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Understanding And Managing Cybercrime

by: McQuade, Sam C., III

Understanding And Managing Cybercrime

by: McQuade, Sam C., III

ISBN 13:
9780205439737
ISBN 10:
020543973X
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 10/20/2005
Publisher: Prentice Hall

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Summary

Provides a general yet original overview of cybercrime and the legal, social, and technical issues that cybercrime presents.Understanding and Managing Cybercrimeis accessible to a wide audience and written at an introductory level for use in courses that focus on the challenges having to do with emergence, prevention, and control of high tech crime. It takes a multidisciplinary perspective, essential to full appreciation of the subject and in dealing with this very complex type of criminal activity. The text ties together various disciplines-information technology, the sociology/anthropology of cyberspace, computer security, deviance, law, criminal justice, risk management, and strategic thinking.

Preface

viii

Foreword by Charles Wellford

Acknowledgments

xii

PART ONE Understanding Cybercrime

(136)

1 Cybercrime: A New High-Tech Crime Paradigm

(27)

1.0 Introduction: What Is Cybercrime?

(2)

1.1 Understanding Human Behavior in Evolving Social and Technological Contexts

(6)

1.1.1 Relatively Normal versus Deviant Behavior

(4)

1.1.2 Normal versus Deviant Use of Information Technology

(2)

CYBER TALE 1.1 Inappropriate Use of Cell Phones in Public

(2)

1.1.3 Normalcy, Deviancy, and Crime in Cyberspace

(1)

1.2 High-Tech Crime Constructs and Terms

(6)

1.2.1 White Collar, Financial, and Organized Crime

(1)

1.2.2 The Emergence of Computer-Related Abuse and Crime

(2)

CYBER TALE 1.2 Policing without Desktop and Laptop Computers and Other IT Devices

(1)

1.2.3 Technology Fusion Brings about Cybercrime

(2)

CYBER TALE 1.3 Policing with Desktop and Laptop Computers and other IT Devices

(1)

1.3 The Importance of Defining and Understanding Crime Terms

(4)

1.3.1 What Is Cybercrime and Why Should We Care about It?

(2)

BOX 1.1 Definitional Constructs of High-Tech Crime

(2)

1.3.2 Creating, Complying with, and Enforcing Laws and Regulations

(1)

1.3.3 Research and Justice Systems Improvement

(1)

CYBER CASE 1.1 Why Definitions of Crime Matter: State of New York v. Robert Versaggi

(1)

1.4 Principles for Better Understanding Cybercrime and Future Crime Labels

(6)

1.4.1 Recognize and Accept that Views of Cybercrime Differ

(1)

1.4.2 Education and Training Helps Professionals Stay Informed

(1)

1.4.3 The Inter and Multidisciplinary Nature of Cybercrime and Organization of the Text

(4)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

(1)

References and Endnotes

(2)

2 Information and Other Assets in Need of Assurance

(34)

2.0 Introduction: What Are We Protecting?

(1)

2.1 Technology, Information, and Data in Justice and Security Management

(8)

2.1.1 Six Primary Characteristics of Information

(2)

BOX 2.1 Six Primary Characteristics of Data

(1)

2.1.2 Data versus Knowledge Management

(2)

2.1.3 Additional Knowledge and Data Considerations

(3)

2.2 Information Assurance

(7)

2.2.1 The Basic Prescription for What Is Needed: CIA

(3)

2.2.2 Becoming Pragmatic about Information Assurance

(3)

CYBER TALE 2.1 Who Can You Trust? Credit Card Fraud by "Friends"

(1)

2.3 Attack Dimensions

(6)

2.3.1 Cyber versus Physical Attacks and Security Systems

(1)

2.3.2 Insider versus Outsider Threats to Assets

(3)

CYBER CASE 2.1 A Phone Service—Scamming Prison Warden

(1)

CYBER CASE 2.2 A Collective of Money-Laundering Professionals

(1)

CYBER CASE 2.3 A Double Rip-off Mortgage Scheme

(1)

2.3.3 Diagnosing and Responding to Threats and Attacks

(1)

2.4 Critical Infrastructure Protection

(9)

2.4.1 What are Critical Infrastructures and Critical Information Infrastructures?

(2)

2.4.2 Conceptual and National Differences in Infrastructures

(1)

