Society : The Basics
Society : The Basics
- ISBN 13:
9780132284905
- ISBN 10:
0132284901
- Edition: 9th
- Format: Paperback
- Copyright: 01/01/2007
- Publisher: Prentice Hall
- Newer Edition
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Summary
Placing an emphasis on global perspectives and current research, this wide praised and adopted sociology textbook introduces the reader to the field of sociology. John Macionis, like many people, took a college course that shaped his life. His first sociology course helped him make sense of the world. John shares his enthusiasm, excitement, and teaching experience through a clear and engaging writing style and emphasis on sociologyrs"s relevance to everyday life.
Table of Contents
Read moreBoxes | p. xiii |
Maps | p. xvi |
Preface | p. xviii |
Sociology: Perspective, Theory, and Method | p. 1 |
The Sociological Perspective | p. 2 |
Seeing the General in the Particular | p. 2 |
Seeing the Strange in the Familiar | p. 2 |
Seeing Personal Choice in Social Context | p. 4 |
Seeing Sociologically: Marginality and Crisis | p. 4 |
The Importance of a Global Perspective | p. 5 |
Applying the Sociological Perspective | p. 8 |
Sociology and Public Policy | p. 8 |
Sociology and Personal Growth | p. 8 |
Careers: The "Sociology Advantage" | p. 9 |
In the Times: "For Illegal Immigrants, a Harsh Lesson" | p. 10 |
The Origins of Sociology | p. 11 |
Social Change and Sociology | p. 11 |
Science and Sociology | p. 12 |
Sociological Theory | p. 13 |
The Structural-Functional Approach | p. 14 |
The Social-Conflict Approach | p. 15 |
Feminism and the Gender-Conflict Approach | p. 15 |
The Race-Conflict Approach | p. 17 |
The Symbolic-Interaction Approach | p. 17 |
Three Ways to Do Sociology | p. 18 |
Scientific Sociology | p. 19 |
Interpretive Sociology | p. 23 |
Critical Sociology | p. 23 |
Methods and Theory | p. 24 |
Gender and Research | p. 24 |
Research Ethics | p. 25 |
Research Methods | p. 25 |
Testing a Hypothesis: The Experiment | p. 25 |
Asking Questions: Survey Research | p. 27 |
In the Field: Participant Observation | p. 28 |
Using Available Data: Existing Sources | p. 31 |
Putting It All Together: Ten Steps in Sociological Research | p. 34 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 34 |
Making the Grade | p. 35 |
Visual Summary | p. 35 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 37 |
Culture | p. 39 |
What Is Culture? | p. 40 |
Culture and Human Intelligence | p. 42 |
How Many Cultures? | p. 44 |
The Elements of Culture | p. 44 |
Symbols | p. 44 |
Language | p. 46 |
Values and Beliefs | p. 46 |
Norms | p. 50 |
Ideal and Real Culture | p. 50 |
Technology and Culture | p. 50 |
Hunting and Gathering | p. 50 |
Horticulture and Pastoralism | p. 51 |
Agriculture | p. 51 |
Industry | p. 52 |
Postindustrial Information Technology | p. 52 |
Cultural Diversity | p. 52 |
High Culture and Popular Culture | p. 52 |
Subculture | p. 53 |
In the Times: "Cast from Their Ancestral Home, Creoles Worry about Culture's Future" | p. 54 |
Multiculturalism | p. 55 |
Counterculture | p. 56 |
Cultural Change | p. 57 |
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism | p. 58 |
A Global Culture? | p. 59 |
Theoretical Analysis of Culture | p. 60 |
The Functions of Culture: Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 60 |
Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Analysis | p. 61 |
Evolution and Culture: Sociobiology | p. 62 |
Culture and Human Freedom | p. 64 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 64 |
Making the Grade | p. 65 |
Visual Summary | p. 65 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 67 |
