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Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQLreg; and Apache All in One Fourth Edition Julie C. Meloni Starter Kit CD-ROM includes a complete starter kit for Windowsreg;, Linuxreg;, and Macreg; OS X In just a short time, you can learn how to use PHP, MySQL, and Apache together to create dynamic, interactive websites and applications using the three leading open-source web development technologies. Using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, each lesson in this book builds on the previous ones, enabling you to learn the essentials of PHP scripting, MySQL databases, and the Apache web server from the ground up. Regardless of whether you run Linux, Windows, or Mac OS X, the enclosed CD includes a complete starter kit that lets you install all the software you need to set up a stable environment for learning, testing, and production. Learn how tohellip; Install, configure, and set up the PHP scripting language, the MySQL database system, and the Apache Web server Get these technologies to work together to create a dynamic, database-backed website Interact with MySQL using PHP Work with forms and files Create a web-based discussion forum or mailing list Add a storefront and shopping cart to your site Optimize your MySQL databases Fine-tune the Apache serverrs"s performance Restrict access to your applications Set up a secure web server Julie C. Meloni is the technical director for i2i Interactive, a multimedia company located in Los Altos, California. She has been developing web-based applications since the early days of the web, and is the author of several books and articles on web-based programming languages and database topics, includingSams Teach Yourself MySQL in 24 Hours. CD-ROM Includes A complete PHP, MySQL, and Apache starter kit for Windowsreg;, Linuxreg;, or Macreg; OS X. Category: Web Development Covers: PHP 5.2, MySQL 5, Apache 2.2 User Level: Beginning

Julie C. Meloni is the technical director for i2i Interactive (http://www.i2ii.com), a multimedia company located in Los Altos, California. She has been developing web-based applications since the Web first saw the light of day and remembers the excitement surrounding the first GUI web browser. She has authored numerous books and articles on web-based programming

languages and database topics, and you can find translations of her work in 15 different languages. She is also a fervent blogger and is the author of Sams Teach Yourself Blogging in a Snap. Most days, Julie can be found wandering the halls of Avery Hall on the campus of Washington State University, where she is a Ph.D. student in English who is quite interested in digital/social scholarship in the humanities.

