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Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society

by: NEWTON LISA (ED)

Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society

by: NEWTON LISA (ED)

ISBN 13:
9780072480382
ISBN 10:
0072480386
Edition: 7th
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 11/27/2001
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin
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Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society > ISBN13: 9780072480382

Summary

People often feel surrounded by debates that could significantly affect their lives, yet are frustrated when they can't find the time to truly understand the issues involved. Titles in McGraw-Hill/Dushkin's Taking Sides series feature clear, readable selections from leading periodicals and journals, each choosing an opposing side in the debate. Postscripts written by series editors review both arguments, and suggest additional resources for deeper understanding.

ISSUE 1. The Classic Dialogue: Can Capitalism Lead to HumanHappiness?

YES: Adam Smith, from An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes ofthe Wealth of Nations, vols. 1 and 2

NO: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from The CommunistManifesto

Free-market economist Adam Smith (1723-1790) states thatif self-interested people are left alone to seek their own economicadvantage, the result will be greater advantage for all. Germanphilosopher Karl Marx (1818-1883) and German sociologist FriedrichEngels (1820-1895) argue that if people are left to their ownself-interested devices, those who own the means of production willrapidly reduce everyone else to virtual slaves.

ISSUE 2. Are Corporate Codes of Ethics Just for Show?

YES: LaRue Tone Hosmer, from The Ethics ofManagement

NO: Lisa H. Newton, from "The Many Faces of the Corporate Code",in The Corporate Code of Ethics: The Perspective of theHumanities, Proceedings of the Conference on Corporate Visionsand Values

LaRue Tone Hosmer, a professor of corporate strategies,argues that codes of ethics are ineffective in bringing about moreethical behavior on the part of employees. Professor of philosophyLisa H. Newton holds that the formation and adoption of corporatecodes are valuable processes.

ISSUE 3. Can Restructuring a Corporation's Rules Make a MoralDifference?

YES: Josef Wieland, from "The Ethics of Governance",Business Ethics Quarterly

NO: Ian Maitland, from "Distributive Justice in Firms: Do theRules of Corporate Governance Matter?" Business EthicsQuarterly

Josef Wieland, director of the German Business EthicsNetwork's Centre for Business Ethics, concludes that one can only be amoral person at work when the workplace, too, is moral. Ian Maitland,professor of business, government, and society at the University ofMinnesota's Carlson School of Management, counters that changing therules will only succeed in impairing the corporation'sefficiency.

PART 2. Current Issues in Business

ISSUE 4. Does Profit Seeking Hurt the Practice of Medicine?

YES: Arnold S. Relman, from "What Market Values Are Doing toMedicine", The Atlantic Monthly

NO: Andrew C. Wicks, from "Albert Schweitzer or Ivan Boesky? WhyWe Should Reject the Dichotomy Between Medicine and Business",Journal of Business Ethics

Professor of medicine Arnold S. Relman argues thatfinancial and technological pressures are forcing doctors to act likebusinessmen, with deleterious consequences for patients. Andrew C.Wicks, an assistant professor at the University of Washington Schoolof Business, asserts that there are fundamental similarities betweenphysician ethics and business ethics.

ISSUE 5. Are Pharmaceutical Price Controls Justifiable?

YES: Richard A. Spinello, from "Ethics, Pricing and thePharmaceutical Industry", Journal of Business Ethics

NO: Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, from "Price Controlsin the Economy and the Health Sector", Backgrounder

Philosopher Richard A. Spinello argues that thepharmaceutical industry should regulate its prices in accordance withthe principles of distributive justice. The PharmaceuticalManufacturers Association, an association of 93 manufacturers ofpharmaceutical and biological products, states that price controls arecounterproductive.

ISSUE 6. Should Casino Gambling Be Prohibited?

YES: William A. Galston and David Wasserman, from "Gambling AwayOur Moral Capital", The Public Interest

NO: William R. Eadington, from "The Proliferation of CommercialGaming in America", The Sovereign Citizen

Political theorist William A. Galston and research scholarDavid Wasserman argue that there are significant moral objections towidespread casino gambling. Professor of economics William R.Eadington counters that gambling is a normal extension of commercialactivity.

ISSUE 7. Should Prudent Managers Avoid Purchasing DerivativeInstruments?

