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Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

by: Bartol, Curt R.

Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

by: Bartol, Curt R.

ISBN 13:
9780534528188
ISBN 10:
053452818X
Edition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 07/31/2003
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

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Summary

Known for its emphasis on research and its extensive integration of current cases and law, Curt and Anne Bartol's PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW offers balanced coverage the ways that psychology interacts with the legal system. The authors instill in students a critical understanding not only of psychological research within the context of law, but also a working knowledge of the legal system.

Introduction

(31)

Contrasting Psychology and Law Approaches

(2)

Psychology in the Law

(1)

Psychology and the Law

(1)

Psychology of the Law

(1)

Appellate Court Cases and the Methods of Science

(6)

The Frye Test

(1)

The Daubert Case

(1)

Box 1-1 Federal Rules of Evidence (Effective December 1, 2000)

(2)

Box 1-2 Journals Devoted to Psychology and Law

(1)

Supreme Court Decisions After Daubert

(1)

Box 1-3 Evaluation of Scientific Evidence

(1)

Ways of Knowing and the Methods of Science

(1)

Research Methods and Strategies

(2)

The Experimental Method

(1)

Quasi-Experimental Designs

(1)

Survey Research

(1)

Meta-Analysis

(1)

Legal Research

(1)

Research Terms and Concepts

(1)

Validity

(1)

Research Strategies

(3)

Evidence

(1)

Box 1-4 Validity and Reliability of an Equivocal Death Analysis

(1)

Replicability

(1)

Control

(1)

Clinical Judgment vs. Statical Prediction

(2)

Clinicians and Researchers

(1)

Research and the Legal System

(1)

Psychological Theory

(1)

Psychologists and Psychiatrists

(1)

Careers in Psychology

(4)

Careers in Forensic Psychology

(1)

Box 1-5 Graduate Training in Psychology and Law

(2)

Box 1-6 Selective Professional Organizations Related to Psychology and Law

(1)

Box 1-7 Divisions 18 and 41 of the American Psychological Association

(1)

Psychology and the Courts

(2)

The Adversarial Model

(1)

Psychologists and Criminal Justice

(2)

Police Psychologists

(1)

Correctional Psychologists

(1)

Psychology and Criminal Behavior

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Psychological Assessment, Testing, and the Law

(40)

Overview of Assessment and Testing

(4)

Box 2-1 The Top 11

(1)

Forensic Classifications of Assessment and Testing

(1)

Box 2-2 Assessment Measures and Techniques---Some Examples

(1)

Basic Concepts of Psychological Testing

(5)

Reliability

(2)

Validity

(2)

Normative Distribution

(1)

Standard Error of Measurement

(1)

Clinical Measures and Assessment Techniques

(8)

Cognitive Tests and Techniques

(2)

Cognitive Testing in Forensic Settings

(1)

Personality Assessment

(1)

Projective Measures

(1)

Objective Personality Inventories

(1)

Box 2-3 MMPI-1 and MMPI-2---Key Differences

(1)

Personality Traits: Specific or General?

(1)

Personality Inventories in Forensic Settings

(1)

Forensically Relevant Instruments and Assessment Techniques

(4)

The Psychopathy Checklist Series

(1)

Malingering Measures

(1)

Risk Assessment Measures

(2)

Forensic Neuropsychology

(1)

Assessment Instruments Used in Forensic Settings

(4)

Criminal Responsibility Measures

(1)

Competence to Stand Trial Measures

(1)

Child Custody Evaluations

(1)

MacArthur Research Network on Mental Health and Law

(1)

Prediction of Human Behavior

(5)

The Actuarial vs. Clinical Prediction Debate

(1)

Why Clinical Predictions Miss the Mark

(2)

Testing in Employment

(5)

The U.S. Supreme Court and Employment Discrimination

(1)

Box 2-4 Fishy Employment Practices?

(1)

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990

(1)

Soroka v. Dayton Hudson Corporation

(1)

Testing in Education

(3)

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Questions for Review

(1)

Psychology and the Courts: An Overview

(31)

Organization of the Courts

(9)

Federal Courts

(2)

State Courts

(1)

Public Confidence in Courts

(1)

Specialized Courts: Drug and Mental Health Courts

(3)

Box 3-1 Domestic Violence Courts

(1)

Classifications of Law

(3)

Content Classifications

(2)

Box 3-2 Due Process

(1)

Classifying by Origin

(1)

The Judicial Process

(10)

Pre-Trial Stage

(2)

Trial Stage

(1)

Box 3-3 The Burden of Proof

(1)

Box 3-4 Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

(1)

Disposition Stage

(1)

Appellate Stage

(2)

Box 3-5 Highlights of APA Brief in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale

(2)

The Psychologist as an Expert Witness

(7)

Box 3-6 Jenkins v. U.S.

