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Social Work: A Professional of Many Faces

ISBN: 9780205317400 | 0205317405
Edition: 9th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Pub. Date: 7/1/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
This best-selling introductory text focuses on social work with diverse groups, including people with disabilities and various ethnic, racial, gender, age and rural/urban/suburban populations. Social Work: A Profession of Many Faces, now in its ninth edition, has established the all-time longevity record in social work texts as an introduction to the profession of social work, having educated approximately 130,000 students since 1977. This text includes historical material on the emergence of social work as a profession, the areas and groups where human services are provided, and career opportunities for social workers today. The book reflects up-to-date empirical data about where social workers are employed, what positions they hold, what personal characteristics they bring to their practice, and the competencies required to perform their work. The main focus of the text is on the various groups to whom social workers provide services, including children, older adults, women, disabled persons, and members of minority racial and ethnic groups. A new chapter entitled Social Work Throughout the World helps students gain a broader understanding of how the profession of social work has evolved in different parts of the world.
Prefacexvii
Part One SOCIAL WORK IN U.S. SOCIETY1(65)
Social Welfare: A Response to Human Need
5(20)
Prefatory Comment
... MORE		5(1)
Some Social Workers in Action
6(1)
Identifying Human Needs
7(1)
Social Welfare Programs
8(1)
The Evolution of Social Programs
9(8)
Colonial Times to the Great Depression
10(2)
The Great Depression to the Present
12(5)
Continuing Issues in Social Welfare
17(5)
Purposes and Goals for Social Programs
18(1)
Responsibility for Meeting Human Needs
18(2)
Human Service as a Right
20(1)
Social Program Conceptions
20(1)
Human Service Program Categories
21(1)
Concluding Comment
22(3)
Social Work: A Comprehensive Helping Profession
25(22)
Prefatory Comment
25(1)
The Central Themes Underpinning Social Work
26(4)
A Commitment to Social Betterment
26(1)
A Goal to Enhance Social Functioning
27(1)
An Action Orientation
27(1)
An Appreciation for Human Diversity
27(1)
A Versatile Practice Perspective
28(2)
The Mission of Social Work
30(2)
Caring
31(1)
Curing
31(1)
Changing the Society
31(1)
Defining Social Work
32(2)
Social Work Practice Approaches
34(4)
Traditional Practice Methods
34(1)
Multimethod Practice Approach
35(1)
Generalist Practice Approach
36(1)
Specialist Practice Approach
36(2)
Social Workers: Their Many Faces
38(4)
Career Patterns of Social Workers
38(1)
The Social Worker's Knowledge, Values, and Skills
39(1)
Characteristics of Today's Social Workers
40(2)
Concluding Comment
42(5)
The Emergence of Social Work as a Profession
47(19)
Prefatory Comment
47(1)
The Nature of Professions
47(2)
Helping Professions: A Response to Human Need
49(2)
Social Work as a Profession: A Historical Perspective
51(12)
From Volunteers to an Occupation (Prior to 1915)
51(7)
Professional Emergence (1915-1950)
58(2)
Consolidating the Gains (1950-1970)
60(1)
Turning Away from the Elitist Professional Model (1970-Present)
61(2)
Concluding Comment
63(3)
Part Two SOCIAL WORK CAREER OPTIONS66(62)
Entry to the Social Work Profession
69(20)
Prefatory Comment
69(1)
Issues in Social Work Preparation and Employment
70(3)
Education and Accreditation
71(1)
Professional Certification
71(1)
Licensing or State Regulation of Social Work Practice
72(1)
Professional Standards
72(1)
Options for Human Service Practice
73(4)
Volunteers
73(1)
Nonprofessional Service Providers
74(1)
Other Baccalaureate-Level Disciplines
74(3)
Professional Social Work Practice
77(8)
The Basic Professional
77(3)
The Specialized Professional
80(4)
The Independent Professional
84(1)
The Advanced Professional
84(1)
Concluding Comment
85(4)
Fields of Social Work Practice
89(20)
Prefatory Comment
89(2)
Aging
91(1)
Alcohol and Substance Abuse
92(1)
Children and Youth
93(3)
Adoption and Services to Unmarried Parents
93(1)
Foster Care
94(1)
Residential Care
94(1)
Support in Own Home
95(1)
Protective Services
95(1)
Youth Services
95(1)
Community/Neighborhood
96(1)
Community Organization
96(1)
Community Planning
97(1)
Community Development
97(1)
Corrections/Criminal Justice
97(1)
Disabilities (Physical/Mental)
98(1)
Education and Training
99(1)
Family Services
100(1)
Family Counseling
100(1)
Family Life Education
100(1)
Family Planning
101(1)
Income Maintenance
101(2)
Medical and Health Care
103(1)
Mental Health and Illness
103(1)
Occupational Social Work
104(1)
Schools
105(1)
Concluding Comment
106(3)
Settings for Social Work Practice
