wires & Cables
298(1)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum, the Radio-Frequency (RF) Spectrum, & Bandwidth
299(1)
Wireless Communications Media: Transmitting Data Through the Air
300(10)
Compression & Decompression: Putting More Data in Less Space
310(2)
Transmitting Data: Behind-the-Scenes Details
312(7)
Line Configurations: Point-to-Point & Multipoint
312(1)
Serial & Parallel Transmission
312(1)
Direction of Transmission: Simplex, Half-Duplex, & Full-Duplex
313(1)
Transmission Mode: Asynchronous & Synchronous
314(1)
Circuit Switching & Packet Switching: For Voice, Data, & Both
315(1)
Multiplexing: Enhancing Communications Efficiencies
316(1)
Protocols: The Rules of Data Transmission
317(2)
Networks
319(10)
The Benefits of Networks
320(1)
Types of Networks: WANs, MANs, & LANs
321(1)
Types of LANs: Client/Server & Peer to Peer
321(2)
Components of a LAN
323(2)
Topology of LANs
325(1)
Intranets, Extranets, & Firewalls: Private Internet Networks
326(1)
Bookmark it! Practical Action Box: ``How to Create Your Own Simple Website, Easily & for Free''
327(2)
The Future of Communications
329(2)
Satellite-Based Systems
329(1)
Beyond 3G to 4G
329(1)
Photonics: Optical Technologies at Warp Speed
330(1)
When Utilities Become Communications Companies
330(1)
Software-Defined Radio
330(1)
A New Way to Compute: The Grid
331(1)
Cyberethics: Controversial Material & Censorship
331(14)
Experience Box: ``Virtual Meetings: Linking Up Electronically''
332(13)
Files, Databases, & E-Commerce: Digital Engines for the New Economy
345(38)
Managing Files: Basic Concepts
346(5)
How Data Is Organized: The Data Storage Hierarchy
346(2)
The Key Field
348(1)
Types of Files: Program Files, Data Files, & Others
348(1)
Two Types of Data Files: Master File & Transaction File
349(1)
Data Access Methods: Sequential versus Direct Access
350(1)
Offline versus Online Storage
350(1)
Database Management Systems
351(2)
Two Main Types of Database Access
352(1)
Database Models
353(6)
Hierarchical Database
354(1)
Network Database
355(1)
Relational Database
356(2)
Object-Oriented Database
358(1)
Features of a Database Management System
359(2)
Data Dictionary
359(1)
Utilities
359(1)
Report Generator
359(1)
Access Security
360(1)
System Recovery
360(1)
Databases & the New Economy: E-Commerce, Data Mining, & B2B Systems
361(5)
E-Commerce
361(2)
Data Mining
363(2)
Business-to-Business (B2B) Systems
365(1)
The Ethics of Using Storage & Databases: Concerns about Accuracy & Privacy
366(17)
Manipulation of Sound
366(1)
Manipulation of Photos
367(1)
Manipulation of Video & Television
368(1)
Accuracy & Completeness
368(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``How Long Will Digitized Data Last?''
369(1)
Matters of Privacy & Identity
369(2)
Monopolizing Information
371(2)
Experience Box: ``Preventing Your Identity from Getting Stolen''
373(10)
The Challenges of the Digital Age: Society & Information Technology Today
383(30)
Security Issues: Threats to Computers & Communications Systems
384(10)
Errors & Accidents
385(2)
Natural Hazards
387(1)
Civil Unrest & Terrorism
387(1)
Crimes Against Computers & Communications
387(2)
Crimes Using Computers & Communications
389(1)
Worms & Viruses
390(2)
Computer Criminals
392(2)
Security: Safeguarding Computers & Communications
394(5)
Identification & Access
395(1)
Encryption
396(2)
Protection of Software & Data
398(1)
Disaster-Recovery Plans
398(1)
Quality-of-Life Issues: The Environment, Mental Health, & the Workplace
399(4)
Environmental Problems
399(2)
Mental-Health Problems
401(1)
Workplace Problems: Impediments to Productivity
402(1)
Economic Issues: Employment & the Haves/Have-Nots
403(3)
Technology, the Job Killer?
403(1)
Bookmark it! Practical Action Box: ``When the Internet Isn't Productive: Online Addiction & Other Time Wasters''
404(1)
Gap between Rich & Poor
405(1)
The Digital Environment: Is There a Grand Design?
406(7)
Internet2: The New Internet
406(1)
The 1996 Telecommunications Act
406(1)
ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers
407(1)
Whom Does the Internet Serve?
407(1)
In a World of Breakneck Change, Can You Still Thrive?