Who Should Read This Book?	p. 1
How This Book Is Organized	p. 2
About the Book's Source Code	p. 3
Conventions Used in This Book	p. 3
Getting Up and Running
Installation QuickStart Guide
Linux/UNIX Installation	p. 7
Windows Installation	p. 10
Mac OS X Installation	p. 16
Troubleshooting	p. 20
Installing and Configuring MySQL
Current and Future Versions of MySQL	p. 21
How to Get MySQL	p. 22
Installing MySQL on Linux/UNIX	p. 22
Installing MySQL on Mac OS X	p. 24
Installing MySQL on Windows	p. 26
Troubleshooting Your Installation	p. 32
Basic Security Guidelines	p. 33
Introducing the MySQL Privilege System	p. 35
Working with User Privileges	p. 37
Summary	p. 39
Q&A	p. 40
Workshop	p. 40
Installing and Configuring Apache
Current and Future Versions of Apache	p. 43
Choosing the Appropriate Installation Method	p. 44
Installing Apache on Linux/UNIX	p. 45
Installing Apache on Mac OS X	p. 47
Installing Apache on Windows	p. 48
Apache Configuration File Structure	p. 50
Apache Log Files	p. 56
Apache-Related Commands	p. 57
Starting Apache for the First Time	p. 58
Troubleshooting	p. 60
Summary	p. 62
Q&A	p. 62
Workshop	p. 63
Installing and Configuring PHP
Current and Future Versions of PHP	p. 65
Building PHP on Linux/UNIX with Apache	p. 66
Installing PHP on Mac OS X	p. 69
Installing PHP on Windows	p. 71
php.ini Basics	p. 73
Testing Your Installation	p. 74
Getting Installation Help	p. 74
The Basics of PHP Scripts	p. 76
Summary	p. 81
Q&A	p. 81
Workshop	p. 82
PHP Language Structure
The Building Blocks of PHP
Variables	p. 87
Data Types	p. 90
Operators and Expressions	p. 96
Constants	p. 105
Summary	p. 107
Q&A	p. 107
Workshop	p. 108
Flow Control Functions in PHP
Switching Flow	p. 111
Loops	p. 117
Code Blocks and Browser Output	p. 125
Summary	p. 127
Q&A	p. 128
Workshop	p. 128
Working with Functions
What Is a Function?	p. 131
Calling Functions	p. 132
Defining a Function	p. 133
Returning Values from User-Defined Functions	p. 136
Variable Scope	p. 137
Saving State Between Function Calls with the static Statement	p. 140
More About Arguments	p. 142
Testing for the Existence of a Function	p. 145
Summary	p. 146
Q&A	p. 147
Workshop	p. 147
Working with Arrays	p. 149
What Are Arrays?	p. 149
Creating Arrays	p. 150
Some Array-Related Functions	p. 154
Summary	p. 156
Q&A	p. 156
Workshop	p. 156
Working with Objects	p. 159
Creating an Object	p. 159
Object Inheritance	p. 164
Summary	p. 166
Q&A	p. 166
Workshop	p. 167
Getting Involved with the Code
Working with Strings, Dates, and Time
Formatting Strings with PHP	p. 172
Investigating Strings in PHP	p. 180
Manipulating Strings with PHP	p. 184
Using Date and Time Functions in PHP	p. 191
Other String, Date, and Time Functions	p. 197
Summary	p. 197
Workshop	p. 198
Working with Forms
Creating a Simple Input Form	p. 201
Accessing Form Input with User-Defined Arrays	p. 203
Combining HTML and PHP Code on a Single Page	p. 206
Using Hidden Fields to Save State	p. 208
Redirecting the User	p. 209
Sending Mail on Form Submission	p. 211
Working with File Uploads	p. 217
Summary	p. 221
Workshop	p. 221
Working with Cookies and User Sessions
Introducing Cookies	p. 223
Setting a Cookie with PHP	p. 225
Deleting a Cookie with PHP	p. 227
Session Function Overview	p. 227
Starting a Session	p. 228
Working with Session Variables	p. 229
Passing Session IDs in the Query String	p. 233
Destroying Sessions and Unsetting Variables	p. 234
Using Sessions in an Environment with Registered Users	p. 234
Summary	p. 235
Q&A	p. 236
Workshop	p. 236
Working with Files and Directories
Including Files with include()	p. 239
Validating Files	p. 244
Creating and Deleting Files	p. 248
Opening a File for Writing, Reading, or Appending	p. 249
Reading from Files	p. 250
Writing or Appending to a File	p. 255
Working with Directories	p. 257
Opening Pipes to and from Processes Using popen()	p. 260
Running Commands with exec()	p. 262
Running Commands with system() or passthru()	p. 263
Summary	p. 265
Q&A	p. 266
Workshop	p. 266
Working with Images
Understanding the Image-Creation Process	p. 269
Necessary Modifications to PHP	p. 270
Drawing a New Image	p. 271
Getting Fancy with Pie Charts	p. 275
Modifying Existing Images	p. 279
Image Creation from User Input	p. 282
Using Images Created by Scripts	p. 286
Summary	p. 288
Q&A	p. 289
Workshop	p. 289
