Rent 9780534570606 | Sociology : The United States in a Global Community

Summary Table of Contents

Known for its ability to throughly integrate sociology into the world we live in, Ferrante's text gives students a foundation in the discipline as well as global examples that open up that perspective. SOCIOLOGY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, the leading global book for introductory sociology, interweaves examples from all over of the world into chapters on basic sociological concepts. Ferrante is careful to lay down a variety of different theories for the students, thus allowing them to see sociology from multiple perspectives. Each chapter draws examples from a different country to illustrate its points. The author's vivid writing style and use of unique and innovative examples make sociology highly understandable and applicable for students.

Preface	p. xxi
The Sociological Imagination	p. 2
Troubles, Issues, and Opportunities: The Sociological Imagination	p. 6
Social Relativity as a Key to Analyzing Opportunity Structures	p. 8
Transformative Powers of History and Opportunity Structures	p. 9
The Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Sociology	p. 9
The Nature of Work	p. 10
The Nature of Intera... MOREction	p. 11
Sociological Perspectives on Industrialization	p. 11
Karl Marx (1818-1883)	p. 11
Emile Durkheim (1858-1918)	p. 13
Max Weber (1864-1920)	p. 14
How the Discipline of Sociology Evolves	p. 16
What Is Sociology?	p. 19
Why Study Sociology?	p. 20
The Importance of a Global Perspective	p. 21
U.S. in Perspective: Top 20 Global Grossers of '98	p. 24
Theoretical Perspectives	p. 26
With Emphasis on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico
The Functionalist Perspective	p. 30
Critique of Functionalism	p. 32
Merton's Concepts	p. 33
The Functionalist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico	p. 34
The Conflict Perspective	p. 38
U.S. in Perspective: Frequently Asked Questions About Colonias in the United States	p. 39
Critique of Conflict Theory	p. 42
The Conflict Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico	p. 43
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	p. 45
Critique of Symbolic Interaction	p. 47
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico	p. 47
Research Methods in the Context of the Information Explosion	p. 52
With Emphasis on Japan
The Information Explosion	p. 57
The Scientific Method	p. 58
Defining the Topic for Investigation	p. 59
Reviewing the Literature	p. 60
Identifying and Defining Core Concepts	p. 61
Choosing a Research Design and Data-Gathering Strategies	p. 61
U.S. in Perspective: Is the Trade Balance a Valid Measure of the Economic Relationship Between Japan and the United States?	p. 70
Analyzing the Data and Drawing Conclusions	p. 73
Culture	p. 80
With Emphasis on South Korea
The Challenge of Defining Culture	p. 85
Material and Nonmaterial Components	p. 86
Beliefs	p. 86
Values	p. 87
Norms	p. 87
U.S. in Perspective: Group Study, Cheating, and the Korean Foreign Student Experience	p. 88
The Role of Geographic and Historical Forces	p. 91
The Transmission of Culture	p. 92
The Role of Language	p. 92
The Importance of Individual Experiences	p. 94
Culture as a Tool for the Problems of Living	p. 95
Cultural Formulas for Hunger	p. 95
U.S. in Perspective: The Importance of Corn	p. 96
Cultural Formulas for Social Emotions	p. 97
U.S. in Perspective: Feeling Rules in Korea and the United States	p. 98
The Relationship Between Material and Nonmaterial Culture	p. 99
U.S. in Perspective: Cremation Statistics--United States and Canada	p. 101
U.S. in Perspective: Opportunities for Cultural Diffusion Between Americans and South Koreans	p. 102
Cultural Diffusion	p. 102
U.S. in Perspective: Culture and the Pacific Rim	p. 103
The Home Culture as the Standard	p. 104
Ethnocentrism	p. 106
Cultural Relativism	p. 110
Subcultures	p. 111
U.S. in Perspective: Foreign Influences on Professional Women's Basketball in the United States	p. 114
Socialization	p. 116
With Emphasis on Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza
Coming to Terms: The Palestinians and Israelis	p. 120
U.S. in Perspective: Palestinian Migration Out of Palestine	p. 125
Nature and Nurture	p. 127
The Importance of Social Contact	p. 128
Cases of Extreme Isolation	p. 128
Children of the Holocaust	p. 129
Less Extreme Cases of Extreme Isolation	p. 129
Individual and Collective Memory	p. 130
The Role of Groups	p. 132
Primary Groups	p. 132
Ingroups and Outgroups	p. 133
Symbolic Interactionism and Self-Development	p. 140
The Emergence of Self-Awareness	p. 140
Role Taking	p. 141
The Looking-Glass Self	p. 143
Cognitive Development	p. 144