2.4.3 Critical Information Infrastructure Protection

(1)

2.4.4 Can the Net Be Taken Down?

(4)

Key Terms and Concepts

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

(1)

References and Endnotes

(2)

3 IT-Enabled Abuse, Attacks, and Crimes

(50)

3.0 Introduction: How Are Information Technologies Misused?

(1)

3.1 Types of Abuse, Attacks, and Crime

(34)

3.1.1 Writing and Distributing Malicious Code

(3)

BOX 3.1 Differences between Computer Viruses, Worms, and Trojans

(2)

3.1.2 Fraudulent Schemes and Theft

(8)

CYBER TALE 3.1 How One Student Avoided Being Defrauded Online

(2)

CYBER TALE 3.2 A Student Victim of Credit Card Fraud

(5)

3.1.3 Interfering with and Disrupting Computer Services

(4)

CYBER TALE 33 How One Student Fought Fraud with Fraud

(1)

CYBER TALE 3.4 Suckered as the Result of Porn Curiosity

(1)

CYBER TALE 3.5 Denial-of-Service Attacks Hit Gaming Website

(2)

3.1.4 Computer Spying and Intrusions

(7)

CYBER TALE 3.6 Free and Illegal Phone Phreaking

(1)

CYBER TALE 3.7 The Infamous Back Orifice Remote Control Tool

(3)

3.1.5 Unauthorized and Illegal File Sharing

(3)

3.1.6 Abuse of Computers and Electronic Devices in Academia

(4)

CYBER TALE 3.8 Mass-Distributed Illegal File Sharing

(3)

3.1.7 Online Harassment and Computer-Enabled Sex Crimes

(5)

CYBER CASE 3.1 Online Harassment via a Website Soliciting Sex

(2)

CYBER CASE 3.2 Cyberstalking Star Trek Voyager's Seven of Nine

(2)

3.2 Evolving Forms of Cybercrimes, Attacks, and Conflict

(10)

3.2.1 Emerging Crime and Attack Trends

(3)

3.2.2 Futuristic Forms of Cyber Conflict

102

(12)

CYBER TALE 3.9 Installation of Multiple Alien Servers

103

(5)

Key Terms and Concepts

108

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

109

(1)

References and Endnotes

109

(4)

4 Computer Abusers and Cybercriminals

113

(24)

4.0 Introduction: Who Commits Computer Abuse and Cybercrime?

113

(1)

4.1 Behavioral and Social Traits of Abusers, Attackers, and Criminals

114

(10)

4.1.1 Social Engineering Tactics

114

(3)

CYBER TALE 4.1 Victimized by a Social Engineering Friend

116

(1)

4.1.2 The Adversarial SKRAM Model

117

(5)

CYBER TALE 4.2 Three Friends, of Whom Two Were Hackers

117

(2)

CYBER TALE 4.3 Juvenile Geek Paid for Corporate Espionage and Sabotage

119

(3)

4.1.3 What Cybercriminals Fear

122

(2)

CYBER TALE 4.4 SKRAM Needed to Create and Use Fake Ids

122

(2)

4.2 Categorizing Cyber Abusers, Attackers, and Criminals

124

(9)

4.2.1 Stereotypical and Other Adversary Profiles

126

(3)

4.2.2 Who Are Cybercriminals Really?

129

(2)

4.2.3 A More Comprehensive Categorization Schema

131

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

133

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

133

(1)

References and Endnotes

134

(3)

PART TWO Theoretical and Social Perspectives on Cybercrime

137

(134)

5 Theories of Computer-Enabled Abuse and Crime

139

(46)

5.0 Introduction: Why Do People Commit Cyber Abuse and Crime?

139

(2)

5.1 Theories: The Building Blocks of Knowledge and Understanding

141

(2)

5.1.1 The Practicality of Good Theories

141

(1)

5.1.2 The Process of Knowledge-Building

142

(1)

5.1.3 General Criminological Explanations of Cybercrime

142

(1)

5.2 Classical/Choice Theory

143

(4)

5.2.1 Rational Choice Theory

144

(1)

5.2.2 General Deterrence Theory

144

(3)

CYBER TALE 5.1 People Can and Sometimes Do Choose to Change Their Criminal Ways

144

(3)

5.2.3 Routine Activities Theory

147

(1)

5.3 Trait Theory

147

(8)