PHP and MySQL Integration
Understanding the Database Design Process
The Importance of Good Database Design	p. 293
Types of Table Relationships	p. 294
Understanding Normalization	p. 298
Following the Design Process	p. 301
Summary	p. 303
Q&A	p. 303
Workshop	p. 303
Learning Basic SQL Commands
Learning the MySQL Data Types	p. 306
Learning the Table Creation Syntax	p. 309
Using the INSERT Command	p. 310
Using the SELECT Command	p. 312
Using WHERE in Your Queries	p. 315
Selecting from Multiple Tables	p. 317
Using the UPDATE Command to Modify Records	p. 323
Using the REPLACE Command	p. 325
Using the DELETE Command	p. 326
Frequently Used String Functions in MySQL	p. 328
Using Date and Time Functions in MySQL	p. 336
Summary	p. 348
Q&A	p. 349
Workshop	p. 350
Using Transactions and Stored Procedures in MySQL
What Are Transactions?	p. 353
What Are Stored Procedures?	p. 357
Summary	p. 359
Q&A	p. 359
Workshop	p. 359
Interacting with MySQL Using PHP
MySQL Versus MySQLi Functions	p. 361
Connecting to MySQL with PHP	p. 361
Working with MySQL Data	p. 365
Summary	p. 371
Q&A	p. 372
Workshop	p. 372
Basic Projects
Managing a Simple Mailing List
Developing the Subscription Mechanism	p. 375
Developing the Mailing Mechanism	p. 383
Summary	p. 386
Q&A	p. 387
Workshop	p. 387
Creating an Online Address Book
Planning and Creating the Database Tables	p. 389
Creating an Include File for Common Functions	p. 392
Creating a Menu	p. 393
Creating the Record Addition Mechanism	p. 394
Viewing Records	p. 398
Creating the Record Deletion Mechanism	p. 405
Adding Subentries to a Record	p. 407
Summary	p. 412
Q&A	p. 413
Workshop	p. 413
Creating a Simple Discussion Forum
Designing the Database Tables	p. 415
Creating an Include File for Common Functions	p. 416
Creating the Input Forms and Scripts	p. 417
Displaying the Topic List	p. 421
Displaying the Posts in a Topic	p. 424
Adding Posts to a Topic	p. 428
Summary	p. 431
Q&A	p. 431
Workshop	p. 432
Creating an Online Storefront
Planning and Creating the Database Tables	p. 433
Displaying Categories of Items	p. 437
Displaying Items	p. 441
Summary	p. 444
Workshop	p. 444
Creating a Shopping Cart Mechanism
Planning and Creating the Database Tables	p. 445
Integrating the Cart with Your Storefront	p. 447
Payment Methods and the Checkout Sequence	p. 455
Summary	p. 457
Workshop	p. 458
Creating a Simple Calendar
Building a Simple Display Calendar	p. 459
Creating a Calendar Library	p. 473
Summary	p. 479
Q&A	p. 479
Workshop	p. 480
Restricting Access to Your Applications
Authentication Overview	p. 481
Apache Authentication Module Functionality	p. 483
Using Apache for Access Control	p. 488
Combining Apache Access Methods	p. 490
Limiting Access Based on HTTP Methods	p. 491
Restricting Access Based on Cookie Values	p. 492
Summary	p. 497
Q&A	p. 498
Workshop	p. 498
Logging and Monitoring Web Server Activity
Standard Apache Access Logging	p. 501
Standard Apache Error Logging	p. 507
Managing Apache Logs	p. 509
Logging Custom Information to a Database	p. 511
Summary	p. 515
Q&A	p. 516
Workshop	p. 516
Application Localization
About Internationalization and Localization	p. 517
About Character Sets	p. 518
Environment Modifications	p. 519
Creating a Localized Page Structure	p. 521
Summary	p. 526
Q&A	p. 526
Workshop	p. 527
Working with XML
What Is XML?	p. 529
Accessing XML in PHP Using DOM Functions	p. 532
Accessing XML in PHP Using SimpleXML Functions	p. 535
Summary	p. 538
Q&A	p. 538
Workshop	p. 539
Administration and Fine-Tuning
Apache Performance Tuning and Virtual Hosting
Scalability Issues	p. 543
Load Testing with ApacheBench	p. 547
Proactive Performance Tuning	p. 549
Preventing Abuse	p. 551
Implementing Virtual Hosting	p. 552
Summary	p. 557
Q&A	p. 557
Workshop	p. 558
Setting Up a Secure Web Server
The Need for Security	p. 561
The SSL Protocol	p. 562
Obtaining and Installing SSL Tools	p. 567
Managing Certificates	p. 570
SSL Configuration	p. 572
Summary	p. 573
Q&A	p. 574
Workshop	p. 574
Optimizing and Tuning MySQL
Building an Optimized Platform	p. 575
MySQL Startup Options	p. 577
Optimizing Your Table Structure	p. 579
Optimizing Your Queries	p. 580
Using the FLUSH Command	p. 581
Using the SHOW Command	p. 582
Summary	p. 588
Q&A	p. 589
Workshop	p. 589
Software Upgrades
Staying in the Loop	p. 591
