9781560327141

This second edition ofPrinciples of Solar Engineeringcovers the latest developments in a broad range of topics of interest to students and professionals interested in solar energy applications. With the scientific fundamentals included, the book covers important areas such as heating and cooling, passive solar applications, detoxification and biomas energy conversion. This comprehensive textbook provides examples of methods of solar engineering from around the world and includes examples, solutions and data applicable to international solar energy issues. A solutions manual is available to qualified instructors.

Dr. D. Yogi Goswami is a professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Solar Energy Conversion Laboratory at the University of Florida. Dr. Goswami is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and a recipient of more than 20 awards from engineering and scientific societies. Dr. Frank Kreith is the ASME Legislative Fellow for Energy and Environment at the National Conference of State Legislatures. Prior to joining the NCSL in 1988, he was Chief of Thermal Research and Senior Research Fellow at the Solar Energy Research Institute (now the National Renewable Energy Laboratory), where he participated in the Presidential Domestic Energy review and served as an energy advisor to the governor of Colorado. Dr. Kreith has been an energyplanning consultant and advisor to NATO, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the United Nations. Dr. Jan F. Kreider received his B.S. in engineering from Case Institute of Technology and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Colorado. He is Founding Director of the University of Colorado's Joint Center for Energy Management. Dr. Kreider is also a co-founder of the Building Systems Program at the same university.

Preface

ix

Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion

1

(12)

Availability of Solar Energy

4

(2)

Limitations of Solar Energy

6

(5)

The Economics of Solar Systems

11

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

12

(1)

Fundamentals of Solar Radiation

13

(68)

The Physics of the Sun and Its Energy Transport

13

(1)

Thermal Radiation Fundamentals

14

(8)

Sun-Earth Geometric Relationship

22

(17)

Solar Radiation

39

(4)

Estimation of Terrestrial Solar Radiation

43

(12)

Models Based on Long-Term Measured Horizontal Solar Radiation

55

(8)

Measurement of Solar Radiation

63

(8)

Solar Radiation Mapping Using Satellite Data

71

(4)

Problems

75

(2)

References and Suggested Readings

77

(4)

Methods of Solar Collection and Thermal Conversion

81

(92)

Radiative Properties and Characteristic of Materials

82

(7)

Flat Plate Collectors

89

(31)

Concentrating Solar Collectors

120

(41)

Solar Concentrator Summary

161

(5)

Problems

166

(3)

References and Suggested Readings

169

(4)

Thermal Energy Storage and Transport

173

(38)

Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

173

(3)

Types of Thermal Energy Storage

176

(4)

Design of Storage System

180

(7)

Energy Transport Subsystems

187

(20)

Problems

207

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

208

(3)

Solar-Heating Systems

211

(48)

Calculations of Heating and Hot Water Loads in Buildings

211

(11)

Solar Water Heating Systems

222

(5)

Liquid-Based Solar-Heating Systems for Buildings

227

(9)

Solar Air-Heating Systems

236

(8)

Methods of Modeling and Design of Solar Heating Systems

244

(10)

Problems

254

(2)

References and Suggested Readings

256

(3)

Solar Cooling and Dehumidification

259

(38)

Solar Space Cooling and Refrigeration

259

(25)

Solar Desiccant Dehumidification

284

(6)

Summary

290

(1)

Problems

290

(4)

References and Suggested Readings

294

(3)

Passive Methods for Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting

297

(40)

Introduction

297

(1)

Passive Space-Heating Systems

298

(9)

Passive Space-Cooling Systems

307

(9)

Daylighting Fundamentals

316

(17)

Problems

333

(2)

References and Suggested Readings

335

(2)

Solar Thermal Power and Process Heat

337

(74)

Historical Perspective

337

(3)

Solar Industrial Process Heat

340

(2)

Examples of SIPH Systems

342

(8)

Long-Term Performance of SIPH Systems

350

(9)

TRNSYS-Computer Simulation Program

359

(1)

Thermal Power

359

(13)

Examples of Rankine Solar Thermal Power Plants

372

(4)

Stirling Cycle

376

(17)

Solar Distillation of Saline Water

393

(5)

Nonconvecting Solar Ponds

398

(7)

Problems

405

(3)

References and Suggested Readings

408

(3)

Photovoltaics

411

(36)

Semiconductors

412

(7)

Analysis of Photovoltaic Cells

419

(11)

Manufacture of Solar Cells and Panels

430

(4)

Design for Remote Photovoltaic Applications

434

(9)

Problems

443

(3)

References and Suggested Readings

446

(1)

Solar Photochemical Applications

447

(36)

Photocatalytic Reactions

447

(4)

Solar Photocatalytic Detoxification

451

(1)

Solar Reactors

452

(7)

Kinetic Models

459

(6)

Useful Insolation

465

(1)

Catalyst Development

466

(1)

System Design Methodology

467

(5)

Gas Phase Photocatalytic Detoxification

472

(1)

Commercial/Industrial Applications

473

(3)

Solar Disinfection of Water and Air

476

(1)

Summary

477

(1)

Problems

477

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

478

(5)

Capturing Solar Energy Through Biomass

483

(44)

Introduction

483

(1)

Biomass Feedbacks

484

(8)

Thermodynamic Calculations for Biomass Energy

492

(9)

Conversion of Biomass to Gaseous Fuels

501

(6)

Liquid Fuels from Biomass

507

(6)

Conversion of Biomass to Electricity

513

(7)

Economic Assessments

520

(3)

Problems

523

(1)

References and Suggested Readings

524

(3)

Introduction to Economic Analysis

527

(36)

Overview of Solar Economics

527

(1)

Life-Cycle Costing

528

(1)

Principles of Discounted Cash-Flow Analysis

529

(7)

Solar-System Life-Cycle Costs

536

(8)

Cost-Benefit Analysis and Optimization

544

(15)

Problems

559

(2)

References

561

(2)

Appendixes

563

(118)

Index

681

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Principles of Solar Engineering, Second Edition

Principles of Solar Engineering, Second Edition

1560327146

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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