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Understanding Ethnic Conflict : The International Dimension

ISBN: 9780321085948 | 0321085949
Edition: 2nd
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Longman
Pub. Date: 1/1/2002

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SummaryTable of ContentsAuthor Biography
The completely updated new edition of this groundbreaking text provides students with a clear analytical framework for understanding ethnic conflicts and how they affect international relations. This text surveys theories of nationalism and ethnic conflict and tests their applicability to a number of contemporary cases: the more confident nationalism of Putin's Russia, the intensification of ethnic war in Sri Lanka, and the struggle to change the face of nationalism in the former Yugoslavia, to name just a few. After a look at the sources of nationalist conflict in a country, each case study then asks how the international system reacted. Taken as a whole, the book examines how successful the international system has been in managing the many ethnic conflicts that erupted after the Cold War. The conclusion of the new edition focuses on the dilemma facing U.S. foreign policy makers as the Bush administration begins: whether and where to intervene to combat ultra-nationalism and promote liberal internationalism.
Preface: Nationalism at the Beginning of a New Millenniumxiii
Acknowledgmentsxvii
PART I ETHNIC CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Ethnic Conflict on the World Stage
1... MORE
Ethnic Conflict after the Cold War
1(3)
The Formation and Persistence of Ethnic Identity
4(2)
Definitions
6(3)
The Political Mobilization of Ethnic Groups
9(1)
Indirect Theories of Ethnic Political Mobilization
10(6)
Negative Theories of Integration
10(2)
Negative Theories of Cohesion
12(3)
Indirect Theories of Disintegration
15(1)
Direct Theories of Ethnic Political Mobilization
16(3)
The Primordialist Approach
16(1)
The Internal Colonialism Approach
17(1)
The Communalist Approach
18(1)
Ethnic Political Mobilization: Aims and Objectives
19(6)
Spiraling to Violent Ethnic Conflict
25(6)
Ethnic Conflict as a Result of Ancient Hatred
25(2)
Ethnic Conflict as a Fallout of International Conflict
27(1)
Ethnic Conflict as a Consequence of the Security Dilemma and of Collective Fears of the Future
28(2)
Ethnic Conflict as a Result of Elite Manipulation of Mass Sentiment
30(1)
Ethnic Conflict and International Relations
31(11)
Ethnic Conflict and Intenational Norms
42(28)
Introduction
42(1)
International Norms Affecting Ethnonationalism and Secession
43(10)
The Doctrine of State Sovereignty
43(6)
Self-Determination and Ethnosecessionist Movements
49(4)
The General Case for Secession: Obsolescence of the State
53(5)
Moral Grounds That Justify Secession
58(6)
The Emerging Global Regime on Ethnic Minorities
64(1)
Conclusion
65(5)
Ethnic Conflict and International Security
70(22)
Introduction
70(1)
The Internationalization of Ethnic Conflict
70(14)
Diplomatic Activity of Ethnonationalists and States Confronted with Ethnic Conflict
71(5)
Partisan External Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts
76(7)
Ethnic Conflict and International Terrorism
83(1)
Ethnic Conflict and Refugee Flows
84(1)
The Ethnicization of International Politics
84(3)
Globalization, Interdependence, and Ethnic Conflicts
85(1)
The Link Between Arms Trading, Drug Trafficking, and Ethnic Conflict
86(1)
Conclusion
87(5)
Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Through International Intervention
92(34)
Why Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Is Important
92(1)
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by International Third Parties
92(5)
Peacekeeping
93(1)
Peacemaking
94(3)
Peacebuilding
97(1)
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by the United Nations
97(15)
The United Nations as a Peacekeeper
99(4)
The United Nations as a Peacemaker
103(3)
The United Nations as a Peacebuilder
106(3)
The UN Agenda in the Twenty-first Century
109(3)
States as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution
112(5)
Major Powers and Ethnic Conflict Resolution
112(3)
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by Third-World Regional Powers
115(2)
Regional Organizations as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution
117(2)
International Nongovernmental Organizations as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution
119(1)
Conclusion
120(6)
PART II CASE STUDIES