109(19)
Prefatory Comment
109(1)
Characteristics of Practice Settings
110(5)
Government Sector Settings
111(1)
Voluntary (Nonprofit) Sector Settings
112(1)
Business Sector Settings
113(2)
Issues Affecting Agency-Based Practice
115(7)
Accommodating Horizontal and Vertical Influences
115(1)
Balancing Efficiency and Effectiveness
116(2)
Accommodating the Professional Model
118(1)
Determining the Status of Social Work
119(1)
Succeeding as a Social Worker in an Agency Structure
119(2)
Advantages of Agency-Based Practice
121(1)
Issues in Private Practice
122(4)
The Organization of Private Practice
123(1)
Concerns Related to Private Practice
124(1)
Advantages of Private Practice
125(1)
Concluding Comment
126(2)
Part Three THE PRACTICE OF SOCIAL WORK128(96)
Values and Ethics in Social Work
131(20)
Prefatory Comment
131(1)
The Nature of Values
132(1)
The Place of Values in Social Work
133(1)
Social Values in U.S. Society
134(2)
Values Held by Social Workers
136(5)
Areas of Practice Addressed by the NASW Code of Ethics
141(1)
An Illustration of Values and Ethics Operating in Social Work Practice
142(4)
Examples of Ethical Issues in Social Work Practice
146(2)
Concluding Comment
148(3)
Competencies Required for Social Work Practice Today
151(34)
Prefatory Comment
151(1)
The Competence Required for Social Work Practice
152(29)
The Universal Social Work Competencies
153(4)
Frequently Utilized Social Work Competencies
157(11)
Competencies Occasionally Needed by Social Workers
168(11)
Low Utilization Competencies for Most Social Workers
179(2)
Concluding Comment
181(4)
Prevention as a New Direction: The Future of Social Work
185(26)
Prefatory Comment
185(1)
Prevention: An Evolving Concept Going into the Twenty-First Century
185(2)
Prevention
186(1)
Preventing Treatment Abuse with At-Risk Populations
187(2)
Gang Violence and Homicide Prevention
189(10)
Educational Prevention Models
191(1)
Court- and Community-Based Programs
192(1)
Gang Homicide Psychosocial Prevention Models
193(6)
Advocacy, Empowerment, and Prevention
199(2)
Class Action Social Work and Prevention
201(4)
Concluding Comment
205(6)
Social Work Throughout the World
211(13)
Prefatory Comment
211(1)
World Population Changes: Creating a Global Demand for Social Work
211(4)
Social Welfare: The Context
212(2)
The Emergence of Social Work Training and Education
214(1)
A Global Approach to Social Work
215(4)
International Professional Organizations
216(1)
Defining Social Work Globally
216(1)
Values and Ethics Held by Social Workers Globally
217(1)
Global Views of Social Issues
218(1)
Employment in International Social Work
219(2)
Concluding Comment
221(3)
Part Four SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH SPECIAL POPULATIONS224(8)
SECTION A AN OVERVIEW OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS232(6)
Ecosystems Model
232(6)
SECTION B SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS238(131)
Social Work Practice with Women
241(26)
Prefatory Comment
241(1)
Current Demographics
242(2)
Health and Mental Health Risk Factors
243(1)
Ecosystems Perspective
244(6)
Cultural Factors
244(1)
Environmental-Structural Factors
245(3)
The Family
248(1)
The Individual
249(1)
Intervention Strategies
250(9)
Micro Practice with Women
251(2)
Macro Practice with Women
253(1)
Micro Practice with a Battered Woman
254(4)
Macro Practice on Behalf of Battered Women
258(1)
Emerging Issues and Trends
259(1)
Concluding Comment
260(7)
Social Work Practice with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
267(30)
Prefatory Comment
267(1)
Current Demographics
268(3)
Defining Homosexuality
268(2)
Population Characteristics
270(1)
Ecosystems Framework
271(8)
Historical Factors
271(1)
Environmental-Structural Factors
272(1)
Culture
273(1)
Family Factors
274(2)
Individual Factors
276(3)
Macro Practice with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
279(1)
Micro Practice with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People
280(7)
Common Problems
282(2)
Working with Couples
284(1)
Working with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Parents
285(1)
Working with Older Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals
286(1)
Emerging Issues and Trends
287(2)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Professionals
287(1)
Impact of AIDS
288(1)
Concluding Comment
289(8)
Social Work Practice with Children and Youth
297(20)
Prefatory Comment
297(1)
Current Demographics
298(7)
Personal Characteristics
299(1)
Housing and Residence
300(1)
Family Income and Employment
301(1)
Poverty and Hunger
301(2)
Learning Stimulation and Educational Status
303(1)
Health Status and Chronic Physical Conditions
304(1)
At-Risk Behaviors
304(1)
The Ecosystems Model
305(3)
A Micro Case Analysis
308(5)
A Macro Case Example
313(1)
Concluding Comment
314(3)
Social Work Practice with the Elderly