YES: Frank Partnoy, from F.I.A.S.C.O.: The Inside Story of aWall Street Trader

NO: Merton H. Miller, from Merton H. Miller onDerivatives

Frank Partnoy, former trader and salesman at MorganStanley, states that derivative instruments are generally good onlyfor making large commissions for the salesmen who push them on unwaryinsurance companies and pension funds. Merton H. Miller, a Nobelprize-winning economist, contends that derivatives allow financialplayers to hedge their bets more efficiently, and in doing so theymake the world a safer place.

PART 3. Human Resources: The Corporation and the Employee

ISSUE 8. Does Blowing the Whistle Violate Company Loyalty?

YES: Sissela Bok, from "Whistleblowing and ProfessionalResponsibility", New York University Education Quarterly

NO: Robert A. Larmer, from "Whistleblowing and Employee Loyalty",Journal of Business Ethics

Philosopher Sissela Bok asserts that blowing the whistleinvolves a breach of loyalty to the employer. Philosopher Robert A.Larmer argues that attempting to stop unethical company activitiesexemplifies company loyalty.

ISSUE 9. Is Controlling Drug Abuse More Important Than ProtectingPrivacy?

YES: Michael A. Verespej, from "Drug Users--Not Testing--AngerWorkers", Industry Week

NO: Jennifer Moore, from "Drug Testing and CorporateResponsibility: The `Ought Implies Can' Argument", Journal ofBusiness Ethics

Michael A. Verespej, a writer for Industry Week,argues that a majority of employees are tolerant of drug testing.Jennifer Moore, a researcher of business ethics and business law,asserts that employers' concerns about drug abuse should not overrideemployees' right to dignity and privacy.

ISSUE 10. Is CEO Compensation Justified by Performance?

YES: Kevin J. Murphy, from "Top Executives Are Worth Every Nickel They Get," Harvard Business Review.

NO: Lisa H. Newton, from "The Care and Feeding of the TrulyGreedy: CEO Salaries in World Perspective", An Original Essay Writtenfor This Volume

Professor of finance and business economics Kevin J.Murphy argues that chief executive officers (CEOs) are simply paid todo what they were hired to do. Professor of philosophy Lisa H. Newtonfinds the ultimate effect of large compensation packages on U.S.business to be negative.

PART 4. Consumer Issues

ISSUE 11. Are Marketing and Advertising FundamentallyExploitive?

YES: John P. Foley, from "Ethics in Advertising: A Look at theReport by the Pontifical Council for Social Communications",Journal of Public Policy & Marketing

NO: Gene R. Laczniak, from "Reflections on the 1997 VaticanStatements Regarding Ethics in Advertising", Journal of PublicPolicy & Marketing

Archbishop John P. Foley contends that advertising can bedeceptive and improperly influential on media editorial policy.Professor of marketing Gene R. Laczniak counters that theseconclusions are overstated, only partially true, economically naive,and socially idealistic.

ISSUE 12. Was Ford to Blame in the Pinto Case?

YES: Mark Dowie, from "Pinto Madness", Mother Jones

NO: Ford Motor Company, from "Closing Argument by Mr. James Neal",Brief for the Defense, State of Indiana v. Ford MotorCompany, U.S. District Court, South Bend, Indiana

Investigative journalist Mark Dowie alleges that FordMotor Company deliberately put an unsafe car--the Pinto--on the road.James Neal, chief attorney for Ford Motor Company during the Pintolitigation, argues that there is no proof of criminal intent ornegligence on the part of Ford.

ISSUE 13. Should We Require Labeling for Genetically ModifiedFood?

YES: Philip L. Bereano, from "The Right to Know What We Eat",The Seattle Times

NO: Joseph A. Levitt, from Statement Before the Health,Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, United States Senate

Professor of technical communication Philip L. Bereanocontends that consumers have a real and important interest in knowingthe processes by which their foods arrive on the table. Joseph A.Levitt, director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,states that as far as the law is concerned, only the nutritionaltraits and characteristics of foods are subject to safetyassessment.

PART 5. International Operations: Global Obligations

ISSUE 14. Are Multinational Corporations Free From MoralObligation?

