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Psychological Testing and Assessment : An Introduction to Tests and Measurement

ISBN: 9780072887679 | 0072887672
Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
Pub. Date: 8/3/2004

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Table of Contents
Prefacexvii
PART I An Overview
Psychological Testing and Assessment
1(30)
Testing and Asses... MORE
1(15)
Psychological Testing and Assessment Defined
1(4)
The Tools of Psychological Assessment
5(11)
Who, What, Why, and Where?
16(1)
Who Are the Parties?
16(4)
In What Types of Settings Are Assessments Conducted, and Why?
20(6)
Where to Go for Authoritative Information: Reference Sources
26
Close-Up Types of Computer-Generated Psychological Reports
13(6)
Everyday Psychometrics ``The Following Film Is Rated PG-13'' . . . But Whodunnit? How? And Why?
19(11)
Self-Assessment
30(1)
Web Watch
30(1)
Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations
31(31)
A Historical Perspective
31(6)
Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century
31(1)
The Nineteenth Century
32(3)
The Twentieth Century
35(2)
Culture and Assessment
37(8)
Evolving Interest in Culture-Related Issues
38(2)
Some Issues Regarding Culture and Assessment
40(3)
Tests and Group Membership
43(2)
Legal and Ethical Considerations
45(5)
The Concerns of the Public
45(4)
The Concerns of the Profession
49(8)
The Rights of Testtakers
57
Close-Up Assessment, Admissions, and Affirmative Action: Grutter v. Bollinger et al. (2003)
50(5)
Everyday Psychometrics Life-or-Death Psychological Assessment
55(5)
Self-Assessment
60(1)
Web Watch
61(1)
PART II The Science of Psychological Measurement
A Statistics Refresher
62(30)
Scales of Measurement
63(5)
Nominal Scales
64(1)
Ordinal Scales
65(1)
Interval Scales
66(1)
Ratio Scales
66(1)
Measurement Scales in Psychology
66(2)
Describing Data
68(15)
Frequency Distributions
69(5)
Measures of Central Tendency
74(3)
Measures of Variability
77(4)
Skewness
81(1)
Kurtosis
82(1)
The Normal Curve
83(3)
The Area Under the Normal Curve
83(3)
Standard Scores
86(1)
z Scores
87(1)
T Scores
87(1)
Other Standard Scores
88
Everyday Psychometrics Consumer (of Graphed Data), Beware!
73(11)
Close-Up The Normal Curve and Psychological Tests
84(6)
Self-Assessment
90(1)
Web Watch
91(1)
Of Tests and Testing
92(37)
Some Assumptions About Psychological Testing and Assessment
92(6)
Assumption 1: Psychological Traits and States Exist
92(2)
Assumption 2: Psychological Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured
94(1)
Assumption 3: Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior
95(1)
Assumption 4: Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses
96(1)
Assumption 5: Various Sources of Error Are Part of the Assessment Process
96(1)
Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment Can Be Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner
97(1)
Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society
97(1)
What's a ``Good Test''?
98(1)
Reliability
98(1)
Validity
98(1)
Other Considerations
99(1)
Norms
99(15)
Standardization, Sampling, and Norming
103(3)
Types of Norms
106(3)
Fixed Reference Group Scoring Systems
109(1)
Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion-Referenced Evaluation
110(4)
Correlation and Inference
114(11)
The Concept of Correlation
114(1)
The Pearson r
115(2)
The Spearman Rho
117(1)
Graphic Representations of Correlation
118(4)
Regression
122(3)
Inference From Measurement
125(1)
Meta-Analysis
125(1)
Culture and Inference
125
Everyday Psychometrics Putting Tests to the Test
100(11)
Close-Up Good Ol' Norms and the GRE
111(16)
Self-Assessment
127(1)
Web Watch
128(1)
Reliability
129(27)
The Concept of Reliability
129(3)
Sources of Error Variance
130(2)
Reliability Estimates
132(9)
Test-Retest Reliability Estimates
132(1)
Parallel-Forms and Alternate-Forms Reliability Estimates
133(2)
Split-Half Reliability Estimates
135(2)
Other Methods of Estimating Internal Consistency
137(3)
Measures of Inter-Scorer Reliability
140(1)
Using and Interpreting a Coefficient of Reliability
141(8)
The Purpose of the Reliability Coefficient
141(1)
The Nature of the Test
142(4)
Alternatives to the True Score Model
146(3)
Reliability and Individual Scores
149(1)
The Standard Error of Measurement
149(3)
The Standard Error of the Difference Between Two Scores
152
Close-Up The Reliability of the Bayley-II
143(4)
Everyday Psychometrics The Reliability Defense and the Breathalyzer Test
147(8)
Self-Assessment
155(1)
Web Watch
155(1)
Validity
156(34)
The Concept of Validity
156(3)
Face Validity
158(1)
Content Validity
159(4)
The Quantification of Content Validity
159(2)
Culture and the Relativity of Content Validity
161(2)
Criterion-Related Validity
163(12)
What Is a Criterion?
