Rent 9780534954031 | Principles of Foundation Engineering

Summary Table of Contents

Building on the success of preceding editions, the Fourth Edition of PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING maintains the careful balance of current research and practical field applications that has made it a leading text in foundation engineering courses throughout the country and internationally. Strengthened with many more worked-out examples and figures to aid student comprehension of theory and practical problem-solving skills, the Fourth Edition features expanded coverage of ultimate and allowable bearing capacity (in Chapters 3 and 4), and new Chapters 6 and 7 on lateral pressure theory and retaining wall design. New field observations have been added to each chapter. Both SI and English units are used throughout.

Geotechnical Properties of Soil and of Reinforced Soil

(78)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

... MORE

1.2 Grain-Size Distribution

(3)

1.3 Size Limits for Soils

(1)

1.4 Weight-Volume Relationships

(3)

1.5 Relative Density

(6)

1.6 Atterberg Limits

(2)

1.7 Soil Classification Systems

(8)

1.8 Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil

(3)

1.9 Steady-State Seepage

(2)

1.10 Filter Design Criteria

(2)

1.11 Effective Stress Concept

(3)

1.12 Capillary Rise in Soil

(1)

1.13 Consolidation--General

(8)

1.14 Consolidation Settlement Calculation

(2)

1.15 Time Rate of Consolidation

(9)

1.16 Shear Strength

(6)

1.17 Unconfined Compression Test

(1)

1.18 Comments on Shear Strength Parameters

(4)

1.19 Sensitivity

(2)

1.20 Soil Reinforcement--General

(1)

1.21 Considerations for Soil Reinforcement

(3)

Problems

(4)

References

(3)

Natural Soil Deposits and Subsoil Exploration

(73)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

Natural Soil Deposits

(11)

2.2 Soil Origin

(1)

2.3 Residual Soil

(1)

2.4 Alluvial Deposits

(4)

2.5 Glacial Deposits

(2)

2.6 Aeolian Soil Deposits

(1)

2.7 Organic Soil

(1)

2.8 Some Local Terms for Soils

(3)

Subsurface Exploration

(62)

2.9 Purpose of Soil Exploration

(1)

2.10 Subsurface Exploration Program

(4)

2.11 Exploratory Borings in the Field

(4)

2.12 Procedures for Sampling Soil

(10)

2.13 Observation of Water Tables

108

(3)

2.14 Vane Shear Test

111

(4)

2.15 Cone Penetration Test

115

(7)

2.16 Pressuremeter Test (PMT)

122

(3)

2.17 Dilatometer Test

125

(2)

2.18 Coring of Rocks

127

(3)

2.19 Preparation of Boring Logs

130

(2)

2.20 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Field

132

(3)

2.21 Geophysical Exploration

135

(8)

2.22 Subsoil Exploration Report

143

(1)

2.23 Problems

144

(5)

References

149

(3)

THREE Shallow Foundations: Ultimate Bearing Capacity

152

(67)

3.1 Introduction

152

(1)

3.2 General Concept

152

(4)

3.3 Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table

159

(2)

3.4 Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table

159

(2)

3.5 Case History: Ultimate Bearing Capacity in Saturated Clay

161

(3)

3.6 Factor of Safety

164

(2)

3.7 The General Bearing Capacity Equation

166

(6)

3.8 Effect of Soil Compressibility

172

(4)

3.9 Eccentrically Loaded Foundations

176

(11)

3.10 Bearing Capacity of Layered Soils--Stronger Soil Underlain by Weaker Soil

187

(8)

3.11 Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope

195

(2)

3.12 Seisimic Bearing Capacity and Settlement in Granular Soil

197

(5)

Recent Advances in Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Reinforced Soil

202

(17)

3.13 Foundation on Sand with Geotextile Reinforcement

202

(2)

3.14 Foundation on Sturated Clay(phi=0) with Geotextile Reinforcement

204

(1)

3.15 Foundation on Sand with Geogrid Reinforcement

205

(5)

3.16 Strip Foundations on Saturated Clay (phi=0) with Geogrid Reinforcement

210

(2)

3.17 General Remarks

212

(1)

Problems

212

(5)

References

217

(2)

FOUR Shallow Foundations: Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement

219

(74)

4.1 Introduction

219

(1)

Vertical Stress Increases in a Soil Mass Caused by Foundation Load

220

(20)

4.2 Stress Due to Concentrated Load

220

(1)

4.3 Stress Due to a Circularlly Loaded Area

221

(1)

4.4 Stress Below a Rectangular Area

222

(7)

4.5 Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area

229

(4)

4.6 Stress Increase Under an Embankment

233

(4)

4.7 Stress Increase Due to Any Type of Loading

237

(3)

Settlement Calculation

240

(18)

4.8 Elastic Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity

240

(5)

4.9 Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay

245

(2)

4.10 Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor

247

(3)

4.11 Range of Material Parameters for Computing Elastic Settlement

250

(1)

4.12 Consolidation Settlement

251

(3)

4.13 Skempton-Bjerrum Modification for Consolidation Settlement

254

(2)

