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Social Work With Groups

ISBN: 9780830414437 | 0830414436
Edition: 4th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Brooks Cole
Pub. Date: 1/1/1997

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Table of Contents
Contributing Authorsxvii
Prefacexix
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL GROUP WORK
Types of Groups: Their Nature and Development
3(28)
... MORE
Historical Development of Group Work
4(10)
Settlement Houses
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)
Types of Groups
6(8)
Social Conversation
Recreation/Skill Building
Education
Task
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Focus
Self-Help
Socialization
Therapy
Sensitivity and Encounter Training
Initial Development of Groups
14(3)
Determining Objectives
Size Open-Ended vs. Closed-Ended Groups
Duration
The Stages of a Group
17(2)
Intake
Selection of Members
Assessment and Planning
Group Development and Intervention
Evaluation and Termination
Models of Group Development over Time
19(4)
Garland, Jones, and Kolodny Model
Tuckman Model
Bales Model
Group Cohesion
23(1)
Membership and Reference Groups
24(1)
Breaking the Ice
25(1)
Experiential Learning
26(2)
Pitfalls to Avoid in Conducting Class Exercises
Ethics and Guidelines for Conducting Exercises
Group Exercises
28(3)
Getting Acquainted
Introducing a Partner
Personal Expectations for the Group
Searching for Descriptors
Social Group Work and Social Work Practice
31(38)
Definition of Social Work
32(1)
Relationship Between Social Work and Social Welfare
32(1)
What Is the Profession of Social Work?
33(1)
Generalist Social Work Practice
34(2)
The Change Process
36(5)
Defining Issues
Collecting and Assessing Data
Planning and Contracting
Identifying Alternative Interventions
Selecting and Implementing Appropriate Courses of Action
Using Appropriate Research to Monitor and Evaluate Outcomes
Applying Appropriate Research-Based Knowledge and Technological Advances
Termination
A Variety of Roles
41(3)
Enabler
Broker
Advocate
Empowerer
Activist
Mediator
Negotiator
Educator
Initiator
Coordinator
Researcher
Group Facilitator
Public Speaker
A Systems Perspective
44(1)
Medical Model vs. Ecological Model of Human Behavior
45(4)
Medical Model
Ecological Model
Goals of Social Work Practice
49(2)
Enhance the Clients' Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities
Link Clients with Systems That Provide Resources, Services, and Opportunities
Promote the Effective and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide Resources and Services
Develop and Improve Social Policy
A Problem-Solving Approach
51(1)
Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Practice
51(4)
Social Casework
Case Management
Group Work
Group Therapy
Family Therapy
Community Organization
Policy Analysis
Administration
Knowledge, Skills, and Values Needed for Social Work Practice
55(7)
Knowledge
Core Practice Skills
Values
Objectives of Social Work Education
62(2)
Social Group Work as a Component of Social Work Practice
64(1)
Group Exercises
65(4)
Options Planning
Social Work with Groups and Generalist Practice
PART TWO LEADING GROUPS
Leadership Roles, Functions, and Guidelines
69(22)
Approaches to Leadership
70(4)
The Trait Approach
The Position Approach
The Leadership-Style Approach
The Distributed-Functions Approach
Leadership Roles
74(2)
Task and Maintenance Roles
Other Roles
Power and Influence in Groups
76(1)
Power Bases in Groups
77(2)
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Legitimate Power
Referent Power
Expert Power
Effects of Unequal Power
79(2)
Guidelines for Forming and Leading a Group
81(7)
Homework
Planning a Session
Relaxing Before You Start a Meeting
Cues upon Entering the Meeting Room
Seating Arrangements
Introductions
Clarifying Roles
Agenda
Additional Guidelines for Leading a Group
Group Exercises
88(3)
Desensitizing Fears of Leading a Group
Task Functions and Group Maintenance Functions
Power Bases
Types of Influence
Personal Goals, Group Goals, and the Nominal Group
91(10)
Personal Goals
92(2)
Hidden Agendas
Establishing Group Goals
94(3)
Operational and Measurable Goals
Competition vs. Cooperation
The Nominal Group Approach
97(1)
Group Exercises
98(3)
Setting Personal and Group Goals
A Sphinx Foundation Grant
The Nominal Group Approach
Group Norms and Problems of Conformity
101(20)
How Norms Are Learned and Developed
102(1)
Conformity
103(3)
Idiosyncrasy Credits
Dos and Don'ts of Norms
106(1)
Problems of Conformity
106(9)
Types of Disruptive Behavior
Handling Disruptive Behavior
Reducing the Likelihood of Disruptive Behavior
Group Exercises
115(6)
The Autokinetic Effect
Identifying and Changing Group Norms
An Ornery Instructor
How Group Decisions Affect Values
Confrontation and I-Messages
Confronting and Being Confronted by Others
Working with Minority Groups
121(18)
Your Stereotypes and Preconceptions
123(3)
Knowledge about Minority Groups
126(3)
Which Intervention Techniques Work?