Socialization: From Infancy to Old Age | p. 69 |
Social Experience: The Key to Our Humanity | p. 70 |
Human Development: Nature and Nurture | p. 70 |
Social Isolation | p. 71 |
Understanding Socialization | p. 72 |
Sigmund Freud's Elements of Personality | p. 72 |
Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | p. 73 |
Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development | p. 74 |
Carol Gilligan's Theory of Gender and Moral Development | p. 74 |
George Herbert Mead's Theory of the Social Self | p. 75 |
Erik H. Erikson's Eight Stages of Development | p. 76 |
Agents of Socialization | p. 77 |
The Family | p. 77 |
The School | p. 79 |
The Peer Group | p. 79 |
The Mass Media | p. 80 |
Socialization and the Life Course | p. 82 |
Childhood | p. 82 |
Adolescence | p. 83 |
Adulthood | p. 83 |
In the Times: "Adultescent" | p. 84 |
Old Age | p. 85 |
Death and Dying | p. 87 |
The Life Course: Patterns and Variations | p. 88 |
Resocialization: Total Institutions | p. 89 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 90 |
Making the Grade | p. 91 |
Visual Summary | p. 91 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 93 |
Social Interaction in Everyday Life | p. 95 |
Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living | p. 96 |
Status | p. 97 |
Ascribed and Achieved Status | p. 97 |
Master Status | p. 97 |
Role | p. 98 |
Role Conflict and Role Strain | p. 99 |
Role Exit | p. 99 |
The Social Construction of Reality | p. 99 |
"Street Smarts" | p. 100 |
The Thomas Theorem | p. 101 |
Ethnomethodology | p. 101 |
Reality Building: Class and Culture | p. 102 |
Dramaturgical Analysis: The "Presentation of Self" | p. 102 |
Performances | p. 103 |
Nonverbal Communication | p. 103 |
Gender and Performances | p. 104 |
Idealization | p. 106 |
Embarrassment and Tact | p. 106 |
Interaction in Everyday Life: Three Applications | p. 107 |
Emotions: The Social Construction of Feeling | p. 107 |
Language: The Social Construction of Gender | p. 108 |
Reality Play: The Social Construction of Humor | p. 111 |
In the Times: "Seriously, the Joke Is Dead" | p. 112 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 114 |
Making the Grade | p. 115 |
Visual Summary | p. 115 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 117 |
Groups and Organizations | p. 119 |
Social Groups | p. 120 |
Primary and Secondary Groups | p. 121 |
Group Leadership | p. 122 |
Group Conformity | p. 122 |
Reference Groups | p. 124 |
In-Groups and Out-Groups | p. 124 |
Group Size | p. 125 |
Social Diversity: Race, Class, and Gender | p. 126 |
Networks | p. 126 |
Formal Organizations | p. 127 |
Types of Formal Organizations | p. 127 |
Origins of Formal Organizations | p. 129 |
Characteristics of Bureaucracy | p. 129 |
Organizational Environment | p. 129 |
The Informal Side of Bureaucracy | p. 130 |
Problems of Bureaucracy | p. 131 |
In the Times: "The Beast That Feeds on Boxes: Bureaucracy" | p. 132 |
The Evolution of Formal Organizations | p. 134 |
Scientific Management | p. 134 |
The First Challenge: Race and Gender | p. 134 |
The Second Challenge: The Japanese Work Organization | p. 135 |
The Third Challenge: The Changing Nature of Work | p. 135 |
The "McDonaldization" of Society | p. 137 |
The Future of Organizations: Opposing Trends | p. 140 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 140 |
Making the Grade | p. 141 |
Visual Summary | p. 141 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 143 |
Sexuality and Society | p. 145 |
Understanding Sexuality | p. 146 |
Sex: A Biological Issue | p. 146 |
Sex and the Body | p. 147 |
Sex: A Cultural Issue | p. 148 |
The Incest Taboo | p. 149 |