Resocialization	p. 146
Social Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality	p. 150
With Emphasis on the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Context of Social Interaction	p. 155
Mechanical Solidarity	p. 156
Organic Solidarity	p. 157
The Congo in Transition	p. 159
Belgian Imperialism (1883-1960)	p. 159
U.S. in Perspective: The Essay That Mark Twain Could Not Get Published	p. 161
Independence of Zaire (1960-Present)	p. 162
The Content of Social Interaction	p. 165
Social Status	p. 166
Social Roles	p. 166
The Dramaturgical Model of Social Interaction	p. 169
Impression Management	p. 169
Staging Behavior	p. 171
U.S. in Perspective: Imports and Exports of Blood and Blood Products	p. 173
Attribution Theory	p. 175
Explaining the Origin of HIV	p. 175
Determining Who Is HIV-Infected	p. 178
Television: A Special Case of Reality Construction	p. 180
Social Organizations	p. 186
With Emphasis on McDonald's, a U.S.-Based Multinational Corporation with Operations in 111 Countries
Organizations	p. 192
The Multinational Corporation: Agent of Colonialism or Progress?	p. 192
U.S. in Perspective: The World's Largest Global Corporations, 1997	p. 193
U.S. in Perspective: The Prawn Aquaculture Case	p. 196
Features of Modern Organizations	p. 199
Rationalization as a Tool in Modern Organizations	p. 199
The Concept of Bureaucracy	p. 202
Factors That Influence Behavior in Organizations	p. 203
Formal Versus Informal Dimensions of Organizations	p. 203
Trained Incapacity	p. 203
Statistical Records of Performance	p. 204
Obstacles to Good Decision Making	p. 206
Expert Knowledge and Responsibility	p. 206
The Problems with Oligarchy	p. 208
Alienation of Rank-and-File Workers	p. 209
Deviance, Conformity, and Social Control	p. 214
With Emphasis on the People's Republic of China
The Role of Context in Defining Deviance	p. 220
Deviance: The Violation of Norms	p. 223
Socialization as a Means of Social Control: Preschool in China and in the United States	p. 224
Reaction to Socialization of Another Culture	p. 226
Mechanisms of Social Control	p. 227
Defining Deviance: The Functionalist Perspective	p. 228
Labeling Theory	p. 229
The Circumstances of the Falsely Accused	p. 231
Rule Makers and Rule Enforcers	p. 232
Obedience to Authority	p. 235
The Constructionist Approach	p. 236
Claims Makers	p. 237
Structural Strain Theory	p. 237
U.S. in Perspective: Grounds for Divorce or Annulment	p. 240
Structural Strain in the United States	p. 241
Structural Strain in China	p. 242
Differential Association Theory	p. 244
U.S. in Perspective: Is There a Rationale for Control?	p. 245
Factors That Shape U.S. and Chinese Systems of Social Control	p. 246
Social Stratification	p. 250
With Emphasis on South Africa
Social Categories	p. 255
"Open" and "Closed" Stratification Systems	p. 257
Caste Systems	p. 257
Apartheid: A Caste System of Stratification	p. 258
Class Systems	p. 261
U.S. in Perspective: The South African Bill of Rights	p. 262
Does the United States Have a Class System?	p. 264
U.S. in Perspective: Inequality in the United States	p. 266
Mixed Systems: Class and Caste	p. 269
Theories of Stratification	p. 271
A Functionalist View of Stratification	p. 271
Critique of the Functionalist Perspective	p. 272
Analyses of Social Class	p. 275
Karl Marx and Social Class	p. 275
Max Weber and Social Class	p. 277
U.S. in Perspective: Measuring Income Inequality Within the Fifty States and the District of Columbia	p. 280
Race and Ethnicity	p. 286
With Emphasis on Germany
Classifying People by Race in the United States	p. 290
Classifying People by Ethnicity in the United States	p. 293
U.S. in Perspective: The Complexity of North American and "Hispanic" Origins	p. 294
The German System of Classification	p. 294
"Foreigners" in Germany	p. 295
Minority Groups	p. 297
Perspectives on Assimilation	p. 300
Absorption Assimilation	p. 300
Melting Pot Assimilation	p. 302
Stratification Theory and Assimilation	p. 305
Racist Ideologies	p. 305
U.S. in Perspective: Is There Such a Thing as Black Racism?	p. 306
Prejudice and Stereotyping	p. 307
Discrimination	p. 309
Institutionalized Discrimination	p. 313
Social Identity and Stigma	p. 314
Mixed Contact Between the Stigmatized and the Dominant Population	p. 315
Responses to Stigmatization	p. 317
Gender	p. 324
With Emphasis on American Samoa
Distinguishing Sex and Gender	p. 328
Sex as a Biological Concept	p. 328
Gender as a Social Construct	p. 330
Gender Polarization	p. 332
U.S. in Perspective: Gender Schemes in Educational Choices	p. 334
Social Emotions and the Mead-Freeman Controversy	p. 338
Compliance and Resistance to Gender Polarization	p. 339
A Third Gender?	p. 341