129(3)
The RAP Framework for Leading Multiracial Groups
132(2)
Recognize
Anticipate
Problem Solve
Group Exercises
134(5)
Whom Wouldn't You Marry?
Coming Out of the Closet
Spaceship to Futura
PART THREE COMMUNICATION IN GROUPS
Verbal Communication
139(22)
A Model of Communication
140(3)
One-Way Communication
Two-Way Communication
Perception
143(7)
The Perceptual Process
Physiological Influences
Sociopsychological Influences
Self-Disclosure
150(3)
The Johari Window
How to Communicate Effectively
153(4)
Sender
Receiver
Listening Skills
Active Listening
I-Messages
Collisions of Values
Group Exercises
157(4)
The Johari Window
Defense Mechanisms
Distortions in Transmitting Information
The Intruder
Active Listening
Nonverbal Communication
161(20)
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
162(1)
Repetition
Substitution
Accentuation
Regulation
Contradiction
The Risk of Misinterpretation
Forms of Nonverbal Communication
163(11)
Posture
Body Orientation
Facial Expressions
Eye Contact
Gestures
Touching
Clothing
Personal Boundaries
Territoriality
Voice
Physical Appearance
Environment
Other Nonverbal Cues
Group Exercises
174(7)
Chairs, Stickpins, and Coat Hangers
Nonverbal Cues
A Popular Faculty Member
Double Message
The Flat Tire
Communicating While Blindfolded
Giving and Receiving Feedback about Nonverbal Communication
Zones of Personal Space
PART FOUR PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING GROUPS
Problem Solving, Controversy, and Conflict Resolution
181(24)
Problem-Solving Approach
182(2)
Identification and Definition
Assessment of Size and Causes
Development of Alternative Strategies
Assessment of Strategies
Selection and Implementation
Evaluation
Barriers to Effective Problem Solving
184(1)
Inadequate Definitions
Invalid Hypotheses
Inadequate Communication
Lack of Skills
Lack of Resources
Lack of Motivation
Brainstorming
185(1)
Conflict
186(1)
Controversy
187(2)
Win-Lose Approach
Problem-Solving Approach
Creativity
189(1)
No-Lose Problem Solving
190(1)
Intergroup Conflict
190(2)
Techniques for Resolving Conflicts
192(4)
Role Reversal
Empathy
Inquiry
I-Messages
Disarming
Stroking
Mediation
Group Exercises
196(9)
Suspended from High School
Brainstorming
Busing to Achieve Racial Integration
Creative Thinking
The Manhattan Glass
Brainteasers
Resolving Conflicts
Decision Making
205(14)
The Bases of Decisions
206(1)
Approaches to Decision Making
207(4)
Consensus
Simple Majority Vote
Two-Thirds or Three-Fourths Majority Vote
Delegated Decisions
Multiple Voting
Averaging Individual Opinions
Group vs. Individual Decision Making
211(2)
Groupthink
Group Exercises
213(6)
Hard Choices---Funding Social Programs
Consensus
Subjective Influences on Merit Raises
Parliamentary Procedure
219(14)
Basic Rules
220(1)
Motions
220(3)
Primary and Secondary Motions
Debating and Voting on Motions
Other Rules and Procedures
223(1)
Quorum
Agenda
Elections
Constitution and Bylaws
The Roles of Officers
224(1)
Chairperson
Secretary
Treasurer
The Operation of Committees
225(1)
Group Exercises
226(7)
Running a Meeting Using Parliamentary Rules
Parliamentary Bingo
PART FIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES
Organizations and Groups
233(16)
The Relationship Between a Group and an Organization
234(1)
Models of Organizations
235(7)
The Autocratic Model
The Custodial Model
The Scientific Management Model
The Human Relations Model
Theory X and Theory Y
The Collegial Model
Theory Z
Management by Objectives
Total Quality Management
Surviving in a Bureaucracy
242(4)
Group Exercises
246(3)
Analyzing a Human Services Organization
Understanding and Applying Models of Organization