In the Times: "Children, Media, and Sex: A Big Book of Blank Pages" | p. 150 |
Sexual Attitudes in the United States | p. 150 |
The Sexual Revolution | p. 151 |
The Sexual Counterrevolution | p. 152 |
Premarital Sex | p. 153 |
Sex between Adults | p. 154 |
Extramarital Sex | p. 155 |
Sex over the Life Course | p. 155 |
Sexual Orientation | p. 155 |
What Gives Us a Sexual Orientation? | p. 156 |
How Many Gay People Are There? | p. 157 |
The Gay Rights Movement | p. 157 |
Sexual Issues and Controversies | p. 158 |
Teen Pregnancy | p. 158 |
Pornography | p. 159 |
Prostitution | p. 159 |
Sexual Violence: Rape and Date Rape | p. 161 |
Theoretical Analysis of Sexuality | p. 163 |
Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 163 |
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis | p. 164 |
Social-Conflict Analysis | p. 165 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 168 |
Making the Grade | p. 169 |
Visual Summary | p. 169 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 171 |
Deviance | p. 173 |
What Is Deviance? | p. 174 |
Social Control | p. 174 |
The Biological Context | p. 175 |
Personality Factors | p. 175 |
The Social Foundations of Deviance | p. 176 |
The Functions of Deviance: Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 176 |
Durkheim's Basic Insight | p. 176 |
Merton's Strain Theory | p. 177 |
Deviant Subcultures | p. 178 |
Labeling Deviance: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis | p. 179 |
Labeling Theory | p. 179 |
The Medicalization of Deviance | p. 181 |
Sutherland's Differential Association Theory | p. 182 |
Hirschi's Control Theory | p. 182 |
Deviance and Inequality: Social-Conflict Analysis | p. 183 |
Deviance and Power | p. 183 |
Deviance and Capitalism | p. 183 |
White-Collar Crime | p. 184 |
Corporate Crime | p. 185 |
Organized Crime | p. 185 |
Deviance, Race, and Gender | p. 186 |
Hate Crimes | p. 186 |
The Feminist Perspective: Deviance and Gender | p. 186 |
Crime | p. 188 |
Types of Crime | p. 187 |
Criminal Statistics | p. 188 |
The Street Criminal: A Profile | p. 188 |
Crime in Global Perspective | p. 191 |
The U.S. Criminal Justice System | p. 193 |
Due Process | p. 193 |
Police | p. 194 |
Courts | p. 194 |
Punishment | p. 195 |
In the Times: "Despite Drop in Crime, an Increase in Inmates" | p. 196 |
Community-Based Corrections | p. 199 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 200 |
Making the Grade | p. 201 |
Visual Summary | p. 201 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 203 |
Social Stratification | p. 205 |
What Is Social Stratification? | p. 206 |
Caste and Class Systems | p. 207 |
The Caste System | p. 207 |
The Class System | p. 208 |
Caste and Class: The United Kingdom | p. 210 |
Classless Societies? The Former Soviet Union | p. 211 |
China: Emerging Social Classes | p. 212 |
Ideology: The Power behind Stratification | p. 213 |
The Functions of Social Stratification | p. 213 |
The Davis-Moore Thesis | p. 214 |
Stratification and Conflict | p. 215 |
Karl Marx: Class Conflict | p. 215 |
Why No Marxist Revolution? | p. 216 |
Max Weber: Class, Status, and Power | p. 217 |
Stratification and Interaction | p. 218 |
Stratification and Technology: A Global Perspective | p. 212 |
Hunting and Gathering Societies | p. 219 |
Horticultural, Pastoral, and Agrarian Societies | p. 219 |
Industrial Societies | p. 219 |
The Kuznets Curve | p. 220 |
Inequality in the United States | p. 220 |
Income, Wealth, and Power | p. 220 |
Schooling | p. 223 |
Occupational Prestige | p. 223 |
Ancestry, Race, and Gender | p. 223 |
Social Classes in the United States | p. 225 |
The Upper Class | p. 225 |