163(1)
Concurrent Validity
164(1)
Predictive Validity
164(11)
Construct Validity
175(6)
Evidence of Construct Validity
176(5)
Validity, Bias, and Fairness
181(1)
Test Bias
181(3)
Test Fairness
184
Close-Up Base Rates and Predictive Validity
172(14)
Everyday Psychometrics Adjustment of Test Scores by Group Membership: Fairness in Testing or Foul Play?
186(2)
Self-Assessment
188(1)
Web Watch
189(1)
Test Development
190(42)
Test Conceptualization
190(4)
Some Preliminary Questions
191(2)
Pilot Work
193(1)
Test Construction
194(17)
Scaling
194(7)
Writing Items
201(9)
Scoring Items
210(1)
Test Tryout
211(1)
What Is a Good Item?
212(1)
Item Analysis
212(13)
The Item-Difficulty Index
212(2)
The Item-Reliability Index
214(1)
The Item-Validity Index
214(1)
The Item-Discrimination Index
215(2)
Item-Characteristic Curves
217(3)
Other Considerations in Item Analysis
220(2)
Qualitative Item Analysis
222(3)
Test Revision
225(1)
Test Revision as a Stage in New Test Development
225(1)
Test Revision in the Life Cycle of an Existing Test
226
Everyday Psychometrics Psychometrics in the Classroom
195(12)
Close-Up Designing an Item Bank
207(24)
Self-Assessment
231(1)
Web Watch
231(1)
PART III The Assessment of Intelligence
Intelligence and Its Measurement
232(32)
What Is Intelligence?
232(11)
Intelligence Defined: Views of the Lay Public
233(1)
Intelligence Defined: Views of Scholars and Test Professionals
234(2)
Factor-Analytic Theories of Intelligence
236(5)
The Information-Processing View
241(2)
Measuring Intelligence
243(3)
Types of Tasks Used in Intelligence Tests
243(1)
Theory in Intelligence Test Development and Interpretation
244(2)
Intelligence: Some Issues
246(15)
Nature Versus Nurture
246(4)
The Stability of Intelligence
250(1)
Other Issues
251(10)
A Perspective
261
Everyday Psychometrics Being Gifted
252(6)
Close-Up Culture Fair/Culture Loaded
258(4)
Self-Assessment
262(1)
Web Watch
263(1)
Tests of Intelligence
264(36)
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
265(8)
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales: Fifth Edition
268(5)
The Wechsler Tests
273(13)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III)
275(4)
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)
279(3)
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III)
282(2)
Wechsler, Binet, and the Short Form
284(2)
The Wechsler Tests in Perspective
286(1)
Other Measures of Intelligence
286(1)
Tests Designed for Individual Administration
286(5)
Tests Designed for Group Administration
291(5)
Measures of Specific Intellectual Abilities
296
Close-Up Factor Analysis
287(6)
Everyday Psychometrics The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB): A Test You Can Take
293(5)
Self-Assessment
298(1)
Web Watch
298(2)
Preschool and Educational Assessment
300(35)
Preschool Assessment
300(5)
Tools of Preschool Assessment
301(4)
Achievement Tests
305(6)
Measures of General Achievement
306(1)
Measures of Achievement in Specific Subject Areas
307(4)
Aptitude Tests
311(7)
The Elementary School Level
313(1)
The Secondary School Level
314(2)
The College Level and Beyond
316(2)
Diagnostic Tests
318(3)
Reading Tests
319(1)
Math Tests
320(1)
Other Diagnostic Tests
321(1)
Psychoeducational Test Batteries
321(8)
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)
322(2)
The Differential Ability Scales (DAS)
324(3)
The Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ III)
327(2)
Other Tools of Assessment in Educational Settings
329(1)
Performance, Portfolio, and Authentic Assessment
329(2)
Peer Appraisal Techniques
331(1)
Measuring Study Habits, Interests, and Attitudes
332
Everyday Psychometrics First Impressions
302(7)
Close-Up Tests of Minimum Competency
309(24)
Self-Assessment
333(1)
Web Watch
333(2)
PART IV The Assessment of Personality
Personality Assessment: An Overview
335(41)
Personality and Personality Assessment Defined
335(5)
Personality
335(1)
Personality Assessment
336(1)
Traits, Types, and States
336(4)
Personality Assessment: Some Basic Questions
340(15)
Who?
341(4)
What?
345(2)
Where?
347(1)
How?
