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Theories of Personality (with InfoTrac)

ISBN: 9780534619831 | 0534619835
Edition: 8th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 6/23/2003

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SummaryTable of Contents
Thoroughly updated to include the latest research references, Richard Ryckman's "theory-by-theory" approach to personality carefully guides students through major theories in a way that helps them develop a comprehensive understanding of personality. Ryckman's personal writing style presents the major theories in a straightforward way--helping readers more easily distinguish between them. At the beginning of the text, Ryckman provides a framework that defines personality, and emphasizes the science of personality (including the interrelation be... MORE
Prefacexvii
PART ONE An Introduction to the Discipline
1(26)
Personality and the Scientific Outlook
2(25)
... MORE
Why Study Personality?
2(2)
Defining Personality
4(1)
The Scientific Study of Personality
5(1)
Building Scientific Theories
6(2)
Inductive versus Deductive Approaches
6(2)
The Establishment of Laws
8(1)
Testing the Theories: Research Methods
8(9)
Experimental Method
9(2)
Correlational Method
11(4)
Case-Study Method
15(2)
Criteria for Evaluating Scientific Theories
17(3)
Critical Thinking Questions
20(1)
Glossary
21(3)
Suggested Readings
24(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
25(2)
PART TWO Psychoanalytic and Neoanalytic Perspectives
27(228)
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
32(42)
Biographical Sketch
32(4)
Concepts and Principles
36(9)
The Role of Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious Forces in Personality
36(1)
Instincts: The Driving Forces in Personality
37(2)
Structural Theory of Personality and Its Dynamics
39(2)
Defense Mechanisms
41(4)
Personality Development
45(10)
The Theory of Psychosexual Development
45(5)
Character Types
50(1)
Research Evidence for the Theory of Psychosexual Development
51(4)
Assessment Techniques
55(6)
Free Association
55(3)
Dream Analysis
58(1)
Transference
59(2)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
61(3)
Evaluative Comments
64(4)
Critical Thinking Questions
68(1)
Glossary
69(4)
Suggested Readings
73(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
73(1)
Jung's Analytical Psychology
74(37)
Biographical Sketch
74(3)
Concepts and Principles
77(19)
The Psyche
78(2)
Archetypes
80(8)
The Theory of Psychological Types
88(8)
Personality Development
96(2)
Self-Realization
96(1)
Neurosis and Psychosis
97(1)
Assessment Techniques
98(4)
Dream Analysis
98(2)
Method of Amplification
100(1)
Word Association Test
101(1)
Painting Therapy
101(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
102(2)
Evaluative Comments
104(3)
Critical Thinking Questions
107(1)
Glossary
107(3)
Suggested Readings
110(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
110(1)
Adler's Individual Psychology
111(27)
Biographical Sketch
111(2)
Concepts and Principles
113(5)
The Struggle for Perfection
114(1)
Creative Evolution and Social Interest
115(1)
Feelings of Inferiority and the Striving for Superiority
116(2)
Style of Life and the Creative Self
118(1)
Personality Development
118(11)
Parental Influence in Early Childhood
118(2)
Birth Order
120(1)
Birth Order Research Evidence
121(5)
Development of a Destructive Lifestyle
126(1)
Development of a Constructive Lifestyle
127(1)
Adler's Four Major Lifestyle Types
127(2)
Assessment Techniques
129(3)
Early Recollections
129(2)
Dream Analysis
131(1)
Birth-Order Analysis
131(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
132(1)
Evaluative Comments
133(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
135(1)
Glossary
135(1)
Suggested Readings
136(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
137(1)
Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis
138(32)
Biographical Sketch
138(3)
Concepts and Principles
141(11)
Hypercompetitiveness: The Unfailing Center of Neurosis
141(2)
The Etiology of Neuroses in the Family
143(1)
The Use of Neurotic Strategies to Cope with Feelings of Basic Anxiety
143(5)
The Three Basic Neurotic Trends
148(1)
The Basic Conflict in Neurosis
149(3)
Personality Development
152(10)
Horney's Critique of Freud
152(4)
Horney's Humanistic View of Development
156(4)
Empirical Evidence: Irrational Beliefs and Psychopathology
160(2)
Assessment Techniques
162(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
163(1)
Evaluative Comments
164(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
166(1)
Glossary
167(1)
Suggested Readings
168(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
169(1)
Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology
170(40)
Biographical Sketch
170(5)
Concepts and Principles
175(2)
Ego Psychology: Liberalizing the Psychoanalytic Position
175(1)
The Epigenetic Principle
176(1)
Personality Development
177(22)
The Stages of Ego Development
177(10)
Research Support for the Theory of Ego Development
187(12)
Assessment Techniques
199(2)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
201(2)
Evaluative Comments
203(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
205(1)
Glossary
206(3)
Suggested Readings
209(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
209(1)
Kohut's Self Psychology
210(45)
Biographical Sketch
210(2)
Concepts and Principles
212(2)
Self Psychology: The Newest Development in Classical Psychoanalysis
212(1)
Self Psychology as Object-Relations Theory
213(1)
Personality Development
214(23)
Pre-Oedipal Development of the Nuclear Self
214(5)
Pre-Oedipal Development: The Oral and Anal Stages
219(1)
Oedipal Development: The Phallic Stage
220(2)
Post-Oedipal Development: The Latency and Genital Stages
222(2)
Disturbances to the Self
224(2)
Typology for Narcissistic Personality and Behavior Disorders
226(4)
The Role of Narcissism in the Development of the Self
230(3)
Research Support for the Theory of Self Development
233(4)
Assessment Techniques
237(4)
Empathy as the Primary Data Collection Tool
237(1)
Free Association
238(1)
Dream Analysis
238(1)
Transference
239(2)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
241(3)
Evaluative Comments
244(4)
Critical Thinking Questions
248(1)
Glossary
249(4)
Suggested Readings
253(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
253(2)
PART THREE Trait Perspectives
255(122)
Allport's Trait Theory
262(28)
Biographical Sketch
262(2)
Concepts and Principles
264(5)
A Humanistic View of Personality
264(2)
The Theory of Traits
266(1)
What Is a Trait?
