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| Preface and Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| Functional Renal Physiology and Urine Production | p. 1 |
| Glomerular filtration | p. 1 |
| Tubular reabsorption and secretion | p. 3 |
| Collecting tubules | p. 5 |
| Renal function and measures of renal function | p. 5 |
| Laboratory assessment of renal function | p. 6 |
| Specimen Procurement | p. 9 |
| Laboratory defi nitions for collec... MORE | p. 9 |
| Urine specimen containers | p. 12 |
| Specimen handling and preservation | p. 15 |
| Types of urine specimens | p. 16 |
| Routine Urinalysis: Physical Properties | p. 19 |
| Solute concentration | p. 19 |
| Urine color | p. 25 |
| Routine Urinalysis: Chemical Analysis | p. 29 |
| pH | p. 29 |
| Protein | p. 32 |
| Glucose | p. 38 |
| Ketone | p. 40 |
| Blood | p. 42 |
| Bilirubin | p. 45 |
| Urobilinogen | p. 48 |
| Nitrite | p. 49 |
| Leukocyte esterase | p. 50 |
| Specific gravity | p. 51 |
| Routine Urinalysis: Microscopic Elements | p. 55 |
| Urine sediment preparation | p. 55 |
| Examination of urine sediment | p. 57 |
| Microscopic elements of urine sediment | p. 59 |
| Proteinuria | p. 113 |
| Protein handling by the kidney | p. 113 |
| Signifi cance of proteinuria | p. 116 |
| Laboratory diagnosis of proteinuria | p. 117 |
| Recommendations regarding diagnosis of proteinuria | p. 126 |
| Additional considerations for proteinuria | p. 126 |
| Advanced Diagnostics | p. 133 |
| Detection of bacteriuria versus diagnosis of urinary tract infection | p. 133 |
| Urinary tract cytology | p. 136 |
| Fractional excretion | p. 147 |
| Urinary biomarkers | p. 149 |
| Laboratory Quality Assurance | p. 155 |
| Physical requirements of the laboratory | p. 155 |
| Laboratory equipment | p. 157 |
| Reagents and supplies for the urinalysis laboratory | p. 160 |
| Laboratory waste | p. 160 |
| Quality control in the urinalysis laboratory | p. 161 |
| Procedure manuals | p. 163 |
| Index | p. 165 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
Nicole M. Weinstein DVM, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is the section chief of Laboratory Services in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Sciences at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in Blacksburg, Virginia.