The Middle Class | p. 226 |
The Working Class | p. 226 |
The Lower Class | p. 227 |
The Difference Class Makes | p. 227 |
Health | p. 227 |
Values and Attitudes | p. 227 |
Politics | p. 227 |
Family and Gender | p. 228 |
Social Mobility | p. 228 |
Myth versus Reality | p. 229 |
Mobility by Income Level | p. 229 |
Mobility: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender | p. 229 |
Mobility and Marriage | p. 231 |
The American Dream: Still a Reality? | p. 231 |
The Global Economy and the U.S. Class Structure | p. 231 |
Poverty in the United States | p. 232 |
The Extent of Poverty | p. 232 |
Who Are the Poor? | p. 233 |
Explaining Poverty | p. 234 |
In the Times: "Surge in Homeless Families Sets Off Debate on Cause" | p. 236 |
The Working Poor | p. 236 |
Homelessness | p. 237 |
Class, Welfare, Politics, and Values | p. 238 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 238 |
Making the Grade | p. 239 |
Visual Summary | p. 239 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 241 |
Global Stratification | p. 243 |
Global Stratification: An Overview | p. 244 |
A Word about Terminology | p. 245 |
High-Income Countries | p. 245 |
Middle-Income Countries | p. 246 |
Low-Income Countries | p. 248 |
Global Wealth and Poverty | p. 249 |
The Severity of Poverty | p. 249 |
The Extent of Poverty | p. 252 |
Poverty and Children | p. 253 |
Poverty and Women | p. 253 |
Slavery | p. 254 |
Explanations of Global Poverty | p. 254 |
Global Stratification: Theoretical Analysis | p. 257 |
Modernization Theory | p. 257 |
Dependency Theory | p. 260 |
Global Stratification: Looking Ahead | p. 283 |
In the Times: "Shantytown Dwellers in South Africa Protest Sluggish Pace of Change | p. 264 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 266 |
Making the Grade | p. 267 |
Visual Summary | p. 267 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 269 |
Gender Stratification | p. 271 |
Gender and Inequality | p. 272 |
Male-Female Differences | p. 272 |
Gender in Global Perspective | p. 273 |
Patriarchy and Sexism | p. 274 |
Gender and Socialization | p. 276 |
Gender and the Family | p. 276 |
Gender and the Peer Group | p. 277 |
Gender and Schooling | p. 277 |
Gender and the Mass Media | p. 277 |
Gender and Social Stratification | p. 279 |
Working Women and Men | p. 279 |
Gender, Income, and Wealth | p. 280 |
Housework: Women's "Second Shift" | p. 281 |
Gender and Education | p. 281 |
Gender and Politics | p. 282 |
Gender and the Military | p. 283 |
Are Women a Minority? | p. 283 |
Minority Women: Intersection Theory | p. 283 |
Violence against Women | p. 284 |
Violence against Men | p. 285 |
Sexual Harassment | p. 287 |
Pornography | p. 287 |
Theoretical Analysis of Gender | p. 288 |
Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 288 |
Social-Conflict Analysis | p. 289 |
Feminism | p. 290 |
Basic Feminist Ideas | p. 290 |
Types of Feminism | p. 291 |
In the Times: "Men Are Becoming the Ad Target of the Gender Sneer" | p. 292 |
Opposition to Feminism | p. 292 |
Gender: Looking Ahead | p. 294 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 294 |
Making the Grade | p. 295 |
Visual Summary | p. 295 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 297 |
Race and Ethnicity | p. 299 |
The Social Meaning of Race and Ethnicity | p. 300 |
Race | p. 300 |
Ethnicity | p. 302 |
Minorities | p. 303 |
Prejudice and Stereotypes | p. 304 |
Measuring Prejudice: The Social Distance Scale | p. 305 |
Racism | p. 307 |
Theories of Prejudice | p. 308 |
Discrimination | p. 310 |
Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination | p. 310 |
Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Circle | p. 310 |
Majority and Minority: Patterns of Interaction | p. 311 |
Pluralism | p. 311 |
Assimilation | p. 311 |
In the Times: "Around the World in Five Boroughs" | p. 312 |
Segregation | p. 312 |
Genocide | p. 313 |
Race and Ethnicity in the United States | p. 314 |
Native Americans | p. 314 |
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants | p. 316 |
African Americans | p. 316 |
Asian Americans | p. 318 |
Hispanic Americans/Latinos | p. 322 |
Arab Americans | p. 324 |
White Ethnic Americans | p. 326 |
Race and Ethnicity: Looking Ahead | p. 328 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 328 |
Making the Grade | p. 329 |
Visual Summary | p. 329 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 331 |
Economics and Politics | p. 333 |
The Economy: Historical Overview | p. 334 |
The Agricultural Revolution | p. 334 |
The Industrial Revolution | p. 335 |
The Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society | p. 335 |
Sectors of the Economy | p. 336 |
The Global Economy | p. 337 |
Economic Systems: Paths to Justice | p. 338 |
Capitalism | p. 338 |
Socialism | p. 339 |
Welfare Capitalism and State Capitalism | p. 340 |
Relative Advantages of Capitalism and Socialism | p. 340 |
Changes in Socialist and Capitalist Countries | p. 341 |
Work in the Postindustrial U.S. Economy | p. 342 |
The Changing Workplace | p. 342 |
Labor Unions | p. 342 |
Professions | p. 343 |
Self-Employment | p. 344 |
Unemployment and Underemployment | p. 344 |
Workplace Diversity: Race and Gender | p. 345 |
New Information Technology and Work | p. 345 |
Corporations | p. 347 |
Economic Concentration | p. 347 |
Conglomerates and Corporate Linkages | p. 347 |
Corporations: Are They Competitive? | p. 347 |
Corporations and the Global Economy | p. 348 |
The Economy: Looking Ahead | p. 349 |
In the Times: "Rewards of a 90-Hour Week: Poverty and Dirty Laundry" | p. 350 |
Politics: Historical Overview | p. 350 |
Politics in Global Perspective | p. 352 |
Monarchy | p. 352 |
Democracy | p. 352 |
Authoritarianism | p. 352 |
Totalitarianism | p. 353 |
A Global Political System? | p. 354 |
Politics in the United States | p. 354 |
U.S. Culture and the Rise of the Welfare State | p. 355 |
The Political Spectrum | p. 355 |
Party Identification | p. 356 |
Special-Interest Groups | p. 357 |
Voter Apathy | p. 357 |
Should Convicted Criminals Vote? | p. 358 |
Theoretical Analysis of Power in Society | p. 358 |
The Pluralist Model: The People Rule | p. 358 |
The Power-Elite Model: A Few People Rule | p. 358 |
The Marxist Model: The System Is Biased | p. 359 |
Power Beyond the Rules | p. 360 |
Revolution | p. 360 |
Terrorism | p. 360 |
War and Peace | p. 382 |
The Causes of War | p. 362 |
Social Class and the Military | p. 362 |
Is Terrorism a New Kind of War? | p. 363 |
The Costs and Causes of Militarism | p. 363 |
Nuclear Weapons | p. 364 |
Mass Media and War | p. 364 |
Pursuing Peace | p. 365 |
Politics: Looking Ahead | p. 366 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 366 |
Making the Grade | p. 367 |
Visual Summary | p. 367 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 369 |
Family and Religion | p. 371 |
Family: Basic Concepts | p. 372 |
Family: Global Variations | p. 373 |
Marriage Patterns | p. 373 |
Residential Patterns | p. 374 |
Patterns of Descent | p. 375 |
Patterns of Authority | p. 375 |
Theoretical Analysis of Family | p. 375 |
Functions of Family: Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 375 |
Inequality and Family: Social-Conflict and Feminist Analysis | p. 376 |
Constructing Family Life: Micro-Level Analysis | p. 376 |