347(8)
Developing Instruments to Assess Personality
355(15)
Logic and Reason
356(1)
Theory
356(1)
Data Reduction Methods
357(2)
Criterion Groups
359(11)
Personality Assessment and Culture
370(1)
Acculturation and Related Considerations
370
Everyday Psychometrics Some Common Item Formats
350(22)
Close-Up Assessing Acculturation and Related Variables
372(2)
Self-Assessment
374(1)
Web Watch
375(1)
Personality Assessment Methods
376(43)
Objective Methods
376(2)
Projective Methods
378(24)
Inkblots as Projective Stimuli
379(5)
Pictures as Projective Stimuli
384(7)
Words as Projective Stimuli
391(3)
Sounds as Projective Stimuli
394(1)
The Production of Figure Drawings
395(4)
Projective Methods in Perspective
399(3)
Behavioral Assessment Methods
402(15)
The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How of It
404(3)
Approaches to Behavioral Assessment
407(7)
Issues in Behavioral Assessment
414(3)
A Perspective
417
Everyday Psychometrics Confessions of a Behavior Rater
408(7)
Close-Up Personality, Life Outcomes, and College Yearbook Photos
415(3)
Self-Assessment
418(1)
Web Watch
418(1)
PART V Testing and Assessment in Action
Clinical and Counseling Assessment
419(39)
An Overview
419(4)
Clinical Assessment and Managed Care
421(1)
The Diagnosis of Mental Disorders
421(2)
The Interview
423(11)
Types of Interviews
424(4)
Psychometric Aspects of the Interview
428(1)
Cultural Aspects of the Interview
429(5)
Case History Data
434(1)
Psychological Tests
435(1)
The Psychological Test Battery
435(1)
Special Applications of Clinical Measures
436(16)
The Assessment of Addiction and Substance Abuse
436(2)
Forensic Psychological Assessment
438(8)
Custody Evaluations
446(2)
Child Abuse and Neglect
448(4)
The Psychological Report
452(1)
The Barnum Effect
452(3)
Clinical Versus Mechanical Prediction
455
Close-Up Assessment of Dangerousness and the Secret Service
440(13)
Everyday Psychometrics Elements of a Typical Report of Psychological Assessment
453(4)
Self-Assessment
457(1)
Web Watch
457(1)
Neuropsychological Assessment
458(32)
The Nervous System and Behavior
458(4)
Neurological Damage and the Concept of Organicity
459(3)
The Neuropsychological Examination
462(21)
History Taking, the Case History, and Case Studies
464(2)
The Interview
466(1)
The Physical Examination
467(2)
Neuropsychological Tests
469(13)
Neuropsychological Test Batteries
482(3)
Other Tools of Neuropsychological Assessment
485
Close-Up Fixed Versus Flexible Neuropsychological Test Batteries and the Law
483(3)
Everyday Psychometrics Medical Diagnostic Aids and Neuropsychological Assessment
486(2)
Self-Assessment
488(1)
Web Watch
488(2)
The Assessment of People With Disabilities
490(30)
An Overview
490(14)
Disability Defined
491(6)
Assessment and Accommodation
497(3)
Disability, Assessment, and the Workplace
500(4)
Assessment and Specific Disabilities
504(1)
Visual Disabilities
504(3)
Hearing Disabilities
507(3)
Visual/Hearing Disabilities
510(1)
Motor Disabilities
511(1)
Cognitive Disabilities
512(4)
Biopsychosocial Assessment
516(1)
Disability as a Diversity Issue
517
Everyday Psychometrics Public Law 105-17 and Everyday Practice
493(9)
Close-Up Expert Testimony
502(16)
Self-Assessment
518(1)
Web Watch
519(1)
Assessment, Careers, and Business
520(1)
Career Choice and Career Transition
520(16)
Measures of Interest
521(3)
Measures of Ability and Aptitude
524(7)
Measures of Personality
531(3)
Other Measures
534(2)
Screening, Selection, Classification, and Placement
536(8)
The Resume and the Letter of Application
537(1)
The Application Form
537(1)
Letters of Recommendation
538(1)
Interviews
538(1)
Portfolio Assessment
539(1)
Performance Tests
539(2)
Physical Tests
541(3)
Productivity, Motivation, Attitude, and Organizational Culture
544(9)
Measures of Cognitive Ability
544(1)
Productivity
545(2)
Motivation
547(4)
Attitude
551(1)
Organizational Culture
552(1)
Other Applications of Tools of Assessment
553(1)
Consumer Psychology
554(2)
The Measurement of Attitudes
556(3)
Motivation Research Methods
559
Close-Up Validity Generalization and the GATB
527(27)
Everyday Psychometrics Assessment of Corporate and Organizational Culture
554(10)
Self-Assessment
564(1)
Web Watch
564
References1(1)
Credits1(1)
Name Index1(1)
Glossary/Index1

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