BOX 5.1 Major Strengths and Limitations of Classical Criminology

148

(2)

5.3.1 Arousal Theory

150

(2)

5.3.2 Cognitive Theory

152

(1)

5.3.3 Behavioral Theory

153

(2)

5.4 Social Process Theory

155

(8)

BOX 5.2 Major Strengths and Limitations of Trait Theories

155

(1)

5.4.1 Social Control Theories

156

(1)

5.4.2 Social Learning Theories

157

(2)

5.4.3 Neutralization Theory

159

(2)

5.4.4 Labeling Theory

161

(1)

5.4.5 Differential Enforcement

162

(1)

BOX 5.3 Major Strengths and Limitations of Social Process Theories

162

(1)

CYBER TALE 5.2 Negative Labels as Badges of Honor

162

(1)

5.5 Social Structure Theory

163

(3)

5.5.1 General Social Structure Theory

164

(1)

5.5.2 Social Disorganization Theory

164

(1)

5.5.3 Strain Theories

165

(1)

5.5.4 Cultural Deviance Theory

166

(1)

5.6 Conflict Theory

166

(8)

BOX 5.4 Major Strengths and Limitations of Social Structure Theories

167

(1)

5.6.1 General Conflict Theory

168

(1)

5.6.2 Marxist Criminology

169

(2)

CYBER CASE 5.1 The Case of Unabomber Ted Kaczynski

169

(1)

CYBER CASE 5.2 The Presidential Pardoning of Financier Mark Rich

170

(1)

5.6.3 Other Conflict Theories of Crime

171

(3)

CYBER CASE 5.3 Making an Example of Martha Stewart?

171

(3)

5.7 Integrated and Technological Theories

174

(6)

5.7.1 Overview of Integrated Theories

174

(2)

BOX 5.5 Major Strengths and Weaknesses of Conflict Theory

174

(1)

CYBER TALE 5.3 Which Theories Help Explain This Criminal Behavior?

175

(1)

5.7.2 Technology-Enabled Crime, Policing, and Security

176

(10)

CYBER CASE 5.4 New Crime: Fictitious Characters Socially Engineer Real-World Stabbing

177

(1)

BOX 5.6 Strengths and Limitations of Integrated and Technological Theories

178

(2)

Key Terms and Concepts

180

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

181

(1)

References and Endnotes

182

(3)

6 The Social and Economic Impacts of Cybercrime

185

(34)

6.0 Introduction: Who Is Harmed and by How Much Cybercrime?

185

(1)

6.1 The Human and Financial Costs of Computer Abuse and Cybercrime

186

(6)

6.1.1 Victimization Concepts

187

(3)

CYBER TALE 6.1 How Victimization Can Lead to Cybercrime

189

(1)

6.1.2 Harm Experienced by Victims of Cybercrime

190

(2)

CYBER CASE 6.1 Cybercrime as Nonviolent Property Crime

191

(1)

6.2 How Much Cybercrime Is There?

192

(18)

6.2.1 Primary Means of Generating Crime Statistics

193

(4)

CYBER TALE 6.2 An Examination of Early Uniform Crime Reports

194

(3)

6.2.2 Overview of Major IT-Enabled Abuse and Crime Studies

197

(4)

6.2.3 Research by U.S. Organizations that Track Cybercrime

201

(2)

6.2.4 Economic Estimates and Impact Studies of Cybercrime

203

(7)

CYBER TALE 6.3 A Worldwide Online Auction Scam

205

(2)

CYBER TALE 6.4 What Are the Economic Impacts of Spam?

207

(3)

6.3 Why Research the Nature and Extent of Cybercrime?

210

(5)

6.3.1 The General State of Research on Cybercrime

210

(2)

6.3.2 Types of Research Needed on Cybercrime

212

(3)

Key Terms and Concepts

215

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

215

(1)

References and Endnotes

216

(3)

7 Emerging and Controversial Cybercrime Issues

219

(52)

7.0 Introduction: How is IT Creating New Opportunities for Cybercrime?

219

(2)

7.1 Emerging Potential for IT-Enabled Abuse and Cybercrime

221

(9)

7.1.1 Transformations in Academic Education and Professional Training

221

(1)

7.1.2 Online Banking and E-Commerce

222

(3)