Stages of Family Life | p. 377 |
Courtship and Romantic Love | p. 377 |
Settling In: Ideal and Real Marriage | p. 379 |
Child Rearing | p. 379 |
The Family in Later Life | p. 380 |
U.S. Families: Class, Race, and Gender | p. 381 |
Social Class | p. 381 |
Ethnicity and Race | p. 381 |
In the Times: "Crisis of Indian Children Intensifies as Families Fail" | p. 382 |
Gender | p. 384 |
Transitions and Problems in Family Life | p. 384 |
Divorce | p. 384 |
Remarriage and Blended Families | p. 385 |
Family Violence | p. 386 |
Alternative Family Forms | p. 387 |
One-Parent Families | p. 387 |
Cohabitation | p. 387 |
Gay and Lesbian Couples | p. 388 |
Singlehood | p. 390 |
New Reproductive Technologies and Family | p. 390 |
Families: Looking Ahead | p. 390 |
Religion: Basic Concepts | p. 391 |
Theoretical Analysis of Religion | p. 391 |
Functions of Religion: Structural-Functional Analysis | p. 391 |
Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis | p. 392 |
Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Analysis | p. 393 |
Religion and Social Change | p. 394 |
Max Weber: Protestantism and Capitalism | p. 394 |
Liberation Theology | p. 395 |
Types of Religious Organizations | p. 395 |
Church | p. 395 |
Sect | p. 395 |
Cult | p. 396 |
Religion in History | p. 397 |
Religion in the United States | p. 397 |
Religious Commitment | p. 397 |
Religion: Class, Ethnicity, and Race | p. 399 |
Religion in a Changing Society | p. 399 |
Secularization | p. 399 |
Civil Religion | p. 400 |
"New Age" Seekers: Spirituality without Formal Religion | p. 400 |
Religious Revival: "Good Old-Time Religion" | p. 401 |
Religion: Looking Ahead | p. 404 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 404 |
Making the Grade | p. 405 |
Visual Summary | p. 405 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 407 |
Education, Health, and Medicine | p. 409 |
Education: A Global Survey | p. 410 |
Schooling and Economic Development | p. 410 |
Schooling in India | p. 412 |
Schooling in Japan | p. 412 |
Schooling in the United States | p. 412 |
The Functions of Schooling | p. 413 |
Schooling and Social Interaction | p. 414 |
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | p. 414 |
Schooling and Social Inequality | p. 414 |
Public and Private Education | p. 415 |
Access to Higher Education | p. 417 |
Greater Opportunity: Expanding Higher Education | p. 418 |
Community Colleges | p. 418 |
Privilege and Personal Merit | p. 419 |
Problems in the Schools | p. 420 |
Discipline and Violence | p. 420 |
Student Passivity | p. 420 |
Dropping Out | p. 421 |
In the Times: "The College Dropout Boom" | p. 422 |
Academic Standards | p. 422 |
Grade Inflation | p. 424 |
Recent Issues in U.S. Education | p. 424 |
School Choice | p. 424 |
Home Schooling | p. 425 |
Schooling People with Disabilities | p. 425 |
Adult Education | p. 427 |
The Teacher Shortage | p. 427 |
Schooling: Looking Ahead | p. 427 |
Health and Medicine | p. 427 |
Health and Society | p. 427 |
Health: A Global Survey | p. 428 |
Health in Low-Income Countries | p. 428 |
Health in High-Income Countries | p. 429 |
Health in the United States | p. 429 |
Who Is Healthy? Age, Gender, Class, and Race | p. 429 |
Cigarette Smoking | p. 430 |
Eating Disorders | p. 431 |
Obesity | p. 432 |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases | p. 433 |
Ethical Issues surrounding Death | p. 435 |
The Medical Establishment | p. 436 |
The Rise of Scientific Medicine | p. 436 |
Holistic Medicine | p. 437 |
Paying for Medical Care: A Global Survey | p. 437 |
Paying for Medical Care: The United States | p. 438 |
The Nursing Shortage | p. 440 |