4.14 Consolidation Settlement--General Comments and a Case History

256

(2)

Allowable Bearing Capacity

258

(10)

4.15 Allowable Bearing Pressure in Sand Based on Settlement Consideration

258

(3)

4.16 Field Load Test

261

(6)

4.17 Presumptive Bearing Capacity

267

(1)

4.18 Tolerable Settlement of Buildings

267

(1)

Foundation with Soil Reinforcement

268

(25)

4.19 Shallow Foundation on Soil with Reinforcement

268

(2)

4.20 Strip Foundation on Granular Soil Reinforced by Metallic Strips

270

(7)

4.21 Factor of Safety of Ties Against Breaking and Pullout

277

(2)

4.22 Design Procedure for Strip Foundation on Reinforced Earth

279

(7)

Problems

286

(4)

References

290

(3)

FIVE Mat Foundations

293

(41)

5.1 Introduction

293

(3)

5.2 Common Types of Mat Foundations

296

(1)

5.3 Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations

297

(6)

5.4 Differential Settlement of Mats

303

(1)

5.5 Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations

304

(3)

5.6 Compensated Foundations

307

(3)

5.7 Structural Design of Mat Foundations

310

(20)

Problems

330

(3)

References

333

(1)

SIX Lateral Earth Pressure

334

(53)

6.1 Introduction

334

(1)

6.2 Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest

335

(5)

Active Pressure

340

(22)

6.3 Rankine Active Earth Pressure

340

(7)

6.4 Rankine Active Earth Pressure for Inclined Backfill

347

(3)

6.5 Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure

350

(8)

6.6 Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Conditions

358

(5)

6.7 Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge

363

(2)

6.8 Active Pressure for Wall Rotation About Top--Braced Cut

365

(2)

6.9 Active Earth Pressure for Translation of Retaining Wall--Granular Backfill

367

(5)

Passive Pressure

372

(15)

6.10 Rankine Passive Earth Pressure

372

(5)

6.11 Rankine Passive Earth Pressure--Inclined Backfill

377

(1)

6.12 Coulomb's Passive Earth Pressure

378

(2)

6.13 Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb's Pressure Calculations

380

(3)

Problems

383

(3)

References

386

(1)

Retaining Walls

387

(66)

7.1 Introduction

387

(2)

Gravity and Cantilever Walls

389

(35)

7.2 Proportioning Retaining Walls

389

(1)

7.3 Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design

390

(2)

7.4 Stability Checks

392

(19)

7.5 Other Types of Possible Retaining-Wall Failure

411

(4)

7.6 Comments Relating to Stability

415

(3)

7.7 Drainage From the Backfill of the Retaining Wall

418

(1)

7.8 Provision of Joints in Retaining-Wall Construction

419

(1)

7.9 Gravity Retaining-Wall Design for Earthquake Conditions

420

(4)

Mechanically Stabilized Retaining Walls

424

(29)

7.10 General Design Considerations

424

(1)

7.11 Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement

424

(8)

7.12 Step-by-Step Design Procedure (Metallic Strip Reinforcement)

432

(6)

7.13 Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement

438

(5)

7.14 Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement

443

(4)

7.15 General Comments

447

(1)

Problems

448

(3)

References

451

(2)

EIGHT Sheet Pile Structures

453

(111)

8.1 Introduction

453

(2)

Sheet Pile Walls

455

(64)

8.2 Construction Methods

455

(2)

8.3 Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls--General

457

(1)

8.4 Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soils

458

(6)

8.5 Special Cases for Cantilever Walls (Penetrating a Sandy Soil)

464

(5)

8.6 Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay

469

(4)

8.7 Special Cases for Cantilever Walls (Penetrating Clay)

473

(3)

8.8 Anchored Sheet Pile Wall--General

476

(1)

8.9 Free Earth Support Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil

480

(6)

8.10 Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil)

480

(6)

8.11 Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls

486

(4)

8.12 Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay

490

(3)

8.13 Computational Pressure Diagram Method (for Penetration into Sandy Soil)

493

(4)

8.14 Fixed Earth Support Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil

497

(4)

8.15 Field Observations for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls

501

(3)

8.16 Anchors--General

504

(2)

8.17 Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates and Beams in Sand

506

(9)

8.18 Ultimate Resistance of Anchor Plates and Beams in Clay (phi=0 Condition)

515

(4)

8.19 Ultimate Resistance of Tie Backs

519

(1)

Braced Cuts

519

(45)

8.20 Braced Cuts--General

519

(2)

8.21 Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design

521

(4)

8.22 Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut

525

(9)

8.23 Bottom Heaving of a Cut in Clay

534

(5)

8.24 Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand

539

(3)

8.25 Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement

542

(4)

8.26 Case Studies of Braced Cuts

546

(10)

Problems

556

(5)

References

561

(3)

NINE Pile Foundations

564

(110)

9.1 Introduction

564

(2)

9.2 Types of Piles and Their Structural Characteristics

566

(8)

9.3 Estimating Pile Length

574

(1)