Theory X and Theory Y
Communities and Groups
249(12)
The Relationship Between a Group and a Community
250(1)
Framework for Analyzing a Community
251(1)
Models of Community Practice
252(6)
Locality Development Model
Social Planning Model
Social Action Model
Group Exercises
258(3)
Analyzing a Community
Analyzing Community Change
PART SIX SELF-HELP AND EDUCATIONAL GROUPS
Self-Help Groups
261(10)
Monded Hearts: An Example
262(1)
Definition and Characteristics
262(2)
Types of Self-Help Groups
264(1)
Katz and Bender Classification
Powerll Classification
Why Self-Help Groups Are Beneficial
265(1)
Linkage with Social Workers
266(2)
Starting a Self-Help Group
268(2)
Group Exercises
270(1)
Alcoholics Anonymous
Combatting AIDS
Stress Management
271(19)
Conceptualizing Stress
272(3)
Reactions to Stress
Stressors
Optimal Levels of Stress
Long-Term Distress
275(2)
Burn-Out
277(3)
A Reaction to High Stress Levels
Structural Causes of Burn-Out
Approaches to Managing Stress and Preventing Burn-Out
280(6)
Goal Setting and Time Management
Relaxation
Exercise
Taking Care of Your Physical Self
Social Support Groups
Talking to Others
Positive Thinking
Changing Stress-Producing Thoughts
Changing or Adapting to Distressing Events
Personal Pleasures
Group Exercises
286(4)
Resolving Current Stressors
Relaxing Through Meditation
Time Management
290(15)
A Time-Management Approach
291(3)
Set Goals
Prioritize Goals
List Tasks for A Goals
Prioritize Tasks
Schedule Tasks
Time-Saver Tips
294(2)
Planning Tomorrow
Concentrated Study
Best Use of Time
Writing Papers and Reports
Physical Environment
Saying ``No'' Assertively
Deadlines
Avoid ``Shoulds''
Be Optimistic
Amount of Sleep
Relaxation
Other Study Hints
Overcoming Procrastination
296(2)
Swiss Cheese Approach
Other Suggestions
Advantages of Time Management
298(1)
Group Exercises
298(7)
Setting High-Value Goals and Tasks
Time Diagram
Putting an End to Procrastination
Internal Prime Time
PART SEVEN THERAPEUTIC GROUPS
Starting and Leading Therapy Groups
305(20)
Preparation and Homework
306(3)
Relaxing Before Starting a Session
309(1)
Cues upon Entering the Meeting Room
309(1)
Seating Arrangements
309(1)
Introductions
310(1)
Clarifying Roles
311(1)
Building Rapport
311(1)
Exploring Problems in Depth
312(1)
Exploring Alternative Solutions
313(2)
Ending a Session
315(1)
Ending a Group
316(2)
Co-Facilitating Groups
318(2)
Legal Safeguards for Group Facilitators
320(1)
Setting Professional Boundaries with Clients
320(2)
Group Exercises
322(3)
Developing Counseling Skills with Role Playing
Group Therapy in Action
Client-Centered Therapy in Groups
325(7)
Theory of Therapy
326(3)
Clarification or Reflection of Feelings
Restatement of Content
Simple Acceptance
Using Client-Centered Therapy in Groups
329(2)
Group Exercise
331(1)
Client-Centered Therapy in Action
Transactional Analysis in Groups
332(11)
Games
333(3)
Social and Psychological Levels
Payoffs
Types of Games
Game Analysis
336(1)
Life Scripts
337(3)
Script Analysis
340(1)
Group Exercises
340(3)
Game Analysis
Destructive Life Scripts
Analyzing Your Own Life Scripts
Reality Therapy in Groups
343(11)
Theory of Therapy
345(7)
Responsible Behavior
Mental Illness Labels Are Destructive
Involved Relationship
Focus on Present and Future
Focus on Behavior Rather Than on Feelings
Value Judgments
Planning
Reject Excuses
Eliminate Punishment
Do Not Offer Sympathy
Rarely Ask Why
Praise Responsible Behavior
Question Traditional Case Histories
Foster Success Experiences
Using Reality Therapy in Groups
352(1)
Group Exercises
353(1)
Counseling with Reality Therapy
Mental Illness Debate
Rational Therapy in Groups
354(15)
Theory of Therapy
