9780130284372

This comprehensive, accurate, and timely account of police violence provides readers with a complete understanding of the concept and all that it entailscovering its history to future directions, and ten different areas of police violence. Each chapter in the reader addresses police violence as it is usedbyandagainstofficers, and all highly competent contributing authors (including both practitioners and academics) have a strong background in the various areas.Chapter topics examine the research surrounding violent acts, the reasons officers feel justified in using excessive force, an account of situational factors affecting an officer's likelihood to use or be the victim of violence, measurements of deadly force, training issues, the importance of officer pursuits, violence and the community policing philosophy, and international rates of violent police-citizen encounters and the differences between countries.For use in the police academyand by the ACLU, citizen action groups, and civilian review boards.

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Ronald G. Burns received his Ph.D. from the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University. He is an assistant professor of criminal justice in the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Texas Christian University. His most recent publications appeared in Police Quarterly; Police Practice and Research; Crime, Law and Social Change; Studies in Symbolic Interaction; Sociological Spectrum; and Environment and Behavior. His primary research interests center on police violence and media construction of crime. Recent research includes an examination of image shaping on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration and an observation of the factors related to a suspect resisting arrest.

Charles E. Crawford is an associate professor of sociology at Western Michigan University. He recently published in the areas of gender and sentencing, prison sexual violence, suspect resistance at arrest, and racial profiling. His current research involves the study of situational factors in police use of force and racial and pretextual stops. He conducts evaluation research for the Kalamazoo Department of Public Safety.

Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

xi

Contributors' Biographical Information

xiii

The Political Economy of Police Violence

1

(24)

Paul B. Stretesky

Violence by and Against the Police

25

(27)

Jason T. Carmichael

David Jacobs

From Report Takers to Report Makers: Understanding the Police and Violence

52

(21)

Robert P. McNamara

Situational Determinants of Police Violence

73

(28)

Ronald Burns

Charles Crawford

Police Use of Deadly Force: Where We Should Be Looking

101

(26)

Steven E. Reifert

Training and Police Violence

127

(20)

Kenneth W. Flynn

Police Pursuits: Just One Form of Police Violence

147

(20)

Matt Welch

Community Policing and Police Violence

167

(22)

Rhonda K. DeLong

The International Dimensions of Violence and the Police

189

(25)

Richard H. Ward

Future Directions of Police Violence: What to Expect

214

(14)

Gene Stephens

Policing and Violence in Review: Perspectives from the Practitioner Turned Academic/Practitioner

228

M.L. Dantzker

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Police officers must be constantly prepared to defend against, or use, force. As such, police officers need special skills and knowledge to appropriately engage in this often controversial and dangerous aspect of their job. Implications for officer misuse of violence include criminal and civil litigation, loss of public support, injury, and death. For example, recent violent incidents in New York City resulted in additional strains between minority groups and the police. In Fort Worth, Texas, an officer received a 90-day unpaid suspension after her vehicle struck and killed the driver of another vehicle as she was responding to a nonemergency disturbance call.Police officers' use of force attracts a great deal of attention, often becoming the main story on television news shows and in the headlines of newspapers. Police violence both directly and indirectly affects a substantial portion of our society. However, we must ask, "How much do we understand about the relationship between police officers and violence?" We all have opinions regarding how much force is too much, and we all have ideas of how much violence police officers encounter, but do any of us have what could be considered an accurate understanding ofallaspects of police violence?Although a substantial body of research has addressed police violence, few scholarly texts have primarily focused on it. For instance, most texts addressing the history of policing glance over the foundations of police violence, while others provide limited coverage of the laws and training surrounding this aspect of the profession. Numerous texts addressing police violence tend to focus on officers and deadly force. Although this is an important aspect of police violence, such acts affect only a small number of officers, leaving a void in our understanding of all forms of police violence.The purpose of this text is to provide a comprehensive account of police violence. In covering aspects ranging from the history of police violence to future directions, we hope readers will gain a more complete understanding of the concept and all that it entails. In contrast to many publications addressing police violence, this text covers acts of violenceby and againstofficers. In selecting contributors who have a strong background in the various areas of police violence (including both practitioners and academics), we believe we help fill a void in the policing literature.It is hoped that readers will use the text primarily to further understand police actions and reactions as they relate to violence. The study of police violence is not new; however, no text comprehensively covers the issue. Such coverage is of significance to a wide audience, including not only police officers, students, and academics, but citizens, researchers, policymakers, and police administrators.For the classroom, this text would be most useful in upper-level criminology and policing courses, as well as graduate seminars dealing with critical issues in policing. The text would also be useful in professional seminars for police trainers, as well as for instructors and students in the fields of public administration/affairs, law, violence, deviance, and sociology. Additionally, organizations such as the ACLU, citizen action groups, and civilian review boards may find use for the text. Finally, researchers and policy-makers outside the United States may appreciate the text for its extensive coverage of police violence.Development of this text initially began following our work on two research articles on police use of force and a follow-up piece on suspect use of force. Through a series of conversations with colleagues such as John Hepburn, Mark Dantzker, and John Fuller, and presentations on panels at the American Society of Criminology and the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, we began thinking about expanding this theme and putting together a reader that focuses speci

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Policing and Violence

Policing and Violence

0130284378

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