(1)

Expert Certification

(1)

Legal Standards

(1)

The Confidentiality Issue

(1)

Ultimate Issue or Ultimate Opinion Testimony

(1)

Surviving the Witness Stand

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

101

(1)

Key Terms

102

(1)

Questions for Review

102

(1)

Mental Health Law: Competencies and Criminal Responsibility

103

(37)

Legal Competencies and Mental Capacities: Definitions

103

(2)

Competency to Stand Trial

105

(13)

Legal Standards

105

(2)

Incidence of Competency To Stand Trial Evaluations

107

(1)

An Example: Cooper v. Oklahoma

107

(1)

The Competency Evaluation Process

108

(1)

Forensic Assessment Instruments

109

(4)

The Incompetent Defendant

113

(2)

Drug Treatment in Competency Issues

115

(1)

Box 4-1 The Rusty Weston Case

116

(1)

Box 4-2 Synthetic ``Sanity'' at Trial: Riggins v. Nevada

117

(1)

Insanity

Insanity Standards

118

(2)

The M'Naghten Rule: The Right and Wrong Test

120

(13)

Box 4-3 Tests for Insanity in State and Federal Courts

121

(1)

The Durham Rule: The Product Test

121

(1)

The ALI and Brawner Rules

122

(1)

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984

123

(1)

Insanity Defense: Related Changes

123

(2)

Frequency of Insanity Defense and Acquittals

125

(2)

Juries and the Insanity Defense

127

(1)

Box 4-4 Competency, Insanity, and the Supreme Court---Cases and Principles

128

(1)

NGRI and Its Outcomes

129

(1)

Clinical Assessment of Sanity

130

(3)

Legal Issues Involving the Forensic Evaluation

133

(1)

Special Conditions and Unique Defenses

133

(4)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

134

(2)

Multiple Personality Disorder

136

(1)

Amnesia

137

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

137

(2)

Key Terms

139

(1)

Questions for Review

139

(1)

Mental Health Law: Civil Commitment

140

(35)

Voluntary and Involuntary Commitment

141

(1)

Historical Overview

142

(5)

Parens Patriae

143

(1)

Police Power

144

(1)

The Emergence of Due Process

145

(1)

Box 5-1 Civil Commitment in Three States

146

(1)

Commitment Standards

147

(6)

The Dangerousness Standard

148

(1)

Methodological Problems in Violence Prediction Research

149

(1)

MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study

150

(1)

Grave Disability

151

(2)

Civil Commitment Proceedings

153

(3)

Proposed Legal Models for Proceedings

154

(1)

Procedural Justice in Proceedings

155

(1)

The MacArthur Coercion Study

156

(1)

Duty to Warn and/or Protect

156

(3)

Box 5-2 Select Duty-to-Warn Cases in State Courts and Lower Federal Courts

158

(1)

Families and Civil Commitment

159

(1)

Outpatient Treatment Orders

160

(2)

Institutional Treatment

162

(2)

Right to Receive and Right to Refuse Treatment

164

(4)

Right to Receive Treatment

164

(1)

Box 5-3 Civil Commitment---Key Supreme Court Cases

165

(1)

MacArthur Competence Study

165

(1)

Right to Refuse Treatment

166

(2)

Special Issue: Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders

168

(4)

Inmate Transfers

172

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

172

(2)

Key Terms

174

(1)

Questions for Review

174

(1)

The Psychology of the Jury: Procedural Considerations

175

(29)

Overview of Jury Procedures

175

(2)

Box 6-1 The Sixth and Seventh Amendments

176

(1)

Jury Research

177

(1)

Jury Selection

177

(7)

The Venire and Voir Dire

178

(1)

Challenges in Jury Selection

178

(1)

Box 6-2 Equal Opportunity in the Jury Box (J.E.B. v. Alabama)

179

(1)

Research on Voir Dire Practices

180

(1)

Impact of Lawyers on Jurors

181

(1)

Scientific Jury Selection

182

(1)