U.S. in Perspective: Hand-holding as an Expression of Affection (Not Homosexuality) Between Same-Sex Friends	p. 343
Gender Stratification	p. 344
Economic Arrangements	p. 344
Mechanisms of Perpetuating Gender Ideals	p. 347
Socialization	p. 347
Structural or Situational Constraints	p. 348
Situational Constraints on Mead and Freeman	p. 349
Sexist Ideology	p. 351
Gender, Ethnicity, Race, and the State	p. 354
Economics and Politics	p. 360
With Emphasis on the United States
Social Institutions	p. 364
The Economy	p. 365
The Agricultural Revolution	p. 365
The Industrial Revolution	p. 365
The Postindustrial Society and the Information Revolution	p. 367
Major Economic Systems	p. 367
Capitalism	p. 367
Socialism	p. 369
World System Theory	p. 370
The Roles of Core, Peripheral, and Semiperipheral Economies	p. 371
The U.S. Economy	p. 371
A Strong Tertiary Sector	p. 372
Dominance of Large Corporations	p. 375
Decline in Union Membership	p. 375
Flexible Work Schedules	p. 376
Computer and Information Technology	p. 377
Political Systems and Power	p. 379
Forms of Government	p. 380
Democracy	p. 380
U.S. in Perspective: A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce	p. 381
Totalitarianism	p. 381
The U.S. Political System	p. 383
Participation in the Political Process	p. 383
Power Elite Model	p. 383
Pluralist Model	p. 386
The Role of Government	p. 387
Population and Family Life	p. 390
With Emphasis on Brazil
The Industrial Revolution and Family Events	p. 394
Industrialization and Brazil	p. 396
The Theory of Demographic Transition	p. 399
U.S. in Perspective: How Demographers Measure Change	p. 400
High Birth and Death Rates	p. 400
The Transition Stage	p. 402
Low Death Rates and Declining Birth Rates	p. 402
The "Demographic Transition" in Brazil	p. 403
Death Rates	p. 403
Birth Rates	p. 404
Population Growth	p. 405
Migration	p. 408
The Structure of Family Life	p. 410
The Consequences of Long Life	p. 411
The Status of Children	p. 413
Urbanization and Family Life	p. 413
The Division of Labor Between Men and Women	p. 415
U.S. in Perspective: The Growth of Major Urban Centers	p. 416
Education	p. 424
With Emphasis on Public Education in the United States
What Is Education?	p. 428
Social Functions of Education	p. 429
Illiteracy in the United States	p. 430
Insights from Foreign Education Systems	p. 431
The Development of Mass Education in the United States	p. 431
Textbooks	p. 432
Single-Language Instruction	p. 433
Fundamental Characteristics of Contemporary American Education	p. 433
U.S. in Perspective: The Content of U.S. Math Lessons	p. 434
The Availability of College	p. 434
U.S. in Perspective: How Many Get Their Bachelor's Degree?	p. 436
Differences in Curriculum	p. 438
U.S. in Perspective: Percentage of Public School Districts with Graduation Requirements That Meet or Exceed NCEE Guidelines	p. 439
Differences in Funding	p. 440
Education-Based Programs to Solve Social Problems	p. 440
U.S. in Perspective: Percentage of School Funding That Comes from Local and Intermediate Sources	p. 441
Ambiguity of Purpose and Value	p. 441
A Close-Up View: The Classroom Environment	p. 442
The Curriculum	p. 442
Tracking	p. 444
Problems Faced by Teachers	p. 447
The Social Context of Education	p. 449
Family Background	p. 449
Adolescent Subcultures	p. 452
Religion	p. 458
With Emphasis on the Islamic State of Afghanistan
What Is Religion? Weber's and Durkheim's Views	p. 462
Beliefs About the Sacred and the Profane	p. 464
Rituals	p. 466
Community of Worshipers	p. 466
A Critique of Durkheim's Definition of Religion	p. 472
Civil Religion	p. 472
The Functionalist Perspective	p. 473
U.S. in Perspective: Freedom of Religious Expression in U.S. Prisons	p. 474
Society as the Object of Worship	p. 476
A Critique of the Functionalist View of Religion	p. 477
The Conflict Perspective	p. 478
A Critique of the Conflict Perspective of Religion	p. 479
Religion in a Polarized Society	p. 480
Max Weber: The Interplay Between Economics and Religion	p. 481
Two Opposing Trends: Secularization and Fundamentalism	p. 482
Secularization	p. 482
Fundamentalism	p. 483
Social Change	p. 488
With Emphasis on the Internet
Causes and Consequences of Social Change	p. 493
Conflict	p. 493
The Cold War Origin of the Internet	p. 494
Structural Origins of Conflict	p. 495
The Pursuit of Profit	p. 496
World System Theory	p. 496
The Role of Capitalism in the Global Economy	p. 498
Innovations	p. 499
The Cultural Base and the Rate of Change	p. 502
Cultural Lag	p. 503
Revolutionary Ideas	p. 504
U.S. in Perspective: Pooling Resources and Talent to Create the Internet	p. 505
The Internet and Changing Paradigms of Literacy	p. 506
Key Concepts	p. 511
References	p. 525
Index	p. 551
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