355(2)
Changing Unwanted Emotions
357(3)
Meaningful Activity
Changing Self-Talk
Changing the Distressing Event
Destructive Ways of Dealing with Unwanted Emotions
Assessing and Changing Dysfunctional Behavior
360(4)
What Really Causes Psychological Changes Via Psychotherapy?
364(1)
Using Rational Therapy in Groups
365(1)
Group Exercises
366(3)
Changing Unwanted Emotions with Self-Talk
Writing a Rational Self-Analysis
Positive Affirmations
Assessing and Changing Dysfunctional Behavior
Behavior Therapy in Groups
369(22)
Types of Learning Processes
370(3)
Operant Conditioning
Respondent Conditioning
Modeling
Theory of Behavior Therapy
373(1)
Assertiveness Training
374(5)
Nonassertive, Aggressive, and Assertive Behaviors
Assertiveness Training in Groups
Token Economies
379(1)
Contingency Contracting
380(1)
Cognitive Behavior Techniques
381(4)
Thought Stopping and Covert Assertion
Diversion Techniques
Reframing
Group Exercises
385(6)
Role Playing Assertive Behavior
Giving and Receiving Compliments
Expressing Anger Constructively
Identifying and Accepting Personal Rights
Contingency Contracting
Reframing
Feminist Intervention in Groups
391(10)
Definition of Feminist Intervention
392(1)
Principles of Feminist Therapy
393(2)
Using Feminist Intervention in Groups
395(1)
Evaluation
396(2)
Group Exercises
398(3)
Feminist Intervention in Counseling
Are You a Feminist?
Double Standards
Family Therapy
401(26)
Verbal Communication
402(3)
Avenues of Communication
Nonverbal Communication
405(1)
Family Group Norms
405(2)
Family Roles
407(1)
Personal and Group Goals
408(1)
Hidden Agendas
Family Conflicts and Problems, and Their Resolution
409(6)
Marital Difficulties
Parent/Child Relationship Difficulties
Personal Problems of Individual Family Members
External Environmental Stresses
Three Approaches to Family Therapy
415(6)
A Communication Pattern Approach
A Family Subsystem Approach
A Functional Approach
Group Exercises
421(6)
The Stizke Family
You and Your Family
Analyzing Your Family in Terms of Group Concepts
Grief Management
427(19)
Grief: Some Basic Points
428(1)
The Grieving Process
429(3)
Kubler-Ross Model
Westberg Model
How to Help Others Cope
432(1)
Relating to the Terminally Ill
433(1)
Relating to Survivors
434(1)
Becoming Comfortable with Your Own Death
435(4)
Group Exercises
439(7)
Coping with a Loss
Becoming Comfortable with the Idea of Your Own Death
Recognizing Life is Terminal
Achieving Closure in a Lost Relationship
Epitaphs
Desensitizing Fears about Dying
Expressing Empathy and Support to a Griever
Conveying a Death Message
Interventions with Chemical Dependence
446(17)
The Nature of Chemical Dependence
447(2)
Key Concepts
Symptoms
Recovery from Chemical Dependence
449(1)
Stages of Recovery
Intervention Process
450(9)
Medical Treatment
Individual Counseling
Family Counseling
Group Counseling
Group Exercises
459(4)
Best Friend
Evaluating the Need for Acceptance
Learning to Take Risks
Activities: Drug Abuse and Intervention
Interventions with Eating Disorders
463(22)
Definitions
464(2)
The Relationships Among the Eating Disorders
Initiating Factors
466(3)
Physiological Considerations
Psychological and Emotional Problems
Dysfunctional Family Systems
Influence of Society and the Media
Behavioral Indicators
469(3)
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Compulsive Overeating
Intervention Process
472(4)
Group Work with Persons with Eating Disorders
476(2)
Group Selection Criteria
Group Structure
Preparing Members for Group Participation
Summary and Referral Resources
478(1)
Group Exercises
479(6)
Eating Disorder Lifeline
Body Awareness
It's No Good Unless I Can Finish and See It!