Box 6-3 High-Profile Cases Using Scientific Jury Selection

183

(1)

Death Sentencing

184

(4)

Risk Assessment at Capital Sentencing

185

(1)

The Death Qualification Process

186

(2)

Jury Size and Decision Rule

188

(4)

Jury Size

188

(2)

Box 6-4 Solomon Asch's Classic Conformity Study

190

(1)

The Dynamite Charge

191

(1)

Conclusions on Jury Size

191

(1)

Decision Rule

192

(1)

Jury Instructions

192

(6)

Types of Instructions

193

(1)

Research on Jury Instructions

194

(2)

The Effects of Joined Trials

196

(1)

Improving Jury Competence

197

(1)

Jury Nullification

198

(1)

Box 6-5 Should Jurors Be Told . . . ?

199

(1)

Death Penalty Cases

199

(2)

Box 6-6 Jurors Must Decide Death

200

(1)

Ring v. Arizona

Summary and Conclusions

201

(2)

Key Terms

203

(1)

Questions for Review

203

(1)

The Psychology of the Jury: Jury Decision Making

204

(22)

Overview

204

(3)

Box 7-1 The Chicago Jury Project

205

(2)

The Effects of Defendant and Victim

207

(5)

Physical Attractiveness

207

(1)

Social Attractiveness

208

(1)

Attitudinal Attractiveness

209

(1)

Other Defendant Characteristics

210

(1)

Box 7-2 The Capital Jury Project

211

(1)

Juror Characteristics and Decision Making

212

(7)

The Story Model

212

(2)

Strength of the Evidence

214

(1)

Hindsight Bias

214

(1)

Just World Hypothesis

215

(2)

Authoritarianism

217

(2)

Group Processes

219

(2)

Deliberation Style

219

(1)

Polarization

220

(1)

Leniency Bias

221

(1)

Effects of Expert Testimony

221

(1)

Jury Simulation: Critiques and Conclusions

221

(3)

Conclusions on Simulation Research

223

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

224

(1)

Key Terms

225

(1)

Questions for Review

225

(1)

The Psychology of Evidence: Eyewitness Testimony

226

(36)

Human Perception and Memory

227

(5)

Perception

227

(1)

Memory

228

(1)

Box 8-1 Eyewitnesses to Crime Often Inaccurate

229

(1)

Repressed Memory

230

(2)

System and Estimator Variables

232

(1)

Situational Factors of Eyewitness Testimony

232

(5)

Temporal Factors

232

(1)

Detail Significance

233

(4)

Witness Factors: Perceptual and Acquisition Influences

237

(6)

Witness Arousal and Stress

237

(1)

Expectancies and Stereotypes

238

(2)

Witness Memory: Retention Factors

240

(1)

Witness Confidence: Retrieval Factors

240

(2)

Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Witness Testimony

242

(1)

Trivial Persuasion

243

(1)

Children as Witnesses

243

(7)

Box 8-2 Cautionary Instructions

244

(1)

Children's Memory and Testimony

245

(1)

Reality Monitoring

245

(1)

Children's Suggestibility and Their Testimony

246

(2)

Communication Modality

248

(1)

Stress, Memory, and Suggestibility

249

(1)

Older Witnesses

250

(1)

Identifying Characteristics of the Offender

251

(4)

The Face

251

(1)

Unconscious Transference

252

(1)

Face Recognition

252

(1)

Own-Race Bias (ORB)

253

(1)

Reasons for ORB

254

(1)

Pre-trial Identification Methods

255

(5)

Legal Considerations

255

(1)

Lineups and Photospreads

256

(3)

The Lineups White Paper and the NIJ Guide

259

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

260

(1)

Key Terms

261

(1)

Questions for Review

261

(1)

Psychology of Evidence and Related Issues

262

(43)

Criminal Interrogation: Psychology of Confessions

262

(10)

Legal History of Coerced Confessions

263

(1)

Interrogative Tactics

264

(2)

Box 9-1 What is Truth Serum?