YES: Manuel Velasquez, from "International Business, Morality andthe Common Good", Business Ethics Quarterly

NO: John E. Fleming, from "Alternative Approaches and Assumptions:Comments on Manuel Velasquez", Business Ethics Quarterly

Professor of business ethics Manuel Velasquez argues thatsince any business that tried to conform to moral rules in the absenceof enforcement would cease to be competitive, moral strictures cannotbe binding on such companies. Professor emeritus John E. Flemingasserts that multinational corporations tend to deal with long-termcustomers and suppliers and must therefore adhere to moral standardsor lose business.

ISSUE 15. Are Sweatshops Necessarily Evil?

YES: Susan S. Black, from "Ante Up", Bobbin

NO: Allen R. Myerson, from "In Principle, a Case for More`Sweatshops,'" The New York Times

Susan S. Black, publisher of Bobbin, argues thatcustomers will not tolerate goods made by slave labor, children, orwomen working in inhumane conditions. Allen R. Myerson, a writer forthe New York Times, looks at the economies of less developedcountries and finds that allowing their citizens to work in sweatshopsmay be the only option these nations have.

ISSUE 16. Should Patenting Life Be Forbidden?

YES: Jeremy Rifkin, from "Should We Patent Life?" BusinessEthics

NO: William Domnarski, from "Dire New World", IntellectualProperty Magazine

Jeremy Rifkin, president of the Foundation on EconomicTrends, fears that genetic engineering extends human power over therest of nature in ways that are unprecedented and whose consequencescannot be known. William Domnarski, an intellectual property lawyer,finds the patenting of genes or genetic discoveries no different thanpatenting any other ideas.

ISSUE 17. Should We Export Pesticides to Developing Nations?

YES: Kenneth E. Goodpaster and Laura L. Nash, from Policiesand Persons: A Casebook in Business Ethics, 3rd ed.

NO: Jefferson D. Reynolds, from "International Pesticide Trade: IsThere Any Hope for the Effective Regulation of Controlled Substances?"Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law

Professor Kenneth E. Goodpaster and professor Laura L.Nash concede that pesticides can be dangerous but assert that therisks are outweighed by the certainty of starvation if they are notused. Captain Jefferson D. Reynolds of the United States Air Forceconsiders pesticide exposure to be a major health problem and urgesmore regulation.

ISSUE 18. Should We Encourage International Trade in TobaccoProducts?

YES: International Tobacco Growers Association, from ITGAIssues Papers Nos. 2, 14, and 3

NO: Simon Chapman, from "Tobacco Control", British MedicalJournal

The International Tobacco Growers Association argues thattobacco is a product that promises substantial economic progress forpeople who desperately need it. Associate professor Simon Chapmanstates that now that we have discovered the damage done by tobacco, itis wrong to spread that damage abroad for the sake ofprofit.

PART 6. Environmental Policy and Corporate Responsibility

ISSUE 19. Do Environmental Restrictions Violate BasicEconomic Freedoms?

YES: John Shanahan, from "Environment", in Stuart M. Butlerand Kim R. Holmes, eds., Issues '96: The Candidate's BriefingBook

NO: Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich, from "Brownlash: TheNew Environmental Anti-Science", The Humanist

John Shanahan, vice president of the Alexis de TocquevilleInstitution in Arlington, Virginia, concedes that environmentalproblems exist but denies that there is any environmental "crisis".Environmental scientists Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich contendthat many objections to environmental protections are self-serving andbased on bad or misused science.

ISSUE 20. Can Rain Forest Products Save the Tropical RainForest?

YES: Thomas A. Carr, Heather L. Pedersen, and Sunder Ramaswamy,from "Rain Forest Entrepreneurs: Cashing in on Conservation",Environment

NO: Jon Entine, from "Let Them Eat Brazil Nuts: The `RainforestHarvest' and Other Myths of Green Marketing", Dollars andSense

Economics professors Thomas A. Carr and Sunder Ramaswamyand mathematics teacher Heather L. Pedersen state that sustainable useof rain forest products helps to preserve the forest and support thelocal economy. Investigative reporter Jon Entine asserts that mostgreen marketing programs do nothing to slow forest destruction andfrequently result in the mistreatment of employees, vendors, andcustomers.

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Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society

Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society

9780072480382

0072480386

Summary

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Write a Review

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