1 What Does Writing Involve?

a    Why write?

b    What does it take to write well?

c    How does writing work?

d    How do you define a writing situation?

e    How do you define your purpose(s) for writing?

f     How do you write for an audience?

g    How do you present yourself to readers?

2 How Do You Find and Explore a Topic?

a    How do you find a topic?

b    How do you refine your topic?

c    How do you explore and develop a topic?

d    How do you write a topic proposal?

3 How Do You Focus and Organize a Writing Project?

a    How do you craft a thesis statement?

b    How do you avoid plagiarism?

c    How do you organize a writing project?

d    How do you outline a paper?

e    How do you choose a title?

4 How Do You Write a Draft?

a    How do you start a draft?

b    How do you keep a draft on track?

c    When should you take a break?

d    How do you know when you have a solid draft?

e    How do you work on a draft collaboratively?

5 How Do You Revise, Edit, and Proofread?

a    What does revising involve?

b    What does editing involve?

c    What does proofreading involve?

d    How do you help another writer revise, edit, and proofread?

PART II Writing for Academic and Public Forums

6 How Do You Write in College?

a    How do you write a successful academic paper?

b    How do you write on essay examinations?

7 How Do You Write for the Public?

a    How do you write outside the classroom?

b    How do you write in service-learning courses?

8 How Do You Read and Think Critically?

a    How do you read to understand complex material?

b    How do you think critically about your reading?

c    How do you critically interpret charts, tables, and graphs?

d    How do you write a response paper?

9 How Do Written and Visual Arguments Work?   

a    What is an argument?      

b    How do visual arguments work? 

c    How can you recognize and avoid fallacies?

10 How Do You Write Powerful Arguments?

a    How do you construct a solid written argument?

b    How do you write an argument that appeals to readers?

c    How do you effectively address other viewpoints?

11 How Do You Write About Literature and Film?

a    What elements should you look for when you read literature or view film?

b    What approaches can you use to write about literature and film?

c    What sources can you use in writing essays about literature and film?       

d    How do you develop a paper that analyzes literature or film?

PART III Style

12 What Makes Paragraphs Work?

a    How do you construct unified paragraphs?

b    How can you organize paragraphs?

c    How long should a paragraph be?

13 How Do You Craft Opening and Closing Paragraphs?

a    What makes an opening paragraph effective?

b    What makes a closing paragraph effective?

14 How Do You Manage Transitions?

a    How do you spot problems with transitions?

b    How can you solve problems with transitions?

15 What Kinds of Language Can You Use?

a    How formal should your writing be?

b    What’s denotation and connotation?

c    How do you improve readability?

d    How do you keep language civil?

e    Do you understand dialects?

16 How Do You Construct Effective Sentences?

a    How are sentences structured?

b    What do modifiers do?

c    What are phrases?

d    What do clauses do in sentences?

e    What types of sentences can you write?

f     How does coordination build sentences?

g    How does subordination build sentences?

h    How does parallelism work?

i     How do you craft balanced sentences?

j     How do you craft cumulative sentences?

17 How Do You Write Stylish Sentences?

a    What are agent/action sentences?

b    How can you achieve clarity?

c    How can you reduce wordiness?

d    How can you achieve sentence variety?

e    How do you use figurative language?

PART IV Design and Shape of Writing

18 How Do You Design Documents?

a    How do you design documents with a computer?

b    How do you lay out pages?

c    How do you choose type?

d    How do you add charts and images?

e    How do you work with color?

19 How Do You Write Professional and Business Documents?

a    How do you write formal e-mails?

b    How do you write formal letters?

c    How do you write application letters?

d    How do you write résumés?

e    How do you write a personal statement?

f     How do you prepare for interviews?

g    How do you write official memos?

h    How do you design newsletters?

i     How do you design brochures?

20 How Do You Design and Deliver an Oral Presentation?

a    How do you plan oral presentations?       

b    How do you script what you’ll say?

c    How do you create audio-visual aids?

d    How do you speak before an audience?

21 How Do You Write for the Web?

a    When should you use social media at school?

b    How do you participate on class Web sites?

c    How do you write for wikis, blogs, and other Web 2.0 environments?

d    How do you establish your ethos online?

PART V Grammar

22 Questions About Subject-Verb Agreement?

a    Agreement: Is the subject singular or plural?

b    Agreement: Is the subject an indefinite pronoun?

c    Agreement: Is the subject a collective noun?

d    Agreement: Is the subject separated from its verb?

e    Agreement: Is the subject hard to identify?

23 Questions About Verb Tense, Voice, and Mood?

a    How do you choose verb tenses?

b    How do regular and irregular verbs differ?

c    Problems with tense in parallel constructions?

d    Questions about tense consistency in longer passages?     

e    Do you understand active and passive voice?

f     What is the subjunctive mood and how do you use it?