Upgrading MySQL	p. 593
Upgrading Apache	p. 593
Upgrading PHP	p. 595
Summary	p. 595
Workshop	p. 596
Index	p. 597
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Introduction IntroductionWelcome toSams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One, Fourth Edition! In the previous edition, the majority of the modifications were around the ability to use both PHP 5 and MySQL 5 as core technologies. In the two years since the previous edition was released, little has changed: PHP 5 and MySQL 5 are solid, stable, and power a great number of the Web-based applications we use every day. Many hosting providers now offer PHP 5 by default, without support for PHP 4 (which has entered the "end of life" phase), thus ensuring that anyone who wants to use PHP 5 and MySQL 5 can do so without installing these applications on their own (although the first four chapters of this book explain how to do just that). All the code in this edition is based on PHP 5 and, where appropriate, the MySQL Improved Extension (mysqli) in PHP, using MySQL 5 as the back-end database.Some of you might have heard of PHP 6 or have seen books touting PHP 6 as the core language used. As of this writing in May of 2008, PHP 6 is still in the development stages and has not even entered the release candidate stage of development. Although PHP 6 is likely to reach the release candidate stage before the end of 2008, hosting providers will be loath to provide new technologies for general use until the language and the engine driving it have been thoroughly tested and improved to the point at which the release is deemed stable and mature--perhaps sometime in 2009. Given this information, it seemed entirely premature for this edition to cover the aspects of the language based on a developmental release, especially when the goal of this book is to provide the concepts necessary to master the basics of programming in the PHP language--the version that is stable and widely distributed.Over the course of this book, you'll learn the concepts necessary for configuring and managing the Apache web server, the basics of programming in PHP, and the methods for using and administering the MySQL relational database system. The overall goal of the book is to provide you with the foundation you need to understand how seamlessly these technologies integrate with one another and to give you practical knowledge of how to integrate them. Who Should Read This Book?This book is geared toward individuals who possess a general understanding of the concepts of working in a web-based development environment, be it Linux/UNIX, Windows, or even Mac OS X. Installation and configuration instructions assume that you have familiarity with your operating system and the basic methods of building (on Linux/UNIX systems) or installing (on Windows and Mac OS X systems) software.The lessons that delve into programming with PHP assume no previous knowledge of the language. However, if you have experience with other programming languages, such as ASP (Active Server Pages), JSP (Java Server Pages), or Perl, you will find the going much easier. Similarly, if you have worked with other databases, such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server, you will already possess a solid foundation for working through the MySQL-related lessons.The only real requirement is that you already understand static web content creation with HTML. If you are just starting out in the world of web development, you will still be able to use this book, but you should consider working through an HTML tutorial. If you are comfortable creating basic pages, you will be fine. How This Book Is OrganizedThis book is divided into six parts, corresponding to particular topic groups. You should read the chapters within each part one right after another, with each chapter building on the information found in those before it:Part I, "Getting Up and Running," provides a quick start guide to installation and walks you through the installation and

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Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One

Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL and Apache All in One

067232976X

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