266

(2)

Box 9-2 Brain Fingerprinting

268

(2)

The Psychology of False Confessions

270

(2)

Deception and Lying

272

(5)

Research on Deception

272

(1)

Nonverbal Behavior

273

(1)

Expectancy-Violation Model

274

(1)

Detecting Deception in Court Proceedings

275

(1)

Voice Detection

276

(1)

The Polygraph

277

(11)

Polygraph Techniques

279

(2)

Countermeasures

281

(1)

Legal Status of the Polygraph

282

(2)

Research on the Polygraph

284

(4)

Forensic Hypnosis

288

(5)

Research on Forensic Hypnosis

290

(1)

Legal Status of Hypnosis

291

(1)

Box 9-3 Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony

292

(1)

Rock v. Arkansas

Facial Composites in Criminal Identification

293

(2)

Extraevidentiary Factors

295

(8)

Pre-trial Publicity

296

(1)

Research on Effects of Pre-trial Publicity

297

(2)

Pre-trial Publicity in Civil Cases

299

(1)

Judicial Remedies

299

(3)

Electronic Coverage of Trials

302

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

303

(1)

Key Terms

304

(1)

Questions for Review

304

(1)

Correctional Psychology

305

(38)

Overview of Correctional Facilities

306

(1)

Prisons and Jails

306

(1)

Community-Based Facilities

307

(1)

Goals of Corrections

307

(8)

Incapacitation

308

(1)

Retribution

309

(1)

Deterrence

309

(2)

Rehabilitation

311

(1)

Box 10-1 Cognitive Self-Change

312

(3)

Correctional Psychologists

315

(6)

Psychological Assessment in Corrections

316

(1)

Initial Inmate Classification

316

(1)

Parole Decision Making

317

(1)

Crisis Intervention

317

(1)

Competency to be Executed

318

(3)

Treatment and Rehabilitation in Correctional Facilities

321

(5)

Sex Offender Treatment

323

(2)

Box 10-2 McKune v. Lile

325

(1)

Psychological Effects of Imprisonment

326

(10)

The Stanford Prison Experiment

326

(2)

Research on Prison Adjustment

328

(3)

Psychological Effects of Crowding

331

(2)

Psychological Effects of Isolation

333

(3)

Legal Rights of Inmates

336

(4)

Summary and Conclusions

340

(1)

Key Terms

341

(1)

Questions for Review

341

(2)

Psychology and Family Law

343

(32)

Divorce and Child Custody

344

(13)

Custodial Arrangements

345

(1)

Child Custody Evaluations

346

(2)

Box 11-1 Guidelines for Child Custody Evaluations in Divorce Proceedings

348

(3)

Psychological Effects of Divorce and Custody Arrangements

351

(4)

Divorce Mediation

355

(2)

Domestic Violence

357

(8)

Child Abuse and Neglect (Maltreatment)

358

(1)

Incidence of Child Maltreatment

359

(1)

Box 11-2 Definitions and Categories of Child Maltreatment

360

(1)

Legal Process in Child Abuse

360

(1)

Child Testimony in Sexual Abuse Cases

361

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Children in Maltreatment Situations

362

(1)

Box 11-3 Anatomically Detailed Dolls

363

(2)

Intimate Partner Violence

365

(3)

Psychological Profiles of Abusers

366

(2)

The Concept of Consent by Minors

368

(2)

U.S. Supreme Court and the Abortion Issue

368

(1)

Parental Notification Issues

369

(1)

Hastened Death

370

(3)

Oregon's Death With Dignity Law

371

(1)

Competency Evaluations of Hastened Death Decisions

372

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

373

(1)

Key Terms

374

(1)

Questions for Review

374

(1)

Juvenile Delinquency and Justice

375

(33)

Juvenile Crime

375

(1)

History of Juvenile Justice

376

(2)

Early Juvenile Courts

377

(1)

Due Process and Statutory Changes

377

(1)

Supreme Court and Juvenile Justice

378

(3)

Juvenile Delinquency

381

(5)

Developmental Theory

381

(1)

Box 12-1 The Supreme Court and Juveniles

382

(2)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

384

(1)

Special Topic: School Violence

385

(1)

The Juvenile Justice Process

386

(2)

Early Processing

386

(1)

Delinquency Petitions

387

(1)

Disposition

387

(1)

Competency to Waive Constitutional Rights

388

(2)

Role of Psychologists

389

(1)

Adjudicative Competence

390

(4)

Age and Developmental Considerations

391

(1)

The MacArthur Project and the Role of Psychologists

391

(1)

Ethical Considerations

392

(1)

Juveniles Found Incompetent

393

(1)

Conclusions

393

(1)

Transferring Juveniles to Criminal Courts

394

(3)

Waiver Options

394

(2)

Role of Psychologists

396

(1)

Juvenile Rehabilitation

397

(2)