Theoretical Analysis of Health and Medicine | p. 440 |
Structural-Functional Analysis: Role Theory | p. 440 |
Symbolic-Interaction Analysis: The Meaning of Health | p. 441 |
Social-Conflict and Feminist Analysis | p. 442 |
Health and Medicine: Looking Ahead | p. 443 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 444 |
Making the Grade | p. 445 |
Visual Summary | p. 445 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 447 |
Population, Urbanization, and Environment | p. 449 |
Demography: The Study of Population | p. 450 |
Fertility | p. 450 |
Mortality | p. 451 |
Migration | p. 452 |
Population Growth | p. 452 |
Population Composition | p. 453 |
History and Theory of Population Growth | p. 454 |
Malthusian Theory | p. 455 |
Demographic Transition Theory | p. 455 |
Global Population Today: A Brief Survey | p. 456 |
Urbanization: The Growth of Cities | p. 457 |
The Evolution of Cities | p. 458 |
The Growth of U.S. Cities | p. 459 |
Suburbs and Urban Decline | p. 460 |
Postindustrial Sunbelt Cities and Sprawl | p. 461 |
Megalopolis: The Regional City | p. 461 |
Edge Cities | p. 461 |
The Rural Rebound | p. 462 |
Urbanism as a Way of Life | p. 462 |
Ferdinand Tonnies: Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft | p. 462 |
Emile Durkheim: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity | p. 463 |
Georg Simmel: The Blase Urbanite | p. 463 |
The Chicago School: Robert Park and Louis Wirth | p. 464 |
Urban Ecology | p. 464 |
Urban Political Economy | p. 465 |
In the Times: "Dump Trash, Add Scavengers, Mix and Get a Big Mess" | p. 466 |
Urbanization in Poor Nations | p. 466 |
Environment and Society | p. 468 |
The Global Dimension | p. 468 |
Technology and the Environmental Deficit | p. 468 |
Culture: Growth and Limits | p. 469 |
Solid Waste: The Disposable Society | p. 470 |
Water and Air | p. 471 |
The Rain Forests | p. 473 |
Environmental Racism | p. 474 |
Looking Ahead: Toward a Sustainable Society and World | p. 475 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 476 |
Making the Grade | p. 477 |
Visual Summary | p. 477 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 479 |
Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies | p. 481 |
What Is Social Change? | p. 483 |
Causes of Social Change | p. 484 |
Culture and Change | p. 484 |
Conflict and Change | p. 484 |
Ideas and Change | p. 484 |
Demographic Change | p. 484 |
Social Movements and Change | p. 485 |
Disasters: Unexpected Change | p. 488 |
Modernity | p. 490 |
Ferdinand Tonnies: The Loss of Community | p. 491 |
Emile Durkheim: The Division of Labor | p. 492 |
Max Weber: Rationalization | p. 493 |
Karl Marx: Capitalism | p. 494 |
Structural-Functional Analysis: Modernity as Mass Society | p. 494 |
The Mass Scale of Modern Life | p. 494 |
The Ever-Expanding State | p. 496 |
Social-Conflict Analysis: Modernity as Class Society | p. 496 |
Capitalism | p. 497 |
Persistent Inequality | p. 497 |
Modernity and the Individual | p. 498 |
Mass Society: Problems of Identity | p. 498 |
Class Society: Problems of Powerlessness | p. 499 |
Modernity and Progress | p. 507 |
In the Times: "Modernity Tips Balance in a Remote Corner in Kashmir | p. 502 |
Modernity: Global Variation | p. 503 |
Postmodernity | p. 503 |
Looking Ahead: Modernization and Our Global Future | p. 507 |
Applying Sociology in Everyday Life | p. 508 |
Making the Grade | p. 509 |
Visual Summary | p. 509 |
Sample Test Questions | p. 511 |
Glossary | p. 512 |
References | p. 518 |
Photo Credits | p. 539 |
Name Index | p. 541 |
Subject Index | p. 545 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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