267(2)
Personality Development
269(10)
The Proprium, or Self
269(4)
Development of the Mature Personality
273(1)
Functional Autonomy
274(1)
Characteristics of Maturity
275(2)
The Role of Religion as a Unifying Philosophy of Life
277(1)
Study of Values
278(1)
Assessment Techniques
279(5)
Idiographic versus Nomothetic Approach
279(2)
An Idiographic Analysis
281(3)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
284(1)
Evaluative Comments
285(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
287(1)
Glossary
288(1)
Suggested Readings
289(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
289(1)
Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory
290(46)
Biographical Sketch
290(2)
Concepts and Principles
292(24)
Approach to Theory Building
292(2)
Methodology: Factor Analysis
294(4)
Defining Personality
298(1)
Classifying Traits
298(3)
Major Source Traits or Primary Factors
301(6)
Research with the 16 PF
307(1)
Major Global or Second-Order Factors
308(1)
The Major Abnormal Traits
309(1)
Dynamic Traits and the Dynamic Lattice
309(4)
The Econetic Model
313(1)
Dynamic Calculus
314(2)
Personality Development
316(6)
The Role of Heredity and Environment
316(1)
The Role of Learning
317(2)
Theory of Abnormal Development
319(3)
Assessment Techniques
322(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
323(1)
Beyondism: A New Morality Based on Science
324(5)
Evaluative Comments
329(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
331(1)
Glossary
332(3)
Suggested Readings
335(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
335(1)
Eysenck's Biological Typology
336(41)
Biographical Sketch
336(3)
Concepts and Principles
339(17)
Identifying and Measuring the Main Dimensions of Personality
340(7)
Inhibition Theory
347(1)
Arousal Theory
348(8)
Personality Development
356(7)
The Role of Heredity
356(1)
The Role of Socialization
357(2)
Intelligence, Heredity, and Social Policy
359(4)
Assessment Techniques
363(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
364(6)
Acquisition of Neurotic Behavior through Classical Conditioning
365(1)
Elimination of Neurotic Behavior through Counterconditioning
365(3)
Use of Behavior Therapy to Eliminate Disorders
368(2)
Evaluative Comments
370(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
372(1)
Glossary
373(2)
Suggested Readings
375(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
376(1)
PART FOUR Cognitive Perspectives
377(38)
Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs
380(35)
Biographical Sketch
380(2)
Concepts and Principles
382(9)
Constructive Alternativism
382(1)
Every Person as Scientist
383(1)
The Nature of Constructs and Construing
384(1)
Additional Characteristics of Constructs
385(3)
The Fundamental Postulate and Its Corollaries
388(3)
Personality Development
391(2)
Assessment Techniques
393(6)
The Role Construct Repertory Test
393(3)
Research Applications of the RCRT
396(3)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
399(9)
The Role of the Therapist
399(3)
The Therapeutic Conference and Role Playing
402(1)
Self-Characterization Sketches and Fixed-Role Therapy
403(2)
Assessment and Treatment of Schizophrenics
405(3)
Evaluative Comments
408(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
410(1)
Glossary
411(1)
Suggested Readings
412(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
413(2)
PART FIVE Humanistic/Existential Perspectives
415(84)
Maslow's Self-Actualization Position
420(25)
Biographical Sketch
420(3)
Concepts and Principles
423(10)
Humanistic Biology and Self-Actualization
423(1)
The Hierarchy of Human Needs
423(7)
B-Cognition and Actualization
430(1)
Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People
431(2)
Personality Development
433(1)
Assessment Techniques
434(5)
Identifying Self-Actualizers
434(1)
The Personal Orientation Inventory
435(3)
Research Applications of the POI
438(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
439(1)
Evaluative Comments
440(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
442(1)
Glossary
443(1)
Suggested Readings
444(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
444(1)
Rogers's Person-Centered Theory
445(29)
Biographical Sketch
445(3)
Concepts and Principles
448(1)
The Fundamental Perspective: The Person's Experiences as the Ultimate Authority
448(1)
The Master Motive: Self-Actualizing Tendency
448(1)
Personality Development
449(8)
The Valuing Process in Infants
449(2)
The Valuing Process in Adults
451(1)
The Fully Functioning Person
452(2)
The Social Self and the True Self
454(2)
Empirical Support for the Self Theory
456(1)
Assessment Techniques
457(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
458(6)
Therapeutic Conditions That Facilitate Growth
459(3)
Empirical Support for the Theory of Therapy
462(2)
Theory's Implications for Education
464(2)
Theory's Implications for Marriage
466(3)
Evaluative Comments
469(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
471(1)
Glossary
471(1)
Suggested Readings
472(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
473(1)
May's Existential-Analytic Position
474(25)
Biographical Sketch
474(2)
Concepts and Principles
476(13)
What Is Existentialism?
