Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that utilizes the interaction of light with matter. It utilizes the absorption, emission, and scattering of light as it interacts with matter creating a large variety of spectra. Analysis of various spectra can yield important physical characteristics of matter, including chemical composition, temperature, luminosity, mass, and more. The uses and implications of spectroscopy are very broad, with practical uses in many fields of science, including astronomy, medicine, analytic chemistry, material science, geology, and more. Researchers are constantly discovering new and clever applications of spectroscopy, and it is expected to play an ever-increasing role in nanotechnology and superconductivity. This new book brings together a diverse collection of new studies in spectroscopy, research advances in spectroscopy, and new uses in spectroscopy.