CYBER TALE 7.1 Benefits and Risks of Online Auctions

224

(1)

7.1.3 Meeting and Courting Significant Others Online

225

(1)

7.1.4 IT-Enabled Democratization

226

(4)

CYBER TALE 7.2 An Obsessive Cyber Spooning Love Affair

227

(3)

7.2 Controversial Cybercrime-Related Issues

230

(35)

7.2.1 The Computer Hacker Subculture

232

(4)

CYBER TALE 7.3 How the Movie Hackers Inspired One Student to Abuse Computers

234

(2)

7.2.2 The Open Source Community

236

(2)

BOX 7.1 The Death of Cyberpunk

236

(2)

7.2.3 Electronic Gaming Enclaves

238

(4)

7.2.4 Online Pornography

242

(5)

7.2.5 Information Privacy Protections and Infringement

247

(28)

BOX 7.2 A Discredited Study on the Amount Internet Pornography

247

(13)

BOX 7.3 Real-Time Electronic Surveillance, Tracking, and Recording Capabilities Relative k Behavioral, Investigative, and Security Functions

260

(4)

BOX 7.4 Basic Principles for Safeguarding Information Privacy

264

(1)

Key Terms and Concepts

265

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

266

(1)

References and Endnotes

267

(4)

PART THREE Managing Cybercrime

271

(220)

8 Cyber Laws and Regulations

273

(58)

8.0 Introduction: How Does Society Prohibit Cybercrime?

273

(2)

8.1 The Rationale and Reach of Cyber Laws and Regulations

275

(12)

8.1.1 Legal Philosophies

276

(2)

8.1.2 Concepts of Due Process and Legal Jurisprudence

278

(3)

8.1.3 International Agreements for Managing Cybercrime

281

(6)

BOX 8.1 Determining Jurisdiction in Cyber Suits: Zippo Manufacturing v. Zippo.com

281

(5)

CYBER CASE 8.1 Operation Buccaneer Targets International Warez Groups

286

(1)

8.2 Bodies of Law Pertaining to IT and Cybercrime Issues

287

(16)

CYBER CASE 8.2 International Computer Gaming Bust

287

(1)

8.2.1 Constitutional Law and Case Law

288

(4)

BOX 8.2 The U.S. Constitution and its Amendments

289

(2)

CYBER CASE 8.3 ACLU v. Reno: Striking Down of the Communications Decency Act

291

(1)

8.2.2 Criminal Law

292

(2)

8.2.3 Administrative and Regulatory Law

294

(1)

CYBER CASE 8.4 Code Writer Faces Federal Prosecution

294

(1)

8.2.4 Intellectual Property (IP) Law

295

(6)

8.2.5 Tort Law

301

(2)

BOX 8.3 Types of Intellectual Property Law Protections

301

(2)

8.3 How Laws and Regulations Are Created and Administered

303

(8)

8.3.1 Legislative Bills and Executive Approval

305

(1)

8.3.2 Implementation and Enforcement of Laws and Regulations

306

(1)

8.3.3 Federal Regulatory Agencies with InfoSec Oversight Responsibilities

307

(4)

8.4 Key Federal Cybercrime Laws and Information Security Regulations

311

(16)

8.4.1 Laws Specifying Illegal Use of Computers and Electronic Devices

312

(3)

8.4.2 Laws that Facilitate or Limit Cybercrime Investigations

315

(5)

8.4.3 Laws Protecting Children from Online Pornography

320

(2)

8.4.4 Laws Specifying Information Security Requirements

322

(1)

8.4.5 Laws Affording Privacy Protections

323

(4)

Key Terms and Concepts

327

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

327

(1)

References and Endnotes

328

(3)

9 Investigating and Prosecuting Cybercrime

331

(75)

9.0 Introduction: What Happens When Cybercrime Laws Are Broken?

331

(2)

9.1 Collaborative Criminal Justice System Responses to Cybercrime

333

(8)

9.1.1 Roles of Public Law Enforcement and Private Security

335

(2)

9.1.2 Dedicated Cybercrime Investigation and Prosecution Units

337

(2)

9.1.3 Key Investigative and Technical Assistance Agencies

339

(2)

9.2 Legal Issues Governing Investigative Procedures

341

(20)

9.2.1 Evidentiary Challenges Faced by Investigators and Prosecutors

342

(8)

