9780131865051

Teaches the reader how to use a virtual Linux machine for testing, and debugging the kernel, without disrupting the system.

Jeff Dike, an engineer at Intel, is author and maintainer of User Mode Linux. Well known throughout the Linux technical community, he has been active in Linux kernel development for more than five years. He holds a degree in Computer Science and Engineering from MIT.

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

About the Author

xiii

Introduction

1

(16)

What Is UML?

1

(1)

Comparison with Other Virtualization Technologies

2

(1)

Why Virtual Machines?

3

(1)

A Bit of History

4

(4)

What Is UML Used For?

8

(6)

Server Consolidation

8

(2)

Education

10

(2)

Development

12

(1)

Disaster Recovery Practice

13

(1)

The Future

14

(3)

A Quick Look at UML

17

(22)

Booting UML for the First Time

20

(4)

Booting UML Successfully

24

(5)

Looking at a UML from the Inside and Outside

29

(8)

Conclusion

37

(2)

Exploring UML

39

(22)

Logging In as a Normal User

39

(1)

Consoles and Serial Lines

40

(7)

Adding Swap Space

47

(2)

Partitioned Disks

49

(4)

UML Disks as Raw Data

53

(1)

Networking

54

(5)

Shutting Down

59

(2)

A Second UML Instance

61

(22)

COW Files

61

(10)

Booting from COW Files

67

(2)

Moving a Backing File

69

(1)

Merging a COW File with Its Backing File

70

(1)

Networking the UML Instances

71

(8)

A Virtual Serial Line

79

(4)

Playing with a UML Instance

83

(18)

Use and Abuse of UML Block Devices

83

(4)

Networking and the Host

87

(14)

UML Filesystem Management

101

(20)

Mounting Host Directories within a UML

101

(13)

hostfs

104

(4)

humfs

108

(6)

Host Access to UML Filesystems

114

(2)

Making Backups

116

(1)

Extending Filesystems

117

(1)

When to Use What

118

(3)

UML Networking in Depth

121

(46)

Manually Setting Up Networking

121

(21)

TUN/TAP with Routing

121

(15)

Bridging

136

(6)

The UML Networking Transports

142

(13)

Access to the Host Network

143

(2)

Isolated Networks

145

(1)

pcap

145

(1)

How to Choose the Right Transport

146

(1)

Configuring the Transports

147

(8)

An Extended Example

155

(12)

A Multicast Network

155

(1)

A Second Multicast Network

156

(4)

Adding a uml_switch Network

160

(6)

Summary of the Networking Example

166

(1)

Managing UML Instances from the Host

167

(24)

The Management Console

167

(21)

MConsole Queries

168

(14)

The uml_mconsole Client

182

(1)

The MConsole Protocol

183

(2)

The MConsole Perl Library

185

(1)

Requests Handled in Process and Interrupt Contexts

186

(1)

MConsole Notifications

186

(2)

Controlling a UML Instance with Signals

188

(3)

Host Setup for a Small UML Server

191

(20)

Host Kernel Version

192

(2)

UML Execution Modes

194

(9)

tt Mode

197

(1)

skas3 Mode

198

(2)

skasO Mode

200

(1)

To Patch or Not to Patch?

201

(1)

Vanderpool and Pacifica

202

(1)

Managing Long-Lived UML Instances

203

(3)

Networking

206

(1)

UML Physical Memory

206

(2)

Host Memory Consumption

208

(1)

umid Directories

209

(1)

Overall Recommendations

209

(2)

Large UML Server Management

211

(22)

Security

212

(4)

UML Configuration

212

(4)

Jailing UML Instances

216

(7)

Providing Console Access Securely

223

(2)

skas3 versus skasO

225

(1)

Future Enhancements

226

(6)

sysemu

226

(1)

Ptrace_Faultinfo

227

(1)

Madv_Truncate

227

(3)

remap_file_pages

230

(1)

VCPU

231

(1)

Final Points

232

(1)

Compiling UML from Source

233

(18)

Downloading UML Source

234

(1)

Configuration

235

(14)

Useful Configuration Options

240

(9)

Compilation

249

(2)

Specialized UML Configurations

251

(24)

Large Numbers of Devices

252

(13)

Network Interfaces

252

(5)

Memory

257

(8)

Clusters

265

(8)

Getting Started

265

(3)

Booting the Cluster

268

(4)

Exercises

272

(1)

Other Clusters

273

(1)

UML as a Decision-Making Tool for Hardware

273

(2)

The Future of UML

275

(26)

The externfs Filesystem

277

(5)

Virtual Processes

282

(1)

Captive UML

283

(12)

Secure mod_perl

283

(3)

Evolution

286

(1)

Application Administration

287

(2)

A Standard Application Programming Interface

289

(1)

Application-Level Clustering

289

(6)

Virtualized Subsystems

295

(3)

Conclusion

298

(3)

A. UML Command-Line Options

301

(6)

Device and Hardware Specifications

301

(2)

Debugging Options

303

(1)

Management Options

304

(1)

Informational Options

305

(2)

B. UML Utilities Reference

307

(6)

humfsify

307

(1)

uml_moo

308

(1)

uml_mconsole

308

(2)

tunctl

310

(1)

uml_switch

311

(1)

Internal Utilities

312

(1)

Index

313

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

When I started the User Mode Linux (UML) project in 1999, I had no idea how large a project it would become or how much of my time it would end up consuming. As time went on, the UML user base grew, and people found new ways to use it. As a result of their requests, UML contains a number of features that would never have occurred to me. This book concentrates on the use of UML rather than its internals or plans for the future. I've tried to make it as easy as possible to get started with UML and put to good use all of the features my users induced me to add. Of course, I couldn't resist going into how UML works and what I have planned for its future. That would be too much to ask of any developer of any project. I hope this content adds to the book and the readers' understanding and appreciation of UML.

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User Mode Linux

User Mode Linux

0131865056

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