9.4 Installation of Piles

575

(3)

9.5 Load Transfer Mechanism

578

(3)

9.6 Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity

581

(3)

9.7 Meyerhof's Method--Estimation of Q(p)

584

(3)

9.8 Vesic's Method--Estimation of Q(P)

587

(1)

9.9 Janbu's Method--Estimation of Q(P)

588

(1)

9.10 Coyle and Castello's Method--Estimation of Q(p) in Sand

589

(1)

9.11 Frictional Resistance (Q(s)) in Sand

590

(3)

9.12 Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay

593

(4)

9.13 General Comments and Allowable Pile Capacity

597

(1)

9.14 Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock

598

(7)

9.15 Pile Load Tests

605

(3)

9.16 Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results

608

(7)

9.17 Settlement of Piles

615

(3)

9.18 Pullout Resistance of Piles

618

(5)

9.19 Laterally Loaded Piles

623

(14)

9.20 Pile-Driving Formulad

637

(6)

9.21 Negative Skin Friction

643

(5)

Group Piles

648

(26)

9.22 Group Efficiency

648

(7)

9.23 Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay

655

(2)

9.24 Piles in Rock

657

(2)

9.25 Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles

659

(4)

9.26 Elastic Settlement of Group Piples

663

(1)

9.27 Uplift Capacity of Group Piles

664

(2)

9.28 Problems

666

(4)

References

670

(4)

TEN Drilled-Shaft and Caisson Foundations

674

(54)

10.1 Introduction

674

(1)

Drilled Shafts

675

(40)

10.2 Types of Drilled Shafts

675

(1)

10.3 Construction Procedures

676

(3)

10.4 Other Design Considerations

679

(1)

10.5 Load Transfer Mechanism

680

(2)

10.6 Estimation of Load-Bearing Capacity--General

682

(1)

10.7 Drilled Shafts in Sand--Load-Bearing Capacity

683

(12)

10.8 Drilled Shafts in Clay- Load Bearing Capacity

695

(7)

10.9 Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load

702

(2)

10.10 Uplit Capacity of Drilled Shafts

704

(5)

10.11 Lateral Load- Carrying Capacity

709

(2)

10.12 Drilled Shafts Extending into Rock

711

(4)

Caissons

715

(13)

10.13 Types of Caissons

715

(3)

10.14 Thickness of Concreate Seal in Open Caissons

718

(4)

10.15 Problems

722

(5)

10.16 References

727

(1)

ELEVEN Foundations on Difficult Soils

728

(36)

11.1 Introduction

728

(1)

Collapsible Soil

728

(11)

11.2 Definition and Types of Collapsible Soil

728

(1)

11.3 Physical Parameters for Identification

729

(4)

11.4 Procedure for Calculating Collapse Settlement

733

(1)

11.5 Foundation Design in Soils Not Susceptible to Wetting

734

(2)

11.6 Foundation Design in Soils Susceptible to Wetting

736

(1)

11.7 Case Histories of Stabilization of Collapsible Soil

737

(2)

Expansive Soils

739

(18)

11.8 Expansive Soils- General

739

(1)

11.9 Laboratary Measurement of Swell

740

(6)

11.10 Classification of Expansive Soil Based on Index Tests

746

(1)

11.11 Foundation Consideration for Expansive Soils

746

(1)

11.12 Construction on Expansive Soils

752

(5)

Sanitary Landfills

757

(7)

11.13 Sanitary Landfills- General

757

(1)

11.14 Settlement of Sanitary Landfills

757

(2)

Problems

759

(2)

References

761

(3)

TWELVE Soil Improvement and Ground Modification

764

(65)

12.1 Introduction

764

(1)

12.2 Compaction- General Principles

765

(3)

12.3 One- Point Method of Obtaining y d (max)

768

(4)

12.4 Correction for Compaction of Soils with Oversized Particles

772

(1)

12.5 Field Compaction

772

(5)

12.6 Compaction Control for City Hydraulic Barriers

777

(4)

12.7 Vibroflotation

781

(7)

12.8 Precompression- General Considerations

788

(8)

12.9 Sand Drains

796

(7)

12.10 An Example of a Sand Drain Application

803

(4)

12.11 Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs)

807

(1)

12.12 Lime Stabilization

807

(6)

12.13 Cement Stabilization

813

(2)

12.14 Fly Ash Stabilization

815

(1)

12.15 Stone Columns

815

(4)

12.16 Sand Compaction Piles

819

(1)

12.17 Dynamic Compaction

820

(5)

Problems

825

(2)

References

827

(2)

APPENDICES

829

(21)

Appendix A Conversion Factors

829

(3)

A.1 Conversion Factors from English to SI Units

829

(1)

A.2 Conversion Factors from SI to English Units

830

(2)

Appendix B Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations

832

(4)

Appendix C Sheet Pile Sections

836

(2)

Appendix D Pile Foundations

838

(2)

Appendix E Design Curves for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs)

846

(4)

Answers to Selected Problems

850

(5)

Index

855

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