476(4)
Existentialism and Psychoanalysis
480(2)
Three Modes of Being-in-the-World
482(1)
Values Disintegration in Modern Society and the Loss of Our Moral Compass
483(3)
Emptiness and Loneliness
486(1)
The Emergence of Anxiety
487(1)
The Expansion of Consciousness
488(1)
Personality Development
489(2)
Assessment Techniques
491(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
492(2)
The Goal of Therapy
492(1)
The Case of Mrs. Hutchens
492(2)
Evaluative Comments
494(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
495(1)
Glossary
496(1)
Suggested Readings
497(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
497(2)
PART SIX Social-Behavioristic Perspectives
499(114)
Skinner's Operant Analysis
505(47)
Biographical Sketch
505(3)
Concepts and Principles
508(16)
Scientific Behaviorism
508(2)
Free Will versus Determinism
510(2)
Personality from the Perspective of a Radical Behaviorist
512(1)
Operant Conditioning
513(11)
Personality Development
524(2)
A Schedule-of-Reinforcement Approach
524(1)
The Development of Normal and Abnormal Personalities
525(1)
Assessment Techniques
526(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
527(11)
Psychopathology and Behavior Modification
527(1)
Discrimination Training
527(2)
Time Out from Reinforcement
529(9)
Theory's Implications for Education
538(3)
Theory's Implications for Society
541(4)
Evaluative Comments
545(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
547(1)
Glossary
548(3)
Suggested Readings
551(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
551(1)
Rotter's Expectancy-Reinforcement Value Model
552(27)
Biographical Sketch
552(1)
Concepts and Principles
553(6)
Motivation
554(2)
Social-Learning Concepts
556(3)
Personality Development
559(2)
Assessment Techniques
561(11)
Internal/External Control and the I-E Scale
563(1)
Research on I-E
564(8)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
572(3)
Evaluative Comments
575(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
576(1)
Glossary
577(1)
Suggested Readings
578(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
578(1)
Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory
579(34)
Biographical Sketch
579(1)
Concepts and Principles
580(16)
Assumptions of the Social-Cognitive Approach
580(3)
Modeling Theory
583(2)
Aggression and Violence in Films, Television, and Video Games
585(1)
Research Evidence for Aggression and Violence in Our Society
586(4)
Efficacy Expectations
590(3)
Research on Self-Efficacy
593(3)
Personality Development
596(4)
Assessment Techniques
600(1)
Theory's Implications for Therapy
600(8)
Modeling of Others as a Therapeutic Technique
600(4)
Self-Modeling as a Therapeutic Technique
604(1)
Efficacy Expectations and Phobia Reduction
605(3)
Evaluative Comments
608(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
610(1)
Glossary
610(1)
Suggested Readings
611(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
611(2)
PART SEVEN The Role of the Grand Personality Theories in Contemporary Personality Psychology
613(49)
Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology
615(47)
Heuristic Value of the Grand Theories in Five Important Areas
615(43)
Area 1: A Focus on Biological Contributions to Personality
616(7)
Area 2: The Need for a Multicultural Perspective on Personality
623(14)
Area 3: The Use of the Big Five Supertraits to Increase Our Understanding of Personality
637(9)
Area 4: The Use of Personal Goals as a Unifying Concept in Understanding Personality
646(6)
Area 5: The Promise of Positive Psychology to Broaden Our Understanding of Human Personality
652(6)
Personality Psychology in the 21st Century
658(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
659(1)
Glossary
659(2)
Suggested Readings
661(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Search Terms
661(1)
References662(21)
Credits683(2)
Name Index685(6)
Subject Index691

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