407(1)
Experience Box: ``Student Use of Computers: Some Controversies''
408(5)
The Promises of the Digital Age: Society & Information Technology Tomorrow
413(32)
Emerging Global Telecommunications
414(2)
Two Models of Telecommunications: Tree-&-Branch versus Switched Network
415(1)
The Potential Effect of the Switched-Network Model: Napster & the Rise of File Sharing
415(1)
Artificial Intelligence
416(9)
Natural Language Processing
416(1)
Expert Systems
417(1)
Intelligent Agents
418(1)
Pattern Recognition
418(1)
Fuzzy Logic
418(1)
Virtual Reality & Simulation Devices
419(1)
Robotics
420(1)
Two Approaches to Artificial Intelligence: Weak versus Strong AI
420(2)
Artificial Life, the Turing Test, & AI Ethics
422(3)
Information & Education
425(1)
Health, Medicine, & Science
426(2)
Health & Medicine
426(1)
Science
427(1)
Commerce & Money
428(5)
Sales & Marketing
429(1)
Retailing Becomes E-Tailing
429(1)
Banking & E-Money
430(1)
Stock Trading
430(1)
Manufacturing
431(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``Succeeding at Distance Learning''
432(1)
Entertainment & the Arts
433(1)
Music
433(1)
Movies
433(1)
Government & Electronic Democracy
434(2)
Jobs & Careers
436(3)
Ways for You to Find Employers
436(1)
Ways for Employers to Find You
436(1)
What Do You Want to Do?
437(2)
Experience Box: ``Career Strategies for the Digital Age''
439(6)
Information Systems: Information Management & Systems Development
445
Organizations, Managers, & Information
446(6)
The Flow of Information Within an Organization
447(1)
Departments: R&D, Production, Marketing, Accounting, Human Resources, Information Systems
447(1)
Management Levels: Three Levels, Three Kinds of Decisions
447(3)
Types of Information: Unstructured, Semistructured, & Structured
450(2)
Computer-Based Information Systems
452(5)
Transaction Processing Systems: For Supervisory Managers
452(1)
Management Information Systems: For Middle Managers
453(1)
Decision Support Systems: Also for Middle Managers
453(1)
Executive Support Systems: For Top Managers
454(1)
Office Automation, Expert Systems, & Cooperative Systems: Information for Everyone
455(2)
Systems Development: The Six Phases of Systems Analysis & Design
457
The Purpose of a System
457(1)
Getting the Project Going: How It Starts, Who's Involved
457(1)
The Six Phases of Systems Analysis & Design
458(1)
The First Phase: Conduct a Preliminary Investigation
459(1)
The Second Phase: Do an Analysis of the System
459(2)
The Third Phase: Design the System
461(1)
The Fourth Phase: Develop the System
462(1)
The Fifth Phase: Implement the System
463(1)
The Sixth Phase: Maintain the System
464(1)
Bookmark It! Practical Action Box: ``Too Much Too Fast---Staying Focused to Avoid Information Overload''
464(2)
Experience Box: ``Critical Thinking Tools''
466
APPENDIX A SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: PROGRAMMING & LANGUAGES
1(1)
A.1 Programming: A Five-Step Procedure
2(1)
A.2 The First Step: Clarify the Programming Needs
3(1)
1. Clarify Objectives & Users
3(1)
2. Clarify Desired Outputs
3(1)
3. Clarify Desired Inputs
4(1)
4. Clarify the Desired Processing
4(1)
5. Double-Check the Feasibility of Implementing the Program
4(1)
6. Document the Analysis
4(1)
A.3 The Second Step: Design the Program
4(6)
1. Determine the Program Logic, Using a Top-Down Approach
5(1)
2. Design Details, Using Pseudocode and/or Flowcharts
5(5)
A.4 The Third Step: Code the Program
10(1)
1. Select the Appropriate Programming Language
10(1)
2. Follow the Syntax
11(1)
A.5 The Fourth Step: Test the Program
11(1)
1. Perform Desk-Checking
11(1)
2. Debug the Program
11(1)
3. Run Real-World Data
12(1)
A.6 The Fifth Step: Document & Maintain the Program
12(1)
1. Prepare User Documentation
12(1)
2. Prepare Operator Documentation
12(1)
3. Write Programmer Documentation
13(1)
4. Maintain the Program
13(1)
A.7 Five Generations of Programming Languages
13(6)
First Generation: Machine Language
15(1)
Second Generation: Assembly Language
15(1)
Third Generation: High-Level or Procedural Languages
16(1)
Fourth Generation: Very High Level or Problem-Oriented Languages
17(2)
Fifth Generation: Natural Languages
19(1)
A.8 Programming Languages Used Today
19(3)
Fortran: The Language of Mathematics & the First High-Level Language
19(1)
Cobol: The Language of Business
20(1)
Basic: The Easy Language
21(1)
Pascal: The Simple Language
21(1)
C: For Portability & Scientific Use
21(1)
LISP: For Artificial Intelligence Programs
22(1)
A.9 Object-Oriented & Visual Programming
22(3)
Object-Oriented Programming: Block by Block
22(1)
Three Important Concepts of OOP
23(1)
Visual Programming: The Example of Visual Basic
24(1)
A.10 Markup & Scripting Languages
25
HTML: For Creating 2-D Web Documents & Links
25(1)
VRML: For Creating 3-D Web Pages
26(1)
XML: For Making the Web Work Better
26(1)
JavaScript: For Dynamic Web Pages
27(1)
ActiveX: For Creating Interactive Web Pages
27(1)
Perl: For CGI Scripts
27
APPENDIX B MORE ABOUT THE BOOT PROCESS
1(1)
Notes1(1)
Index1(1)
Credits1(1)
About the Authors1

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