9.2.2 Physical and Cyber Monitoring, Surveillance, and Investigative Operations

350

(11)

BOX 9.1 Mapp v. Ohio Results in Nationwide Exclusionary Rule

353

(8)

9.3 Crime Scene Processing and Evidence Management

361

(23)

9.3.1 Responding to and Protecting the Crime Scene

361

(6)

BOX 9.2 Typical Crime Scene Processing Equipment

364

(2)

CYBER TALE 9.1 Searching for Physical and Electronic Evidence of Counterfeiting

366

(1)

9.3.2 Collecting and Preserving Physical and Electronic Evidence

367

(13)

BOX 9.3 Controversy and Evidentiary Challenges of Child Porn Morphing

371

(6)

CYBER CASE 9.1 The Challenge of Putting a Cybercriminal Behind a Keyboard

377

(3)

9.3.3 Interviewing Victims, Witnesses, and Cybercriminals

380

(4)

9.4 Prosecuting Cybercriminals

384

(17)

9.4.1 Pretrial Procedures and Hearings

386

(4)

9.4.2 Trial Procedures and the Art of Presenting Evidence

390

(6)

9.4.3 Trial Verdicts, Sentencing Policies, and Appeals

396

(5)

Key Terms and Concepts

401

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

402

(1)

References and Endnotes

403

(3)

10 Preventing Cybercrime with Information Security

406

(1)

10.0 Introduction: How Can We Better Protect our Computer Systems and Data?

406

(2)

10.1 Personal and Organizational Information Security

408

(31)

10.1.1 What Every Person Should Know about Information Security

410

(25)

CYBER TALE 10.1 A Security Lesson about Purchasing Inferior Technology

413

(5)

CYBER TALE 10.2 A Case of Sloppy Password Administration

418

(3)

CYBER TALE 10.3 Software Firewall Programs May Not Provide Complete Protection

421

(1)

CYBER TALE 10.4 The Importance of Patch Management

422

(1)

CYBER TALE 10.5 Backup Data Only on Trusted Media!

423

(6)

CYBER TALE 10.6 Broadband Connectivity: Learn to be a Savvy ISP Customer

429

(1)

CYBER TALE 10.7 Avoid Being Swindled in Online Auction Fraud

429

(4)

CYBER TALE 10.8 A Security Conscious Traveling Executive

433

(2)

10.1.2 Assuring Protection of Information in Organizations

435

(4)

10.2 Advancing the Security Posture of Organizations

439

(15)

10.2.1 Security Change Procedures

440

(3)

10.2.2 Risk Management

443

(16)

BOX 10.1 Due Care and Diligence

444

(3)

CYBER TALE 10.9 The Need for Computer Use and Security Policies

447

(7)

Key Terms and Concepts

454

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

455

(1)

References and Endnotes

455

(2)

11 Future Opportunities for Managing Cybercrime

457

(1)

11.0 Introduction: Where Can We Go from Here?

457

(2)

11.1 What More Can Government Do to Prevent Cybercrime?

459

(15)

11.1.1 Preparing to Manage Cybercrime

461

(5)

BOX 11.1 Actions Government Can Take to Prevent and Control Cybercrime, Improve Information Security Capabilities Nationally, and Protect Critical Information Infrastructure

462

(4)

11.1.2 Getting Set and Moving Forward

466

(8)

CYBER TALE 11.1 Information Insecurity at ChoicePoint

470

(4)

11.2 Computer Ethics Education and Intolerance of Cybercrime

474

(14)

11.2.1 The Philosophy of Ethics

474

(3)

BOX 11.2 Get Ahead by Joining a Professional Membership Association

475

(1)

BOX 11.3 Not Everyone Likes Using Computers

475

(2)

11.2.2 Classical Ethics Theories

477

(4)

CYBER TALE 11.2 Unethical Employment Practices: Don't Get Burned!

480

(1)

11.2.3 Computer Ethics

481

(7)

BOX 11.4 Is It Ethical to Use a Work Computer for Personal Reasons?

484

(4)

Key Terms and Concepts

488

(1)

Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

488

(1)

References and Endnotes

489

(2)

Appendix: Cyber Stakeholders and Online Resources

491

(2)

Index

493

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Understanding And Managing Cybercrime

Understanding And Managing Cybercrime

9780205439737

020543973X

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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