317(28)
Prefatory Comment
317(1)
General Population Figures
318(4)
Sex Ratios
319(1)
Racial and Ethnic Diversity
320(1)
Income and Assets
320(1)
Educational Background
321(1)
Health Status and Needs
321(1)
Ecosystems Model Analysis
322(6)
Historical Factors
323(1)
Environmental-Structural Factors
324(1)
Culture
325(1)
Family Issues
326(1)
Individual Issues
327(1)
Intervention Strategies with the Elderly
328(1)
Mental Health and the Elderly
329(8)
Micro Practice with the Elderly
331(4)
Macro Practice with the Elderly
335(2)
Emerging Issues and Trends
337(3)
Economic Improvements
337(1)
Housing Improvements
338(1)
Enhancing Health: The Need for Continuing Care
339(1)
Concluding Comment
340(5)
Social Work Practice with People with Disabilities
345(24)
Prefatory Comment
345(1)
Social Work Practice with People with Disabilities
346(1)
Defining Disability
347(8)
Demographic Considerations
348(7)
Other Risks Associated with Disability
355(1)
Disability and the Minority Model
355(2)
Societal Responses to Disability
357(3)
Social Workers and People with Disabilities
358(2)
The Ecosystems Model and People with Disabilities
360(4)
Emerging Issues for Social Work Practice with People with Disabilities
364(1)
Concluding Comment
365(4)
Section C THE RURAL, URBAN, AND SUBURBAN CONTEXT OF SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE369(65)
Social Work Practice in Rural Areas: Appalachia as a Case Example
371(26)
Prefatory Comment
371(1)
Characteristics of the Rural United States
372(3)
The Land
372(1)
The Economy
373(1)
The People
373(2)
The Communities
375(1)
Social Welfare in Rural Areas
375(2)
Implications for Social Work Practice in Rural Areas
377(2)
Micro Practice in Rural Areas
378(1)
Macro Practice in Rural Areas
378(1)
Rural Social Work Practice in Appalachia
379(7)
Characteristics of Appalachia
380(6)
Social Welfare in Rural Appalachia
386(6)
Micro Practice in Appalachia
388(2)
Macro Practice in Appalachia
390(2)
Concluding Comment
392(5)
Urban and Suburban Gangs: The Psychosocial Crisis Spreads
397(37)
Prefatory Comment
397(1)
Understanding Gangs
398(10)
Definition of a Gang
398(4)
Theories of Gangs
402(1)
The Prevalence of Gangs
403(1)
Types of Gangs
404(3)
Age Levels and Gender
407(1)
The Ecosystems Model
408(11)
History of Gangs
408(3)
Environmental-Structural Factors
411(1)
Cultural Factors
412(2)
Family Factors
414(2)
The Individual
416(3)
Urban and Suburban Gang Homicidal-Suicidal Behavior
419(5)
Micro Intervention with Homicidal-Suicidal Gang Members
424(3)
Macro Intervention with Gangs
427(1)
Concluding Comment
428(6)
SECTION D RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CULTURE IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS434(128)
Social Work Practice with Asian Americans
437(26)
Prefatory Comment
437(1)
Demographics
438(2)
Gender
438(1)
Socioeconomic Issues
439(1)
Housing and Health Status
440(1)
Health and Mental Health Risk Factors
440(1)
Ethnic Group Stressors
441(1)
Service Systems
442(2)
Service Delivery
442(1)
Role of the Social Worker
443(1)
Service Gaps and Needs
443(1)
Micro Practice Perspectives
444(2)
The Problem-Solving Approach
444(2)
Ecosystems Model Framework
446(7)
Historical Factors
446(3)
Environmental-Structural Factors
449(1)
Culture
449(1)
The Family
450(2)
The Individual
452(1)
Micro Case Example
453(2)
Macro Practice Perspectives
455(2)
Emerging Issues
457(1)
Concluding Comment
458(5)
Social Work Practice with American Indians and Alaskan Natives
463(28)
Prefatory Comment
463(1)
Current Demographics
464(3)
Socioeconomic Issues
464(1)
Education
465(1)
Health and Mental Health Issues
465(1)
Native American Youth
466(1)
Ecosystems Framework
467(5)
Historical Influences
467(2)
Environmental-Structural Factors
469(1)
Native American Cultural Considerations
470(1)
Family Considerations
471(1)
Individual Considerations
471(1)
Micro Social Work Practice with American Indians
472(10)
Relationship Strategies
472(1)
Intervention Strategies
473(2)
Casework Intervention
475(3)
Social Group Work and Family Interventions
478(4)
Macro Social Work Practice with Native Americans
482(3)
Native American Urban Community Case Study
483(2)
The Future
485(1)
Concluding Comment
486(5)
Social Work Practice with Mexican Americans
491(28)
Prefatory Comment
491(1)
Mexican Americans: A Heterogeneous Population
492(2)
Demographic Profile
494(2)
Mexican Americans (Latinos) in Social Work Literature
496(2)
Ecosystems Model
498(7)
Historical Factors
499(2)
Environmental-Structural Factors
501(2)
Cultural Factors: Barrio Service Systems
503(1)
Family Factors
503(2)
Individual Factors
505(1)
Micro Social Work Practice
505(4)
Macro Social Work Practice
509(3)
Concluding Comment
512(7)
Social Work Practice with African Americans
519(22)
Prefatory Comment
519(1)
Responding to African American Needs
520(1)
Who Are the African Americans?