I See Me...You See Me...
Interventions with Domestic Violence
485(16)
Domestic Violence in Perspective
486(1)
Theories of Domestic Violence
487(2)
Sociological Perspective
Learned Helplessness
Feminist Theory
Addictive System and the Addictive Process
489(1)
Family Systems
490(1)
Intervention
491(1)
Working with Women
491(2)
Working with Children
493(1)
Working with Men
493(1)
Working with the Community
494(1)
Group Exercises
495(6)
Closeness to Significant Others
The Addictive Process
Violence and Intimidation
PART EIGHT SENSITIVITY GROUPS
Identity Formation and Values Clarification
501(24)
Status vs. Role Identity
502(1)
Developing an Identity
503(3)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
An Identity-Formation Approach
506(1)
Positive Thinking
507(1)
Changing a Failure Identity
508(3)
Clarifying Values
511(2)
Value Code
Learned Values
Group Exercises
513(12)
Who Am I?
Improving Self-Concepts
Feeling Good about Ourselves
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Social Work Value Issues
Olga and Igor
The Miracle Workers
Genie and the Magic Lantern
Pregnancy and Tragedy
Political Action
The $100 Million-Dollar Lottery Ticket
Trust Walk
Desensitization to Sexual Issues
525(21)
The Importance of Desensitization
526(3)
The Process of Desensitization
529(3)
Becoming Aware of Personal Values
Examining Personal Values
Differentiating between Personal and Professional Values
Maintaining a Nonjudgmental Professional Approach
Acquisition of Knowledge
532(9)
Sex Education
Sex Education in the Age of AIDS
Development of Professional Skills
541(1)
Group Exercises
541(5)
A Sexual Question
Am I a Homosexual?
Dirty Word Barrage
Talking Sex with Adolescents
Who Is Sexually Oppressed?
Improving Interpersonal Relationships
546(19)
Romantic Love and Rational Love
547(7)
The Pitfalls of Romantic Love
The Rewards of Rational Love
Stages in a Relationship
Improving an Intimate Relationship
Improving Other Close Relationships
Sociometry
554(5)
Giving a Sociometric Test
Analyzing the Results
Applications
Group Exercises
559(6)
A Lifeline of a Relationship
Resolving Anger Issues
Communicating Likes and Dislikes in a Relationship
Is It Romantic Love or Rational Love?
A Sociometric Test of This Class
PART NINE TERMINATION AND EVALUATION
Ending a Group
565(22)
Termination
566(4)
Termination of a Successful Group
Termination of an Unsuccessful Group
A Member Dropping Out
Transfer of a Member
The Leader Leaving
Evaluation
570(4)
Process Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
Group Exercise
574(5)
Evaluating and Ending the Class
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Answers to Exercises in Chapter 9
579(2)
Appendix B: Definitions of Parliamentary Terms
581(6)
Notes587(14)
Index601

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