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PRACTICAL STUDY OF ARGUMENT W/INFOTRAC

by:
ISBN: 9780534519766 | 0534519768
Edition: 5th
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
Pub. Date: 7/11/2000

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SummaryTable of Contents
Learn to formulate better arguments with A PRACTICAL STUDY OF ARGUMENT! Providing you with a practical introduction to sound argumentation, this philosophy text gives you the tools you need to understand formal logic and formulate a good argument. Real world examples are included to show you how theory is brought to life in everyday practice. Tools such as exercises with answers, a glossary of common fallacies, chapter summaries, and a book-specific website give you the practice you need to master the material with ease.
Prefaceix
What Is an Argument? (And What Is Not?)
1(28)
Argument and Opinion
1(2)
... MORE
What Is an Argument?
3(4)
Where and How Do You Find Arguments?
7(3)
Why Are Arguments Important?
10(2)
What Isn't an Argument?
12(6)
Argument and Explanation: What's the Difference?
18(11)
Chapter Summary
27(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
27(1)
Notes
28(1)
Pinning Down Argument Structure
29(39)
Standardizing an Argument
29(5)
From Colloquial Writing to Standardized Form
34(4)
General Strategies for Standardizing Arguments
38(5)
Important Details about Conclusions
43(8)
Important Details about Premises
51(9)
The Principle of Charity in Argument Interpretation
60(8)
Chapter Summary
64(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
65(1)
Notes
66(2)
When Is an Argument a Good One?
68(32)
The ARG Conditions
68(3)
More on the (R) and (G) Conditions: Reasoning from Premises to Conclusions
71(4)
Using the ARG Conditions to Evaluate Arguments
75(6)
The Significance of Argument Evaluation
81(4)
The Challenge of Argument
85(7)
Evaluating Arguments and Constructing Your Own Arguments
92(2)
The Dialectical Context
94(6)
Chapter Summary
96(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
97(2)
Notes
99(1)
Looking at Language
100(38)
Definitions
103(13)
Further Features of Language
116(10)
Clarity and Audience: The Problem of Jargon
126(12)
Chapter Summary
133(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
134(2)
Notes
136(2)
Premises: What to Accept and Why
138(36)
The Dilemma of Premises
138(2)
When Premises Are Acceptable
140(14)
Summary of Acceptability Conditions
154(2)
When Premises Are Unacceptable
156(9)
Summary of Unacceptability Conditions
165(9)
Chapter Summary
169(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
170(2)
Notes
172(2)
Working on Relevance
174(41)
Characteristics of Relevance
174(3)
Some Ways of Being Relevant
177(4)
Irrelevance: Some General Comments
181(6)
Fallacies Involving Irrelevance
187(16)
Irrelevance, Missing Premises, and Argument Criticism
203(5)
Emotional Appeals, Irrelevance, and Distraction
208(7)
Chapter Summary
211(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
211(2)
Notes
213(2)
Deductions: Categorical Logic
215(38)
Deductive Relations
215(3)
Four Categorical Forms
218(2)
Natural Language and Categorical Form
220(5)
Venn Diagrams
225(2)
Rules of Immediate Inference
227(6)
Contrary and Contradictory Predicates and False Dichotomies
233(2)
Categorical Logic: Some Philosophical Background
235(3)
The Categorical Syllogism
238(6)
The Rules of the Categorical Syllogism
244(2)
Applying Categorical Logic
246(7)
Chapter Summary
249(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
250(2)
Notes
252(1)
Deductively Valid Arguments: Propositional Logic
253(45)
Definition of the Basic Symbols Used in Propositional Logic
254(5)
Testing for Validity by the Truth Table Technique
259(3)
The Shorter Truth Table Technique
262(4)
Translating from English into Propositional Logic
266(10)
Further Points about Translation
276(9)
Simple Proofs in Propositional Logic
285(7)
Propositional Logic and Cogent Arguments
292(6)
Chapter Summary
294(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
295(2)
Notes
297(1)
An Introduction to Inductive Arguments
298(52)
Philosophical Background
298(3)
Inductive Generalizations
301(12)
Causal Inductive Arguments
313(5)
Correlations
318(6)
Problems with Premises
324(10)
Common Fallacies in Inductive Arguments
334(10)
Different Senses of Inductive
344(6)
Chapter Summary
345(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
346(2)
Notes
348(2)
Analogies: Reasoning from Case to Case
350(42)
The Nature and Functions of Analogy
350(2)
Analogy and Consistency
352(15)
Inductive Analogies
367(8)
Further Critical Strategies
375(3)
Loose and Misleading Analogies
378(14)
Chapter Summary
389(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
389(1)
Notes
390(2)
Conductive Arguments and Counterconsiderations
392(21)
Counterconsiderations
395(18)
Chapter Summary
410(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
410(1)
Notes
411(2)
Reflective Analysis of Longer Works
413(24)
Introduction
413(1)
Reading for Understanding
414(4)
Reading for Appraisal
418(2)
Developing an Outline for Your Essay
420(5)
A Sample Essay
425(5)
Working through an Example
430(7)
Chapter Summary
434(1)
Review of Terms Introduced
435(1)
Note
436(1)
Appendix A A Summary of Fallacies437(9)
Appendix B Selected Essays for Analysis446(12)
``How Patriarchy Becomes Santa Claus: Why a Myth Is as Good as Its Smile,''
446(2)
Janet D. Sisson
``Abortion and Violence,''
448(1)
Henry Morgentaler
``Believing in the Goddess?''
449(4)
Trudy Govier
``Clash Over Climate Change: Singer Article Clouds the Picture,''
453(2)
Andrew Weaver
``Global Warming Proof Still Suspect,''
455(3)
S. Fred Singer
Answers to Selected Exercises458(26)
Index484

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