Nationalism and the Collapse of an Empire: The Soviet Union, Russia, and Chechnya
126(30)
The Breakdown of Empires
126(2)
Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur?
128(17)
Soviet Imperialism and Great Russian Nationalism
128(3)
Democratization as a Source of Ethnic Conflict
131(1)
The Conflict of Identities
132(2)
Nationalist Mobilization in Post-Soviet Russia
134(2)
The Core Ideas of Russian Nationalism
136(1)
Russian Nationalists Resurgent
137(2)
Russia's New Minorities
139(1)
Russia and Chechnya
140(3)
Chechen Ethnosecessionism
143(2)
International Reaction
145(2)
Noninternationalization of the Chechen Conflict
147(3)
Third-party Mediation in Chechnya
150(2)
Conclusion
152(4)
Separatist Movements in Constitutional Democracies: Canada and Quebec Nationalism
156(26)
Introduction
156(1)
Why Has Ethnic Conflict Occured? Sources of Quebec Nationalism
157(25)
British Colonization
158(2)
Confederation
160(1)
Economic Stagnation
160(1)
Conscription Crises
161(1)
Disputed Borders
161(1)
Society in Transformation
162(1)
The Quiet Revolution
162(2)
Quebec's Exclusion from the Canadian Constitution
164(1)
The Failure to Bring Quebec Back in
165(2)
The Growth of the Sovereignty Movement
167(2)
The Canadian Supreme Court on Secession
169(3)
Why Peaceful Secession Is Rare
172(2)
International Reaction
174(1)
Can a Constitutional Dispute Be Internationalized?
175(3)
Is External Mediation Possible in Canada?
178(4)
Protracted Ethnic Wars: The Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict in Sri Lanka
182(30)
Introduction
182(1)
Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur in Sri Lanka?
182(8)
Historical, Cultural, and Religious Issues
183(2)
The Issue of Language
185(1)
Economic Issues
186(1)
The Political Fallout
187(1)
The Drift Toward Tamil Militancy
188(2)
The Escalation of Ethnic Violence in the 1980s
190(1)
International Reaction Toward Sri Lanka's Ethnic War
190(1)
International Covert Involvement in Sri Lanka
191(2)
Other International Aspects of Sri Lanka's Ethnic Conflict
193(1)
Resolution Attempt: International Third-party Action in Sri Lanka
193(9)
The Parthasarathy Initiative and the All-Party Conference
194(1)
The Thimpu Talks
195(1)
The December 19 Proposals
196(1)
The Indo-Sri Lankan Accord
196(2)
Tamil-Sinhalese Reactions to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord
198(1)
Implementation of the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord
198(3)
Why Did India's Resolution Attempt Fail in Sri Lanka?
201(1)
Withdrawal of the IPKF and the Entrenchment of the Ethnic Civil War in Sri Lanka
202(2)
Changing International Perception of Sri Lanka's Ethnic Civil War
204(3)
Conclusion
207(5)
Weak States and Ethnic Conflict: Secessionism and State Collapse in Africa
212(23)
Introduction
212(1)
Weak States
213(2)
Secessionism in Ethiopia
215(12)
Sources of Conflict: The Colonial Legacy
215(2)
Pan-Africanism and Pan-Ethiopianism
217(1)
Military Repression
217(1)
Ethiopia's Collapse, Eritrea's Independence
218(2)
The Resilience of Ethnic Schisms: Renewed War Between the Two States
220(2)
International Reaction to Eritrean Independence
222(1)
Internationalization
222(3)
External Mediation
225(2)
Weak States, Politicized Identities in Central Africa
227(4)
Conclusion
231(4)
When International Actors Engineer Separation: The Breaking Up of Yugoslavia
235(23)
Introduction
235(3)
Wars in a Disintegrating Yugoslavia
238(6)
War in Bosnia
241(2)
The Conflict in Kosovo
243(1)
International Prevarication on Yugoslavia
244(6)
Third-party Interventions in Former Yugoslavia: Ever Closer to Belgrade
245(1)
Bosnia
245(2)
Kosovo
247(3)
International Peace Keeping: Too Much Too Late?
250(5)
Bosnia
250(2)
Kosovo
252(3)
Conclusion
255(3)
The U.S. Response to Nationalism: To Intervene or not to Intervene?
258(19)
Studying Postbipolar Policymaking
258(1)
The American Experience as Foreign Policy Influence
259(4)
Cultural Diversity
259(3)
Cultural Pathways
262(1)
Justifying U.S. Interventionism in Ethnic Conflicts
263(6)
Promoting Liberal Internationalism
263(2)
Self-interest: Preempting Conflicts to Maintain Prosperity and Stability
265(3)
Activism to Promote Integration
268(1)
Opposing U.S. Activism
269(3)
Conclusion
272(5)
Selected Bibliography277(8)
Glossary285(12)
Index297
Ray Taras is professor of political science at Tulane University in New Orleans Rajat Ganguly is Lecturer in the School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, in Norwich, England

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