24 Questions About Verbals?

a    What are verbals?

b    How do verbals cause sentence fragments?

c    What is a split infinitive?

25 Questions About Plurals, Possessives, and Articles?

a    How are nouns made plural?

b    Questions about possessives?

c    Should it be a or an?

26 Questions About Pronoun Reference?   

a    Do pronouns lack antecedents?   

b    Are pronoun references unclear?

c    Questions about this, that, which, and it?

27 Questions About Pronoun Agreement?

a    Do antecedents and pronouns agree in number?

b    Questions about agreement with indefinite pronouns?

c    Treat collective nouns as singular or plural?

d    Questions about agreement with conjunctions?

28 Questions About Pronoun Case?

a    Questions about pronouns in subjective and objective case?

b    Difficulties with possessive pronouns?

c    Confused by its/it’s and whose/who’s?

29 Questions About Pronoun Choices?

a    When to use I, we, you, or one? 

b    Do your pronouns treat both sexes fairly?

c    Questions about that, which, and who?    

d    Questions about reflexive and intensive pronouns?

30 Questions About Modifiers?

a    What’s the problem with misplaced or dangling modifiers?

b    Where should adjectives go?

c    How do you get predicate adjectives right?

d    Questions about absolute adjectives?

e    Questions about adverb form?

f     Where should adverbs go?

g    What’s wrong with double negatives?

h    How do comparatives and superlatives differ?

i     Questions about nonessential and essential modifiers?

31 Is English a Second Language for You (ESOL)?

a    Common problem areas for ESOL writers

b    Finding other ESOL resources

32 Questions About Verbs (ESOL)?

a    Which verb tense should you use?

b    How do you use transitive and intransitive verbs?

c    How do you use two-word and three-word verbs?

d    Which modal should you use?

33 Questions About Gerunds, Infinitives, Articles, or Number (ESOL)?

a    How do you use gerunds and infinitives?  

b    Questions about articles and number agreement?

PART VI Punctuation and Mechanics

34 How Do You Punctuate Sentence Endings?

a    When do you use periods?

b    When do you use question marks?

c    When should you use exclamation marks?

35 Problems with Sentence Boundaries: Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-ons?

a    How do you identify and fix sentence fragments?

b    When are fragments acceptable?

c    How can you avoid comma splices?

d    How can you fix run-on sentences?

36 How Do You Use Commas?        

a    When do commas separate items in a sentence?

b    When should commas enclose words and phrases?

c    When are commas connect parts of a sentence?

d    Where are commas not necessary or wrong?

e    What special uses do commas have?

37 Questions About Semicolons and Colons?

a    When do you use semicolons?

b    When do you use colons?

38 How Do You Use Quotation Marks and Ellipses?

a    When do you use quotation marks?

b    When do you use ellipses?

39 How Do Parentheses and Brackets Differ?

a    When do you use parentheses?

b    When do you use brackets?

40 Questions About Dashes, Hyphens, and Slashes?

a    When do you use an em dash?

b    When do you use an en dash?

c    When do you use hyphens?

d    When do you use slashes?

41 Questions About Italics and Capitalization?

a    When do you use italics?

b    When do you capitalize?

42 Questions About Abbreviations and Numbers?

a    How do you handle abbreviations?

b    How do you handle numbers?

PART VII Research and Writing

43 How Do You Plan a Research Project?

a    How do you claim a topic?

b    How do you develop a research project?

c    How do you schedule a research project?

44 How Do You Find Information?  

a    How do you find information?     

b    How do you search with keywords?

45 How Do You Evaluate Sources? 

a    How do sources differ?   

b    How do you evaluate source materials?

46 How Do You Use Sources Responsibly?

a    How do you annotate research materials?

b    Should you summarize or paraphrase a source?

c    How do you avoid plagiarism?

47 How Do You Manage Quotations Effectively?

a    How do you choose quotations?

b    How do you introduce quotations and source materials?

c    How may you modify direct quotations?

d    What conventions govern direct quotations?

48 How Do You Produce a Final Draft?

a    Is the organization solid?

b    Is the format correct?

PART VIII Documentation

49 How Do You Document a Research Paper?

a    What are documentation styles?

b    How do you document a research project?

c    Where do you find information to document a source?

50 How Do You Use MLA Documentation?

a    Insert in-text notes wherever you use sources in the body of your paper.

b    List all cited sources on a separate “Works Cited” page.

c    Sample research paper–MLA

51 How Do You Use APA Documentation?

a    How do you create in-text citations?

b    How do you create an APA References page?

c    Sample Empirical Research Paper–APA

52  How Do You Use CMS Documentation?

a    How CMS documentation work

b    Using CMS footnotes and endnotes

c    Formatting CMS footnotes and endnotes

d    Formatting CMS bibliographies

e    Sample literary analysis–CMS

Glossary of Terms and Usage  

Credits

Index

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