Amenability for Rehabilitation

397

(2)

Prevention and Treatment of Juvenile Offending

399

(6)

Crime Prevention Models

400

(1)

Institutional Programming

401

(1)

Community Based Programming

402

(1)

Box 12-2 Programs for Girls

403

(1)

Box 12-3 MST---Intensive Community Treatment

404

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

405

(2)

Key Terms

407

(1)

Questions for Review

407

(1)

The Psychology of Criminal Behavior

408

(45)

Psychological Criminology

409

(3)

Neuropsychological and Genetic Influences on Criminal Behavior

410

(2)

Defining Crime

412

(1)

Crime Statistics

413

(6)

Official Statistics

413

(1)

Box 13-1 Definitions of Crimes in the UCR

414

(1)

Box 13-2 The UCR and September 11

415

(2)

Self-Report Surveys

417

(1)

Victimization Surveys

417

(1)

Demographics of Crime Victims

418

(1)

The Psychopath

419

(5)

The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL)

421

(2)

Juvenile Psychopathy

423

(1)

Gender Differences in Psychopathy

423

(1)

Psychosocial Factors of Criminal Behavior

424

(3)

Cognitive-Social Learning Theory

424

(2)

Deindividuation

426

(1)

Prediction of Criminal Behavior

427

(1)

Crimes of Intimidation

428

(4)

Stalking

428

(1)

Hate or Bias Crimes

429

(2)

Box 13-3 The Supreme Court and Hate Crimes

431

(1)

Violent Crimes: Sex Offenses

432

(11)

Sexual Assault: Definition and Prevalence

434

(1)

Prevalence and Incidence of Rape

435

(1)

Psychological Correlates of Rapists

436

(2)

Etiology or Explanations for Sexual Assault

438

(1)

Pedophilia

439

(1)

Box 13-4 The Paraphilias

440

(2)

Psychological Effects of Child Sexual Abuse

442

(1)

Violent Crimes: Criminal Homicide

443

(5)

Multiple Murders

444

(1)

Definitions of Multiple Homicide

444

(1)

Incidence of Multiple Homicide

444

(1)

Mass Murder

445

(1)

Serial Murder

446

(1)

Workplace Violence

447

(1)

Box 13-5 Going Postal?

448

(1)

Arson

448

(2)

Adult Repetitive Firesetters

449

(1)

Juvenile Firesetters

449

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

450

(1)

Key Terms

451

(1)

Questions for Review

452

(1)

The Psychology of Law Enforcement

453

(42)

The Police Personality

453

(6)

The Police Socialization Process

454

(2)

Police Cynicism

456

(1)

Other Representative Research

457

(2)

Women in Law Enforcement

459

(3)

Psychological Assessment in Law Enforcement

462

(6)

Psychological Testing in Law Enforcement

463

(4)

The Interview

467

(1)

Conclusion

468

(1)

Police Discretion

468

(3)

Police Discretion with the Mentally Disordered

470

(1)

Police Use of Force

471

(2)

Profiling: The Psychological Sketch

473

(6)

Criminal Profiling

473

(2)

Box 14-1 Profilers Off Base on D.C. Snipers

475

(1)

The Psychological Autopsy

475

(1)

Geographical Profiling and Mental Mapping

476

(1)

Racial Profiling

477

(1)

Box 14-2 Drinking Coffee While Black

478

(1)

Psychological Stress in Law Enforcement

479

(7)

Box 14-3 Selective Prosecution?

480

(1)

U.S. v. Armstrong

Definition

480

(1)

Occupational Stressors in Law Enforcement

481

(1)

Types of Police Stress

482

(1)

Stressors of Small-Town Law Enforcement

483

(1)

Gender Differences

484

(2)

Environmental Stressors

486

(1)

When Adaptation Fails

486

(3)

Alcoholism

486

(1)

Burnout

486

(1)

Post-shooting Traumatic Reactions

487

(1)

Suicide

488

(1)

Special Issues

489

(2)

Suicide by Cop

489

(1)

Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations

490

(1)

Hostage Taking Incidents

490

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

491

(2)

Key Terms

493

(1)

Questions for Review

493

(2)

Glossary

495

(13)

Cases Cited

508

(3)

References

511

(48)

Author Index

559

(14)

Subject Index

573

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Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

9780534528188

053452818X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

Psychology and Law With Infotrac: Theory, Research, and Application

9780534528188

053452818X

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Write a Review

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