520(3)
African American Culture and Life-style
523(5)
Language and Communication
523(2)
Family Structures and Dynamics
525(1)
Religion
526(1)
Relationships with Social Institutions
527(1)
Social Work Intervention
528(7)
Theoretical Frameworks
529(1)
Presenting Problems
530(2)
Assessing the Problem
532(1)
Establishing a Working Relationship
533(2)
The Problem-Solving Process
535(1)
Concluding Comment
536(5)
Social Work Practice with Puerto Ricans
541(21)
Prefatory Comment
541(1)
Current Demographics
542(3)
Population
542(1)
Education
542(1)
Socioeconomic Characteristics of Puerto Ricans: 1980--1990
543(1)
Characteristics of Poverty
543(2)
Health and Mental Health Risk Factors
545(5)
Discussion of Cases
549(1)
General Data on Health Care and Puerto Ricans
550(1)
Beliefs and Practices That Influence Puerto Ricans' Health
551(1)
Ecosystems Perspective
552(6)
Historical Influences
552(2)
Environmental--Structural Factors
554(1)
Puerto Rican Culture
555(2)
Family Structure
557(1)
Intervention Strategies
558(1)
Concluding Comment
558(4)
Part Five THE SOCIAL WORKER IN ACTION562(37)
The Social Worker in Action: A High School Homicide Case
565(34)
Prefatory Comment
565(1)
Background to the Case
565(3)
Homicides Are in Every Community
566(1)
Criminal versus Felony Homicides
566(1)
The Olas Family Services Center
566(1)
A School Homicide Shocks Any Community
567(1)
Social Work Psychosocial Intervention
568(2)
Mobilizing the Agency and Staff for Action
568(1)
Crises Breed Mixed Emotions
569(1)
Building Staff Cohesion
569(1)
Social Workers Respond to the Challenge
570(1)
Applying Crisis Theory to the Tasks at Hand
570(1)
Natural versus Man-Made Disasters
570(1)
The Unique, Subjective Perception and Response to a Crisis
571(1)
Biopsychosocial Considerations in Responses to Crises
571(1)
Mobilizing Related Mental Health Disciplines
571(2)
Developing a School-Based Intervention Strategy
572(1)
Reaching Out to Related High-Risk Groups
572(1)
Developing an Appropriate Clinical Intervention
572(1)
Dealing with the Media
573(3)
Confronting Rumors
573(1)
Fears Immobilize Schoolchildren
573(1)
Presenting Accurate Facts
574(1)
Involving the Elected Officials
574(1)
Contacting the Minority Communities
574(1)
Cooperation by the Media Is Rewarded
575(1)
One Suspect Eludes Arrest
575(1)
A Town Tries to Heal
576(4)
A Right to a Speedy Trial
576(1)
The Death Penalty Phase of the Trial
576(4)
The Report: A Psychosocial Evaluation
580(7)
Data and Diagnosis
581(4)
The Defendant's Value to Society
585(2)
The Report Is Challenged by the People
587(3)
Social Workers Can't Diagnose
587(1)
The District Attorney Scores Major Rulings
587(1)
Reported History versus Corroboration
588(1)
Clinical High-Risk versus Courtroom High-Risk Perception
588(1)
The Defendant's Value to Society?
589(1)
The Competition
589(1)
The Verdict
589(1)
A Social Worker's Work Is Never Finished
590(5)
Regenerating Interest after a Crisis Is Over
591(4)
Concluding Comment
595(4)
Name Index599(6)
Subject Index605

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